Download or read book Imaging and Isolation of Prostate Cancer Circulating Tumor Cells written by Jonathan James Geruntho and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metastasis is the leading cause of death among prostate cancer patients, accounting for 99% of all deaths from the disease. Tumor cells shedding from primary and established metastases help the cancer invade distant sites within the body, furthering the metastatic disease. Luckily, these circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can provide a window to characterize the carcinoma population as a whole within an individual. The challenge lies in the concentration of these cells for study. The current CellSearch(c) technology has been able to demonstrate CTC capture in advanced stage prostate cancer, but lacks the ability to efficiently identify CTCs at the onset of disease. This deficiency is due to the targeting moiety having an affinity for a surface epitope that is shed from most cells as they enter circulation. The system also falls short, with the small quantities of cells that can be captured for further analysis. To overcome these challenges, a new target and better enrichment method are required. Adapting probes for an improved target such as prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a highly upregulated cancer-specific biomarker, is the first step in improving the approach for prostate CTC isolation. This can be achieved in two ways: either by direct labeling or pretargeting the cells and amplifying the signal with a secondary agent. This can be further improved by concentrating CTCs based upon their intrinsic differences from hematocytes, mainly density. Apheresis centrifugation techniques are not limited by blood volume, and do not target tumor cells through the use of biomarkers, but rather enable the adjustment of cell settling velocities to "skim" tumor cells out of whole blood. By employing these techniques together, a highly efficient CTC isolation process can be performed. More importantly, these techniques allow for larger cell populations to be screened, isolated, and cultured so that more information can be gained about the disease of a patient as a whole.
Download or read book Prostate Cancer Circulating Tumor Cells written by Hazem Alsaadi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CTCs have emerged as a potential source of clinical significance. But with numerous isolating systems currently available, the numbers of captured CTCs vary widely. At this point, CellSearch remains the only FDA-approved system with clinical significance whereby the results could be used to monitor patients with metastatic colon, breast, or prostate cancer. However, its inability to isolate CTCs from non-high risk prostate cancer patients or CTCs that are EpCAM-negative has led to criticism. In this study, we have shown that size-based filtration successfully isolates CTCs from patients with localized and metastatic prostate cancer. We have also shown that CTCs can be successfully isolated from low and intermediate risk groups. Additionally, clusters of CTCs were preserved and isolated in all localized risk groups and metastatic patients. Furthermore, we enumerated the isolated CTCs using automated and manual methods in low risk, intermediate risk, high risk, and metastatic prostate cancer. The automated and manual counts were comparable. Moreover, the amounts of clusters and the size of clusters correlated with the status and stage of prostate cancer.
Download or read book Circulating Tumor Cells written by Z. Hugh Fan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-03-29 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduces the reader to Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs), their isolation method and analysis, and commercially available platforms Presents the historical perspective and the overview of the field of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) Discusses the state-of-art methods for CTC isolation, ranging from the macro- to micro-scale, from positive concentration to negative depletion, and from biological-property-enabled to physical-property-based approaches Details commercially available CTC platforms Describes post-isolation analysis and clinical translation Provides a glossary of scientific terms related to CTCs
Download or read book Circulating Tumor Cells written by Catherine Alix-Panabieres and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-04-03 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as a real-time liquid biopsy approach can be used to obtain new insights into metastasis biology, and as companion diagnostics to improve the stratification of therapies and to obtain insights into the therapy-induced selection of cancer cells. In this book, we will cover all the different facets of CTCs to assemble a huge corpus of knowledge on cancer dissemination: technologies for their enrichment, detection, and characterization; their analysis at the single-cell level; their journey as CTC microemboli; their clinical relevance; their biology with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT); their stem-cell properties; their potential to initiate metastasis at distant sites; their ex vivo expansion; and their escape from the immune system.
Download or read book Transcription Based Molecular Imaging and Gene Therapy for Castration resistant and Metastatic Prostate Cancer in Translational Models written by Ziyue Jiang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advanced stage of prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death for American men. Novel, effective treatment options and more cancer-specific diagnostic tools are urgently needed to facilitate patient management. Here, we explored the construction and application of an array of gene-based molecular imaging and therapeutic vectors in a variety of clinically relevant settings. These vectors exploit prostate cancer-specific promoters to control the transcription of imaging reporter genes or therapeutic genes, and thus can achieve stringent cancer selectivity. We showed that gene-based imaging vectors can detect prostate cancer metastasis earlier than conventional imaging modalities; we also developed a dual-reporter imaging system that can specifically interrogate the activation/inhibition status of androgen receptor, and thus monitor the efficacy of androgen deprivation and androgen receptor blockade therapies. Further, we explored the applicability of gene-based vectors in detecting circulating tumor cells and have obtained promising results. Moreover, we employed two strategies to improve the clinical usability of viral vectors in immunocompetent hosts (such as humans). In the first strategy, we used a broad-acting immunosuppressant, rapamycin, to reduce the scale of adenovirus-induced inflammatory responses and also to decrease the eliminating effects of host adaptive immune system on viral vectors and viral-infected, transgene-expressing cells. Rapamycin significantly augmented the magnitude and prolonged the duration of virus-delivered transgene expression, and thus enhanced the diagnostic capability of these imaging vectors. The second approach took advantage of the versatile surface modifying ability of non-viral reagents. We designed a polypeptide coating that can non-covalently bind to adenoviral particles and confer protections against blood components such as neutralizing antibodies and coagulation factors. The coating significantly decreased the inhibitory effects of neutralizing antibodies on adenoviral transduction and markedly abrogated coagulation factors-mediated hepatocyte infection. Furthermore, this polypeptide coating reduced the antigenicity of adenoviral vectors in vivo, greatly diminished anti-adenovirus antibody production, and therefore could facilitate repeated administration of viral vectors in immunocompetent hosts. Overall, we herein present a substantial amount of evidence supporting the pre-clinical and translational use of gene-based imaging and therapeutic vectors to assist the management of patients with advanced, treatment-refractory prostate cancer.
Download or read book The Identification of Circulating Tumour Cells in Prostate Cancer Using Imaging Flow Cytometry written by Hussein Al-Ali and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Minimal Residual Disease and Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer written by Michail Ignatiadis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-23 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important book provides up-to-date information on a series of topical issues relating to the approach to minimal residual disease in breast cancer patients. It first explains how the study of minimal residual disease and circulating and disseminated tumor cells (CTCs/DTCs) can assist in the understanding of breast cancer metastasis. A series of chapters then discuss the various technologies available for the detection and characterization of CTCs and DTCs, pinpointing their merits and limitations. Detailed consideration is given to the relevance of CTCs and DTCs, and their detection, to clinical research and practice. The role of other blood-based biomarkers is also addressed, and the closing chapters debate the challenges facing drug and biomarker co-development and the use of CTCs for companion diagnostic development. This book will be of interest and assistance to all who are engaged in the modern management of breast cancer.
Download or read book Tumor Organoids written by Shay Soker and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2017-10-20 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer cell biology research in general, and anti-cancer drug development specifically, still relies on standard cell culture techniques that place the cells in an unnatural environment. As a consequence, growing tumor cells in plastic dishes places a selective pressure that substantially alters their original molecular and phenotypic properties.The emerging field of regenerative medicine has developed bioengineered tissue platforms that can better mimic the structure and cellular heterogeneity of in vivo tissue, and are suitable for tumor bioengineering research. Microengineering technologies have resulted in advanced methods for creating and culturing 3-D human tissue. By encapsulating the respective cell type or combining several cell types to form tissues, these model organs can be viable for longer periods of time and are cultured to develop functional properties similar to native tissues. This approach recapitulates the dynamic role of cell–cell, cell–ECM, and mechanical interactions inside the tumor. Further incorporation of cells representative of the tumor stroma, such as endothelial cells (EC) and tumor fibroblasts, can mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment. Collectively, bioengineered tumors create an important resource for the in vitro study of tumor growth in 3D including tumor biomechanics and the effects of anti-cancer drugs on 3D tumor tissue. These technologies have the potential to overcome current limitations to genetic and histological tumor classification and development of personalized therapies.
Download or read book Atlas of Liquid Biopsy written by Ludmilla Thomé Domingos Chinen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-31 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a wealth of images and extensive information on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and other cells usually observed in blood from patients with cancer, such as giant macrophages, and circulating tumor microemboli (CTM). The field of “liquid biopsy” began with the analysis of CTCs in the early 2000s. In the beginning, molecular techniques were developed to detect these cells in the blood. However, it has since become clear that CTCs initially require a cytopathological analysis to be detected without false positive and negative results. After detection, molecular analysis can be subsequently performed. Cancer is an important cause of mortality, especially when detected in late stages. Even with all the advances that have been made in its treatment, cancer is still challenging, as many patients do not respond to any therapy. Many health agencies have considered early diagnosis as a feasible tool. In this context, it is of the utmost importance to know the morphology and characteristics of CTCs to determine a correct diagnosis. Currently much of the scientific community is committed to expanding our knowledge of CTCs, and this work makes a valuable contribution, presenting hundreds of cell images from patients with various types of cancer, in many different stages of disease, and after receiving various treatments. The Atlas of Liquid Biopsy: Circulating Tumor Cells and Other Rare Cells in Cancer Patients’ Blood is an essential reference guide for all physicians, biologists, biomedics, and professionals working at clinical and research laboratories, hospitals and research centers.
Download or read book Biomarkers in Breast Cancer written by Giampietro Gasparini and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-17 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expert laboratory and clinical researchers from around the world review how to design and evaluate studies of tumor markers and examine their use in breast cancer patients. The authors cover both the major advances in sophisticated molecular methods and the state-of-the-art in conventional prognostic and predictive indicators. Among the topics discussed are the relevance of rigorous study design and guidelines for the validation studies of new biomarkers, gene expression profiling by tissue microarrays, adjuvant systemic therapy, and the use of estrogen, progesterone, and epidermal growth factor receptors as both prognostic and predictive indicators. Highlights include the evaluation of HER2 and EGFR family members, of p53, and of UPA/PAI-1; the detection of rare cells in blood and marrow; and the detection and analysis of soluble, circulating markers.
Download or read book Holland Frei Cancer Medicine written by Robert C. Bast, Jr. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-10 with total page 2004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine, Ninth Edition, offers a balanced view of the most current knowledge of cancer science and clinical oncology practice. This all-new edition is the consummate reference source for medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, internists, surgical oncologists, and others who treat cancer patients. A translational perspective throughout, integrating cancer biology with cancer management providing an in depth understanding of the disease An emphasis on multidisciplinary, research-driven patient care to improve outcomes and optimal use of all appropriate therapies Cutting-edge coverage of personalized cancer care, including molecular diagnostics and therapeutics Concise, readable, clinically relevant text with algorithms, guidelines and insight into the use of both conventional and novel drugs Includes free access to the Wiley Digital Edition providing search across the book, the full reference list with web links, illustrations and photographs, and post-publication updates
Download or read book Cancer Nanotechnology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-06-23 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Cancer Research, Volume 139, provides invaluable information on the exciting and fast-moving field of cancer research. Original reviews are presented on a variety of topics relating to the rapidly developing intersection between nanotechnology and cancer research, with unique sections in the new release focusing on Exosomes as a theranostic for lung cancer, Nanotechnology and cancer immunotherapy, Ultrasound imaging agents and delivery systems, Dendronized systems for the delivery of chemotherapeutics, Thermosensitive liposomes for image-guided drug delivery, Supramolecular Chemistry in Tumor Analysis and Drug Delivery, Gold nanoparticles for delivery of cancer therapeutics, and Single cell barcode microchip for cancer research and therapy. Provides the latest information on cancer research Offers outstanding and original reviews on a range of cancer research topics Serves as an indispensable reference for researchers and students alike
Download or read book Molecular Analysis of Cancer written by Jacqueline Boultwood and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-02 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 20 years, technological advances in molecular biology have proven invaluable to the understanding of the pathogenesis of human cancer. The application of molecular technology to the study of cancer has not only led to advances in tumor diagnosis, but has also provided markers for the assessment of prognosis and disease progression. The aim of Molecular Ana- sis of Cancer is to provide a comprehensive collection of the most up-to-date techniques for the detection of molecular changes in human cancer. Leading researchers in the field have contributed chapters detailing practical pro- dures for a wide range of state-of-the-art techniques. Molecular Analysis of Cancer includes chapters describing techniques for the identification of chromosomal abnormalities and comprising: fluor- cent in situ hybridization (FISH), spectral karyotyping (SKY), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and microsatellite analysis. FISH has a pro- nent role in the molecular analysis of cancer and can be used for the detection of numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities. The recently described SKY, in which all human metaphase chromosomes are visualized in specific colors, allows for the definition of all chromosomal rearrangements and marker chromosomes in a tumor cell. Protocols for the detection of chromosomal re- rangements by PCR and RT-PCR are described, as well as the technique of DNA fingerprinting, a powerful tool for studying somatic genetic alterations in tumorigenesis.
Download or read book Nanotechnology for Microfluidics written by Xingyu Jiang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-09-08 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on microfluidics with applications in nanotechnology. The first part summarizes the recent advances and achievements in the field of microfluidic technology, with emphasize on the the influence of nanotechnology. The second part introduces various applications of microfluidics in nanotechnology, such as drug delivery, tissue engineering and biomedical diagnosis.
Download or read book Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer Metastatic Disease written by Roberto Piñeiro and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-05-02 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is aimed to summarise the key aspects of the role of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in breast cancer, with special attention to their contribution to tumour progression and establishment of metastatic disease. We aim to give a clear overview of the knowledge about CTCs, framed in the context of breast cancer, by analysing basic and clinical research carried out so far. In a broader sense, we will address what are the main clinical needs of this disease based on its molecular heterogeneity (subtypes) and lay out the knowledge and understanding that CTCs are giving about it and how they are contributing and can still improve the better monitoring and management of breast cancer patients. We will discuss the evidences of the use of CTCs as a tool to monitor cancer progression and therapy response, based on the prognostic and predictive value they have, as well as a tool to unravel mechanisms of resistance to therapy and to identify new biomarkers allowing to predict therapy success. Moreover, we will analyse the main aspects of ongoing clinical trials and how they can contribute to determine the clinical utility of CTCs as a breast cancer biomarker. We will also touch upon general knowledge or basic notions of the biology of the metastatic process in epithelial cancers, in order to understand the origin and biology of CTCs. In this sense, we will pay special attention to EMT (epithelial to mesenchymal transition), dormancy and minimal residual disease, three key aspects that determine the outcome of the disease. We will also cover general aspects on the isolation and characterization techniques applies to the study of CTCs, and also the possibilities that the study of CTCs, as a biomarker with biological function, is opening in terms of understanding the biology of metastatic cells and the identification of therapeutic targets based on the functional and molecular characterization of CTCs. Lastly, we will try to foresee the future of CTCs in terms of clinical application and implementation in the clinical routine.
Download or read book Circulating Tumor Cells written by Z. Hugh Fan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-03-25 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduces the reader to Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs), their isolation method and analysis, and commercially available platforms Presents the historical perspective and the overview of the field of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) Discusses the state-of-art methods for CTC isolation, ranging from the macro- to micro-scale, from positive concentration to negative depletion, and from biological-property-enabled to physical-property-based approaches Details commercially available CTC platforms Describes post-isolation analysis and clinical translation Provides a glossary of scientific terms related to CTCs
Download or read book Intercellular Communication in Cancer written by Mustapha Kandouz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-20 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cells are by nature compelled to live in groups. They develop dependence over signaling cues received from their microenvironment, in particular from other cells, whether of their own “kind” or of a different type. Therefore, communicating with these cells is a critical aspect of their behavior and fate, as they live and die normally or as they undergo disease-related pathological changes, with dramatic repercussions. In this book, we have asked expert researchers in the field of Intercellular Communication in Cancer to provide chapters on different aspects of interaction between neighboring cells, in the context of cancer diseases. We have specifically focused our efforts on membrane-to-membrane contact-based rather than growth factors-mediated modes of intercellular communications. The contributing authors provide an extensive overview of their respective area of specialization, with an in-depth discussion of the molecular mechanisms of cell-cell interactions, the impact on tumor progression and response to therapies, as well as the cancer diagnostic value of this scientific information. This book aims to introduce essential aspects of the normal and pathological cellular fate and homeostasis to both scientists and clinicians, and also to provide established researchers with an update on the novelties and future directions this expanding field is witnessing.
