Download or read book Image Formation in Low voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy written by Ludwig Reimer and published by SPIE Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While most textbooks about scanning electron microscopy (SEM) cover the high-voltage range from 5-50 keV, this volume considers the special problems in low-voltage SEM and summarizes the differences between LVSEM and conventional SEM. Chapters cover the influence of lens aberrations and design on electron-probe formation; the effect of elastic and inelastic scattering processes on electron diffusion and electron range; charging and radiation damage effects; the dependence of SE yield and the backscattering coefficient on electron energy, surface tilt, and material as well as the angular and energy distributions; and types of image contrast and the differences between LVSEM and conventional SEM modes due to the influence of electron-specimen interactions.
Download or read book Scanning Electron Microscopy written by Ludwig Reimer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-09-17 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scanning Electron Microscopy provides a description of the physics of electron-probe formation and of electron-specimen interactions. The different imaging and analytical modes using secondary and backscattered electrons, electron-beam-induced currents, X-ray and Auger electrons, electron channelling effects, and cathodoluminescence are discussed to evaluate specific contrasts and to obtain quantitative information.
Download or read book Low Voltage Electron Microscopy written by David C. Bell and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-11-30 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part of the Wiley-Royal Microscopical Society Series, this book discusses the rapidly developing cutting-edge field of low-voltage microscopy, a field that has only recently emerged due to the rapid developments in the electron optics design and image processing. It serves as a guide for current and new microscopists and materials scientists who are active in the field of nanotechnology, and presents applications in nanotechnology and research of surface-related phenomena, allowing researches to observe materials as never before.
Download or read book Scanning Electron Microscopy and X Ray Microanalysis written by Joseph Goldstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 830 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decade, since the publication of the first edition of Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Microanalysis, there has been a great expansion in the capabilities of the basic SEM and EPMA. High resolution imaging has been developed with the aid of an extensive range of field emission gun (FEG) microscopes. The magnification ranges of these instruments now overlap those of the transmission electron microscope. Low-voltage microscopy using the FEG now allows for the observation of noncoated samples. In addition, advances in the develop ment of x-ray wavelength and energy dispersive spectrometers allow for the measurement of low-energy x-rays, particularly from the light elements (B, C, N, 0). In the area of x-ray microanalysis, great advances have been made, particularly with the "phi rho z" [Ij)(pz)] technique for solid samples, and with other quantitation methods for thin films, particles, rough surfaces, and the light elements. In addition, x-ray imaging has advanced from the conventional technique of "dot mapping" to the method of quantitative compositional imaging. Beyond this, new software has allowed the development of much more meaningful displays for both imaging and quantitative analysis results and the capability for integrating the data to obtain specific information such as precipitate size, chemical analysis in designated areas or along specific directions, and local chemical inhomogeneities.
Download or read book Springer Handbook of Microscopy written by Peter W. Hawkes and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-02 with total page 1561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book features reviews by leading experts on the methods and applications of modern forms of microscopy. The recent awards of Nobel Prizes awarded for super-resolution optical microscopy and cryo-electron microscopy have demonstrated the rich scientific opportunities for research in novel microscopies. Earlier Nobel Prizes for electron microscopy (the instrument itself and applications to biology), scanning probe microscopy and holography are a reminder of the central role of microscopy in modern science, from the study of nanostructures in materials science, physics and chemistry to structural biology. Separate chapters are devoted to confocal, fluorescent and related novel optical microscopies, coherent diffractive imaging, scanning probe microscopy, transmission electron microscopy in all its modes from aberration corrected and analytical to in-situ and time-resolved, low energy electron microscopy, photoelectron microscopy, cryo-electron microscopy in biology, and also ion microscopy. In addition to serving as an essential reference for researchers and teachers in the fields such as materials science, condensed matter physics, solid-state chemistry, structural biology and the molecular sciences generally, the Springer Handbook of Microscopy is a unified, coherent and pedagogically attractive text for advanced students who need an authoritative yet accessible guide to the science and practice of microscopy.
Download or read book Compendium of Surface and Interface Analysis written by The Surface Science Society of Japan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-19 with total page 807 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book concisely illustrates the techniques of major surface analysis and their applications to a few key examples. Surfaces play crucial roles in various interfacial processes, and their electronic/geometric structures rule the physical/chemical properties. In the last several decades, various techniques for surface analysis have been developed in conjunction with advances in optics, electronics, and quantum beams. This book provides a useful resource for a wide range of scientists and engineers from students to professionals in understanding the main points of each technique, such as principles, capabilities and requirements, at a glance. It is a contemporary encyclopedia for selecting the appropriate method depending on the reader's purpose.
Download or read book Scanning Electron Microscopy written by Ludwig Reimer and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Practical Scanning Electron Microscopy written by Joseph Goldstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the spring of 1963, a well-known research institute made a market survey to assess how many scanning electron microscopes might be sold in the United States. They predicted that three to five might be sold in the first year a commercial SEM was available, and that ten instruments would saturate the marketplace. In 1964, the Cambridge Instruments Stereoscan was introduced into the United States and, in the following decade, over 1200 scanning electron microscopes were sold in the U. S. alone, representing an investment conservatively estimated at $50,000- $100,000 each. Why were the market surveyers wrongil Perhaps because they asked the wrong persons, such as electron microscopists who were using the highly developed transmission electron microscopes of the day, with resolutions from 5-10 A. These scientists could see little application for a microscope that was useful for looking at surfaces with a resolution of only (then) about 200 A. Since that time, many scientists have learned to appreciate that information content in an image may be of more importance than resolution per se. The SEM, with its large depth of field and easily that often require little or no sample prepara interpreted images of samples tion for viewing, is capable of providing significant information about rough samples at magnifications ranging from 50 X to 100,000 X. This range overlaps considerably with the light microscope at the low end, and with the electron microscope at the high end.
Download or read book Scanning Electron Microscopy for the Life Sciences written by Heide Schatten and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to modern scanning electron microscopy instrumentation, methodology and techniques, highlighting novel applications to cell and molecular biology.
Download or read book Scanning Electron Microscopy written by L. Reimer and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scanning Electron Microscopy and X Ray Microanalysis written by Joseph Goldstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text provides students as well as practitioners with a comprehensive introduction to the field of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray microanalysis. The authors emphasize the practical aspects of the techniques described. Topics discussed include user-controlled functions of scanning electron microscopes and x-ray spectrometers and the use of x-rays for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Separate chapters cover SEM sample preparation methods for hard materials, polymers, and biological specimens. In addition techniques for the elimination of charging in non-conducting specimens are detailed.
Download or read book Transmission Electron Microscopy written by Ludwig Reimer and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Low Voltage Electron Microscopy written by David C. Bell and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-11 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part of the Wiley-Royal Microscopical Society Series, this book discusses the rapidly developing cutting-edge field of low-voltage microscopy, a field that has only recently emerged due to the rapid developments in the electron optics design and image processing. It serves as a guide for current and new microscopists and materials scientists who are active in the field of nanotechnology, and presents applications in nanotechnology and research of surface-related phenomena, allowing researches to observe materials as never before.
Download or read book Scanning Electron Microscopy written by Ludwig Reimer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scanning Electron Microscopy provides a description of the physics of electron-probe formation and of electron-specimen interactions. The different imaging and analytical modes using secondary and backscattered electrons, electron-beam-induced currents, X-ray and Auger electrons, electron channelling effects, and cathodoluminescence are discussed to evaluate specific contrasts and to obtain quantitative information.
Download or read book Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy written by Nicolas Brodusch and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-25 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights what is now achievable in terms of materials characterization with the new generation of cold-field emission scanning electron microscopes applied to real materials at high spatial resolution. It discusses advanced scanning electron microscopes/scanning- transmission electron microscopes (SEM/STEM), simulation and post-processing techniques at high spatial resolution in the fields of nanomaterials, metallurgy, geology, and more. These microscopes now offer improved performance at very low landing voltage and high -beam probe current stability, combined with a routine transmission mode capability that can compete with the (scanning-) transmission electron microscopes (STEM/-TEM) historically run at higher beam accelerating voltage
Download or read book Biological Low Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy written by James Pawley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-03 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Major improvements in instrumentation and specimen preparation have brought SEM to the fore as a biological imaging technique. Although this imaging technique has undergone tremendous developments, it is still poorly represented in the literature, limited to journal articles and chapters in books. This comprehensive volume is dedicated to the theory and practical applications of FESEM in biological samples. It provides a comprehensive explanation of instrumentation, applications, and protocols, and is intended to teach the reader how to operate such microscopes to obtain the best quality images.
Download or read book Liquid Cell Electron Microscopy written by Frances M. Ross and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2.6.2 Electrodes for Electrochemistry
