Download or read book U S GAAP and German HGB A comparative Approach written by Markus Bruetsch and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2003-06-30 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2003 in the subject Business economics - Accounting and Taxes, grade: 1,5 (A), Oxford Brookes University (Business School), course: International Financial Accounting, language: English, abstract: This essay will compare and contrast the accounting systems of Germany and the United States of Amerika. First the single systems, their core concepts and purposes will be introduced. Second, the two core concepts of conservatism and true and vair value will be presented. Both systems will be examined in order to show how they incorporate these concepts and how this might affect the calculation of profits. Where data is available, selected examples from published company accounts will be shown. Finally some short comments on how the systems come closer to each other since several german companies aim for crosslistings in both countries. A conclusion will summarize the main facts. Different accounting systems might come to different results in their calculations of profits. This can be shown by drawing an example from the Siemens AG’s annual report 2000. In their report based on German GAAP (General Accepted Accounting Principles) the net income in 2000 was 7,901 million €. The same calculation based on U.S. GAAP amounts in the F-20 report for the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to 8,860 million € (see figure 1). Now the Question is how come this difference of nearly 14%? Is one system more exact? [...] As we have seen in assignment 1, accounting is not a science. It has been developed to serve a purpose. Accounting systems are influenced by several social and economic factors (Radebaugh and Gray, 1997). [...] It seems that German GAAP and US GAAP have different objectives. Therefore we will analyze the two systems in their national contexts now.

Download or read book The German Financial System written by Jan Pieter Krahmen (editor) and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by a team of scholars, predominantly from the Centre for Financial Studies in Frankfurt, this volume provides a descriptive survey of the present state of the German financial system and a new analytical framework to explain its workings.

Download or read book Principles of Group Accounting under IFRS written by Andreas Krimpmann and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-02 with total page 869 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A professional perspective to implementing IFRS 10, 11, and 12 The new International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 10, 11, and 12 are changing group accounting for many businesses. As business becomes increasingly global, more and more firms will need to transition using the codes and techniques described in Principles of Group Accounting under IFRS. This book is a practical guide and reference to the standards related to consolidated financial statements, joint arrangements, and disclosure of interests. Fully illustrated with a step-by-step case study, Principles of Group Accounting under IFRS is equally valuable as an introductory text and as a reference for addressing specific issues that may arise in the process of consolidating group accounts. The new international standards will bring about significant changes in group reporting, and it is essential for accountants, auditors, and business leaders to understand their implications. Author Andreas Krimpmann is an internationally recognized authority on the transition from GAAP to IFRS, and this new text comes packaged with GAAP/IFRS comparison resources that will help make the changes clear. Other bonus resources include an Excel-based consolidation tool, checklists, and a companion website with the latest information. Learn about: Definitions, requirements, processes, and transition techniques for IFRS 10, 11, and 12 covering group level accounting Practical implementation strategies demonstrated through a clear case study of a midsize group Key concepts related to consolidated financial statements, joint ventures, management consolidation, and disclosure of interests Comparisons between GAAP and IFRS to clarify the required changes for international firms Whatever stage of the consolidation process you are in, you will appreciate the professional perspective in Principles of Group Accounting under IFRS.

Download or read book Consolidated Financial Statements in IAS IFRS and German GAAP Major Differences Explained written by Khanh Pham-Gia and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2009 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2008 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1,3, University of applied sciences, Munich, language: English, abstract: Due to a regulation of the European Union (EU) concerning financial accounting issued on June 6th, 2002, all listed companies in EU are obligated to provide their Consolidated Financial Statements (CFS) in accordance with financial accounting principles of International Accounting Standards (IAS) or International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) from January 1st, 2005. This regulation enables a necessary harmonization of accounting principles within the EU and supports a clear comparability of CFS worldwide. The object of this study is to analyze major differences of CFS in German GAAP and IAS/IFRS. Thereby, variations of both accounting standards are compared and a major difference is explained thoroughly with a concrete example. The major differences of CFS in IAS/IFRS and German GAAP result from different aims of both accounting standards. The German GAAP is strongly based on prudence principle for protection of creditors and authoritative principle (tax accounting based on commercial accounting). In comparison, the IAS/IFRS deliver potential investors realistic and decision useful information about assets, finance, and profit situations of a company (true and fair view / fair presentation principle). These basic principles could be reflected in several key points of the both accounting standards whose differences are clarified in this study. Furthermore, an essential key point of CFS namely the basis of consolidation (contains enterprises included in the consolidation and capital consolidation methods) is illuminated with a concrete example. Hereby, the relation between the control influence of the parent enterprise on its "sub-entities" and the correspondent capital consolidation methods are studied.

Download or read book Wiley IFRS written by Abbas A. Mirza and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-04-05 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A one-stop resource for understanding and applying current International Financial Reporting Standards As the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) makes rapid progress towards widespread acceptance and use of IFRS® (formerly named International Accounting Standards) worldwide, the need to understand these new standards increases. Now fully revised and updated, IFRS® Practical Implementation Guide and Workbook, Third Edition is the straightforward handbook for understanding and adapting the IFRS® standards. This quick reference guide includes easy-to-understand IAS/IFRS®outlines, explanations, and practical insights that greatly facilitate understanding of the practical implementation issues involved in applying these complex standards. Clearly explaining the IASB standards so that even first-time adopters of IFRS® will understand the complicated requirements, the Third Edition presents: Ten recently issued and revised IFRS® standards including business combinations, financial instruments and newly issued IFRS® for SMEs New International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) projects Multiple-choice questions with solutions and explanations to ensure thorough understanding of the complex IFRS®/IAS standards Case studies or "problems" with solutions illustrating the practical application of IFRS®/IAS Excerpts from published financial statements around the world Designed with the needs of the user in mind, IFRS® Practical Implementation Guide and Workbook, Third Edition is an essential desktop reference for accountants and finance professionals, as well as a thorough review guide for the IFRS®/IAS certification exam.

Download or read book A Comparison and Contrast of German and International Financial Reporting Issues Accounting for Pensions IAS 19 Versus German Law written by Stefan Tzschentke and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2007-08 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject Business economics - Accounting and Taxes, grade: 1,7, University of Bayreuth, 52 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Although accounting for company pension schemes is one of the most controversial topics of discussion in the international accounting trade, many investors do not pay it due attention. In future, even more so than now, annual results will be influenced by latent reserves and obligations, resulting from different ways of accounting for pension benefit schemes. German financial statements and those following either IAS or US-GAAP often differ significantly on this point. The International Accounting Standards and the German Commercial Code are based on different principles. Whereas German regulations are dominated by the imperative of the protection of creditors, IAS lay the focus of accounting on a true and fair view of financial statements in order to provide a suitable basis for investment decisions. These divergent priorities are reflected in the accounting for pensions as well. The two main problems in accounting for pensions are the recognition and the appraisal of pension provisions. Eventually both accounting systems face the same problems and each one has a different way of resolving them. On the other hand, HGB and IAS unanimously agree on the fact that company pension schemes that do not require pension provisions, do not represent an accounting problem. The objective of the treatise on hand is the depiction of the difference between IAS and HGB regarding the recognition and accounting for pension as well as the resulting accounting-effects on the balance-sheet. The paper will first try to give an overview of the term 'pensions' as it is used in German law and in the IAS, and then - in the second part of the bases- explain the underlying problematic nature of accounting for pensions. In the third and fourth part the respective regulations, first according to German law an

Download or read book Disclosures in the Financial Statements of Banks and Similar Financial Institutions written by International Accounting Standards Committee and published by . This book was released on with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Globalisation of Accounting Standards written by Jayne Maree Godfrey and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Jayne Godfrey and Keryn Chalmers explore the intricacies of the globalisation of accounting standards - arguably one of the most significant business developments of the wider globalisation process during the past two decades. They examine the key issues and implications of this harmonization of accounting standards from the perspectives of a diverse range of worldwide stakeholders. "Globalisation of Accounting Standards" shows that globalisation approaches differ significantly because countries seek to maintain varying degrees of sovereignty over their regulations. International differences in economic, political, legal, religious and social characteristics also affect globalisation approaches and, in turn, influence national accounting standard-setting agendas. The book explores why countries relinquish their existing national accounting standard-setting regimes to join the global movement. It also seeks to resolve questions such as: To what extent are national incentives altruistic, economic, political or social? Who are the winners and losers in the process? This authoritative book is thoroughly researched and expertly informed. Written by both academics and regulators, it tackles a critical and controversial issue in the globalisation movement. As such, it will be of great interest to a wide-ranging audience including: international, national, private and public sector standard-setters, economic regulators, accounting academics and political economists and strategists.

Download or read book Consolidated financial statements in IAS IFRS and German GAAP Major differences explained written by Khanh Pham-Gia and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2009-07-24 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2008 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1,3, University of applied sciences, Munich, language: English, abstract: Due to a regulation of the European Union (EU) concerning financial accounting issued on June 6th, 2002, all listed companies in EU are obligated to provide their Consolidated Financial Statements (CFS) in accordance with financial accounting principles of International Accounting Standards (IAS) or International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) from January 1st, 2005. This regulation enables a necessary harmonization of accounting principles within the EU and supports a clear comparability of CFS worldwide. The object of this study is to analyze major differences of CFS in German GAAP and IAS/IFRS. Thereby, variations of both accounting standards are compared and a major difference is explained thoroughly with a concrete example. The major differences of CFS in IAS/IFRS and German GAAP result from different aims of both accounting standards. The German GAAP is strongly based on prudence principle for protection of creditors and authoritative principle (tax accounting based on commercial accounting). In comparison, the IAS/IFRS deliver potential investors realistic and decision useful information about assets, finance, and profit situations of a company (true and fair view / fair presentation principle). These basic principles could be reflected in several key points of the both accounting standards whose differences are clarified in this study. Furthermore, an essential key point of CFS namely the basis of consolidation (contains enterprises included in the consolidation and capital consolidation methods) is illuminated with a concrete example. Hereby, the relation between the control influence of the parent enterprise on its “sub-entities” and the correspondent capital consolidation methods are studied.

Download or read book Positive Accounting Theory written by Ross L. Watts and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Preface to International Financial Reporting Standards written by International Accounting Standards Board and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Worldwide Financial Reporting written by George J. Benston and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-04-13 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International accounting standards tend to converge, as do auditing, enforcement and corporate governance, whereas trading of equity shares remains essentially national. The book provides a thorough analysis of what information investors really need, how financial accounting systems developed and their current requirements in major commercial countries, and examines current issues, particularly the benefits and costs a single or multiple accounting standards, the bases for accounting standards, and limitations to accounting disclosure in financial statements.

Download or read book Regulation Light Germany s Entry Standard written by Andreas Beyer and published by Herbert Utz Verlag. This book was released on 2010 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Germany written by International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-06-29 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides assessment of the current state of the implementation of the Basel Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision in Germany. Since the last Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP), German banking supervision has undergone profound changes, with approval of the Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR) and Directive (CRD IV), establishment of the European Banking Authority, and creation of the Single Supervisory Mechanism. The last FSAP (2011) found banking system supervision to be generally sound with some areas in need of improvement—although some of these issues have been addressed, others remain. While supervisory landscape in Germany evolves, it is crucial that supervisors communicate their expectations to banks and develop guidelines and regulations that can be used to substantiate enforceable measures.

Download or read book International Financial Reporting Standards and New Directions in Earnings Management written by Oliveira, Jonas da Silva and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2019-03-22 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fiscal market is an unpredictable torrent of information that modern organizations strive to understand. Business professionals dedicate themselves to understanding uncertain results around economic performance to improve management, reporting standards, and predict trends in financial statements. International Financial Reporting Standards and New Directions in Earnings Management is an essential reference source that discusses identifying the behavioral patterns of managers and the accounting policies they use in different opportunistic circumstances. Featuring research on topics such as earnings quality, risk reports, and investor protection, this book is ideal for regulatory authorities, accountants, impression managers, auditors, academics, students, and researchers seeking coverage on the theoretical, empirical, and experimental studies that relate to the different themes within earnings management.

Download or read book Corporate Governance Matters written by David Larcker and published by FT Press. This book was released on 2020-10-07 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Definitive Guide to High-Performance Corporate Governance Fully updated for the latest research, trends, and regulations, Corporate Governance Matters, Third Edition, offers comprehensive and objective information for everyone seeking to improve corporate governance—from directors to institutional investors to policymakers and researchers. To help you design highly effective governance, David Larcker and Brian Tayan thoroughly examine current options, reviewing what is and isn't known about their impact on organizational performance. Throughout, they take a strictly empirical and non-ideological approach that reflects rigorous statistical and research analysis and real-life examples. They address issues ranging from board structure, processes, operations, and functional responsibilities to institutional investors, outside stakeholders, and alternative forms of governance. New discussions of: Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) activity and ratings Stakeholder interests CEO activism CEO misbehavior Cybersecurity risks Extensively revised coverage of: Executive compensation Leadership and succession planning Director recruitment, evaluation, turnover, and more The authors' balanced approach provides useful tools for making better, more informed decisions on governance.

Download or read book Voluntary Implementation of IFRS in German Non Listed Companies written by Nadine Wiese and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2009-10-27 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2008 in the subject Business economics - Accounting and Taxes, grade: 1,0, University of the West of England, Bristol (Bristol Business School), course: Accounting in Context, language: English, abstract: This report addresses the question whether unlisted German companies should voluntarily adopt IFRS. Benefits for internal as well as external users are discovered including facilitated international comparability and higher quality of financial reports. Furthermore, a comparison reveals that equity figures and volatility are higher under IFRS than under German GAAP. It is discovered that national economic and political circumstances significantly influence reporting practices and thus quality and comparability. Combined with fair value accounting which is of lower reliability as there are no active markets from which values can be derived, IFRS not necessarily seems to be a better alternative compared to German GAAP. Moreover, because IFRS is primarily intended for listed companies and investors’ needs, IFRS only appears to be an alternative for non-listed companies that plan a listing. In general, the complex and costly implementation process must be outweighed thoroughly. If costs prevail other possibilities represent IFRS for SMEs or the continuation of German GAAP.