Download or read book IFC Jobs Study written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This report is the result of an open-source study to assess the direct and indirect effects of private sector activity on job creation. The report examines how and under what conditions the private sector can best contribute to job creation and poverty reduction. The private sector, which provides some 90 percent of jobs in developing countries, must be at the core of any response to this double challenge. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the constraints that private companies face in creating jobs, and the public sector and development finance institutions must help build an environment where these obstacles are removed or minimized. This report aims to help by providing an understanding of how the private sector generates jobs, what constraints limit job creation, and how these problems can be mitigated. "--World Bank Open Knowledge Repository abstract.
Download or read book Jobs and Growth Analytical and Operational Considerations for the Fund written by International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Job creation and growth with inclusion are imperatives that resonate today in every country. While some advanced countries face the challenge of supporting aggregate demand with limited fiscal space in the aftermath of the Great Recession, many countries have to address ways to generate growth and create jobs in the face of the strong ongoing global megatrends of technological change, globalization, and significant shifts in demographic trends. The latter includes rapid population aging in some parts of the world, and the entry of a large number of new workers into the labor force in others. Low female labor force participation represents a significant missed opportunity to strengthen economic development and growth in many countries.
Download or read book Biennial Report on Operations Evaluation written by The World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2013-08-07 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development paradigm has shifted toward private investment, and the private sector has become central in development strategies. There is much to be learned about how to effectively facilitate and mobilize private sector contributions to development. Effective monitoring and evaluation (M and E) systems are critical for learning to catalyze private sector development. In line with this advance, the International Finance Corporation and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency are developing and refining their M and E efforts. In this Biennial Report on Operations Evaluation, the Independent Evaluation Group takes stock of the evolution of the M and E systems in the two organizations, assessing their adequacy, coverage, and quality, as well as their respective results measurement systems. IEG acknowledges progress by the two institutions. IFC has advanced its systems for gathering, analyzing, and applying project information and has strengthened its coverage of indicators that measure results. Information from M and E has become more prominent in its business decisions. However, the institution’s corporate goals are built on indicators of client reach that cannot be solely attributable to IFC, so there is no credible articulation of IFC’s impact. MIGA has introduced self-evaluation of its projects and started gathering some standard development indicators. As a result, individual learning is taking place in the institution. The report shows the importance of IFC and MIGA managements continuing their efforts to deepen M and E and improve their systems. To gain the full benefit of learning from evidence that M and E brings to light, key areas need improvement. IEG offers recommendations for IFC regarding quality, verification of data, and tracing effects. For MIGA, IEG notes that it needs to adapt and streamline its evaluation approach to fit its business practices.
Download or read book Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship and Conflict written by Wim Naudé and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2024-07-05 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook focuses on the complex relationship between entrepreneurship and conflict. Editors Wim Naudé and Bernadette Power construct a broad overview of central research themes in the field, covering states being captured by entrepreneurs, states capturing businesses, entrepreneurship in post-conflict reconstruction, and entrepreneurs in conflict against other entrepreneurs.
Download or read book World Development Report 2013 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-10-15 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jobs provide higher earnings and better benefits as countries grow, but they are also a driver of development. Poverty falls as people work their way out of hardship and as jobs empowering women lead to greater investments in children. Efficiency increases as workers get better at what they do, as more productive jobs appear, and less productive ones disappear. Societies flourish as jobs bring together people from different ethnic and social backgrounds and provide alternatives to conflict. Jobs are thus more than a byproduct of economic growth. They are transformational —they are what we earn, what we do, and even who we are. High unemployment and unmet job expectations among youth are the most immediate concerns. But in many developing countries, where farming and self-employment are prevalent and safety nets are modest are best, unemployment rates can be low. In these countries, growth is seldom jobless. Most of their poor work long hours but simply cannot make ends meet. And the violation of basic rights is not uncommon. Therefore, the number of jobs is not all that matters: jobs with high development payoffs are needed. Confronted with these challenges, policy makers ask difficult questions. Should countries build their development strategies around growth, or should they focus on jobs? Can entrepreneurship be fostered, especially among the many microenterprises in developing countries, or are entrepreneurs born? Are greater investments in education and training a prerequisite for employability, or can skills be built through jobs? In times of major crises and structural shifts, should jobs, not just workers, be protected? And is there a risk that policies supporting job creation in one country will come at the expense of jobs in other countries? The World Development Report 2013: Jobs offers answers to these and other difficult questions by looking at jobs as drivers of development—not as derived labor demand—and by considering all types of jobs—not just formal wage employment. The Report provides a framework that cuts across sectors and shows that the best policy responses vary across countries, depending on their levels of development, endowments, demography, and institutions. Policy fundamentals matter in all cases, as they enable a vibrant private sector, the source of most jobs in the world. Labor policies can help as well, even if they are less critical than is often assumed. Development policies, from making smallholder farming viable to fostering functional cities to engaging in global markets, hold the key to success.
Download or read book The Big Business of Small Enterprises written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2015-02-13 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Bank Group promotes small and medium enterprise (SME) growth through both systemic and targeted interventions. Targeting means focusing benefits on one size-class of firms to the exclusion of others. Targeted support for SMEs is a big business for the World Bank Group, averaging around $3 billion a year in commitments, expenditures, and gross exposure over the 2006-12 period. In the context of broader reforms, such targeted support can be a powerful tool. Targeting SMEs is not an end in itself, but a means to create economies that can employ more people and create more opportunity for citizens to achieve prosperity. A thriving and growing SME sector is associated with rapidly growing economies. A central challenge is to level the economic playing field by ensuring dynamic markets; strengthening market-support institutions; and removing constraints to participation. IEG found that financial sector development can have both a pro-growth and pro-poor impact by alleviating SMEs' financing constraints, enabling new entry of firms and entrepreneurs and better resource allocation. Layered on top of this are targeted forms of assistance; these interventions may build on a foundation of more systemic reforms, may come in tandem with them, or may in fact be a means to build systemic reforms from the bottom up. Any credible justification of targeted support to SMEs must be focused on establishing well-functioning markets and institutions, not simply providing a temporary supply of benefits to a small group of firms during a project's lifespan. Thus, targeted interventions need to leverage resources to produce broader benefits for institutions and markets. To make targeted support for SMEs more effective, the World Bank Group needs to do several things: Clarify its approach to targeted support to SMEs; Enhance the support's relevance and additionality; Institute a tailored research agenda; Strengthen guidance and quality control for such support; Reform MIGA s Small Investment Program.
Download or read book Back to Work written by Omar S. Arias and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What can be done to create more and better jobs in Europe and Central Asia? And should there be specific policies to help workers access those jobs? The authors of this book examine these questions through the lens of two contextual factors: the legacy of centralized planned economies and the mounting demographic pressures associated with rapid aging in some countries and soaring numbers of youth entering the workforce in others. The authors find the following: Market reforms pay off, albeit with a lag, in terms of jobs and productivity. A small fraction of superstar high-growth firms accounts for most of the new jobs created in the region. Skills gaps hinder employment prospects, especially of youth and older workers, because of the inadequate response by the education and training systems to changes in the demand for skills. Employment is hindered by high implicit taxes on formal work and barriers that affect especially women, minorities, youth, and older workers. Low internal labor mobility prevents labor relocation to places with greater job creation potential. Back to Work: Growing with Jobs in Europe and Central Asia asserts that to get more people back to work and to grow with jobs, countries, especially late reformers, need to regain the momentum for economic and institutional reforms that existed before the economic crisis. They should lay the fundamentals to create jobs for all workers, by pushing reforms to create the enabling environment for existing firms to grow, become more productive, or exit the market and let new firms emerge and succeed (or fail fast and cheap). They should also implement policies to support workers so that those workers are prepared to take on the new jobs being created, by having the right skills and incentives, unhindered access to work, and being ready to relocate.
Download or read book World Bank Group Assistance to Low Income Fragile and Conflict Affected States written by The World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2015-05-13 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fragile and conflict-affected states (FCS) have become an important focus of World Bank Group assistance in recent years as recognition of the linkages between fragility, conflict, violence, and poverty has grown. Addressing issues of recurring conflict and political violence and helping build legitimate and accountable state institutions are central to the Bank Group's poverty reduction mission. This evaluation assesses the relevance and effectiveness of World Bank Group country strategies and assistance programs to FCS. The operationalization of the World Development Report 2011: Conflict, Security, and Development (2011 WDR) is also assessed, to see how the framework has been reflected in subsequent analytical work, country assistance strategies, and the assistance programs. The evaluation framework was derived from the concepts and priorities articulated in recent WDRs, policy papers, and progress reports issued by Bank Group management, to draw lessons from FCS. The framework is organized around the three major themes emerging from the 2011 WDR: building state capacity, building capacity of citizens, and promoting inclusive growth and jobs. The evaluation focuses on International Development Association (IDA)-only countries, which are deemed to have certain characteristics such as very low average income and no access to private finance, making them eligible for special finance tools and programs. As the benchmark for measuring results, Bank Group performance is evaluated in 33 fragile and conflict-affected states against that of 31 IDA-only countries that have never been on the FCS list. Six new country case studies; analyses of Bank Group portfolios; human resources and budget data; secondary analysis of IEG evaluations; background studies including those on aid flows, gender, private sector development, and jobs; and surveys of Bank Group staffs and stakeholders are also included in the evaluation.
Download or read book Gender Equality and Responsible Business written by Kate Grosser and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-08 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gender Equality and Responsible Business places gender equality at the heart of the responsible business agenda with the aim of contributing to CSR practice as well as research. Discussion about gender issues in the field of corporate responsibility has focused on workplace issues and corporate boards, which are important areas of work. However, the great benefit of exploring gender issues through a responsible business lens is that this requires us to also examine the wider gender impacts of business in the marketplace – for example, with regard to suppliers, supply chains, and consumers, and with respect to the communities where business operates, and the wider ecological environment – indeed throughout corporate value chains.Through contributions from practitioners in business and civil society, as well as academia, this book broadens the agenda, opening the field to new voices, and facilitates dialogue among and between practitioners and researchers. Contributions within the edited collection elucidate current practice, bring new perspectives, and help us to expand the field of responsible business with regard to gender equality, and beyond.
Download or read book Youth Employment Programs written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-12-17 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first IEG evaluation of World Bank Group support to youth employment, the findings reveal short-term effects, limited positive results, and lack of evidence. The focus is on investment climate, labor market, and skills. An evidence-based, strategic approach using youth-specific, complementary interventions and multisectoral teams is needed.
Download or read book Chinese Engagement in Africa written by Larry Hanauer and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2014-03-12 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines Chinese engagement in Africa, focusing on (1) Chinese and African goals, (2) African perceptions of China, (3) how China has adjusted its policies to address local reactions, and (4) whether the United States and China compete in the region.
Download or read book The American Imperative written by Daniel F. Runde and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2023-02-07 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It’s time for America to get back in the international leadership game. What should our global strategy look like in an age of renewed great power competition? And what must America offer to a newly empowered developing world when we’re no longer the only major player? In The American Imperative, international development expert Daniel Runde makes the case for building a new global consensus through vigorous internationalism and the judicious use of soft power. Runde maps out many of the steps that we need to take––primarily in the non-military sphere––to ensure an alliance of stable and secure, like-minded, self-reliant partner nations in order to prevent rising authoritarian powers such as China from running the world.
Download or read book Building Resilience written by Sri Sekar and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-05-31 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A sustainable path to development has profound consequences for all economic activities and related policies. The mining industry, which provides input to almost every product and service in the world, is highly relevant to the goal of achieving sustainable development in mineral-rich countries and in the global economy. In addition, environmental sustainability is a critical concern for mining companies, whose growth is increasingly affected by climate change. Given the centrality of minerals and metals to our way of living, Building Resilience: A Green Growth Framework for Mobilizing Mining Investment investigates the extent to which the mining industry can contribute to green growth. Despite what ought to be a tight nexus of public and private interest in targeted green sector investment, this report finds that there is a misalignment between mining companies’ investment in climate-sensitive production processes, and policy makers’ efforts to develop a cohesive green economy framework for industry to navigate. The private and public sectors regard the climate agenda and the development of local economic opportunity as separate matters. Neither industry nor government have yet to effectively leverage their climate imperatives and mandates to seize green growth opportunities. To address this misalignment, this report proposes a framework to help mining companies and governments integrate climate change and local economic opportunity activities. Going further, the report offers examples of projects and policies that support green growth: particularly climate-related activities that create scalable economic value and invest in long-lasting green infrastructure.
Download or read book Kuwait written by International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-12-09 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Selected Issues paper discusses the designing and implementing of Kuwait’s fiscal policy for the medium term. Fiscal policy has a major role to play in supporting macrostability and diversification. The fiscal strategy design and implementation on a yearly basis are based on a few key areas such as determining targets or ceilings for major fiscal parameters for a three-year rolling framework with binding next budget year and indicative two outer years, establishing a clear process for expressing policy objectives and their link to expenditure, etc. The illustrative budget sequencing with the fiscal strategy spearheading medium-term fiscal policymaking and linked to the annual budget process would support fiscal policy implementation.
Download or read book Redefining Strategic Routes to Financial Resilience in ASEAN 3 written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2021-12-01 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapid globalization and digitalization have transformed the financial landscape of ASEAN+3—the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the People’s Republic of China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea. Despite impressive reforms, the region faces continued challenges. These include deepening corporate bond markets, coping with cross-border bank concentration risk, reducing dependence on the United States dollar, achieving sustainable infrastructure investments, addressing pension issues, and supporting fintech development. This edited volume highlights the potential for stronger regional financial cooperation to address such challenges. It explores how regional financial cooperation could promote greater financial resilience and stability amid rapid economic and financial development and technological change.
Download or read book A New Development Agenda written by Scott Miller and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2014-03-04 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The link between economic development and state security has been well documented. As policymakers consider that link, the model for international development in the twenty-first century must include both governments and the private sector. In this new report, the CSIS Scholl Chair in International Business and the CSIS Project on Prosperity and Development examine the myriad ways that the private sector can engage emerging markets. Inasmuch as demand for private capital exceeds supply, those economies that enhance investor return and minimize security risk will be most successful in attracting private investment. The report’s authors examine the potential implications of trade, investment, and procurement in propelling economic development and the collaborative efforts of the public and private sectors needed to achieve the desired gains.
Download or read book Research Handbook on Human Rights and Investment written by Yannick Radi and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2018-12-28 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interplay between human rights and investments is a key and complex issue in today’s world. To take stock of this importance and to tackle this complexity, this Research Handbook offers a unique multi-faceted approach. It gathers in-depth contributions which focus on the interplay between human rights and investments in various international legal regimes, economic sectors and regions. It also provides thorough analyses of the various types of accountability that may result from the activities of multinational corporations in relation to human rights. This Research Handbook is intended for practitioners, policy-makers, academics and students eager to understand the interaction between human rights and investments in all its dimensions.
