Download or read book Identifying Credit Constrained Farmers written by Manojit Bhattacharjee and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Are smallholder farmers credit constrained Evidence on demand and supply constraints of credit in Ethiopia and Tanzania written by Balana, Bedru and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-11-13 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Credit constraint is considered by many as one of the key barriers to adoption of modern agricultural technologies, such as chemical fertilizer, improved seeds, and irrigation technologies, among smallholders. Past research and much policy discourse associates agricultural credit constraints with supply-side factors, such as limited access to credit sources or high costs of borrowing. However, demand-side factors, such as risk-aversion and financial illiteracy among borrowers, as well as high transaction costs, can also play important roles in credit-rationing for smallholders. Using primary survey data from Ethiopia and Tanzania, this study examines the nature of credit constraints facing smallholders and the factors that affect credit constraints. In addition, we assess whether credit constraints are gender-differentiated. Results show that demand-side credit constraints are at least as important as supply-side factors in both countries. Women are more likely to be credit constrained (from both the supply and demand sides) than men. Based on these findings, we suggest that policies should focus on addressing both supply- and demand-side credit constraints, including through targeted interventions to reduce risk, such as crop insurance and gender-sensitive policies to improve women’s access to credit.

Download or read book Do credit constraints affect agricultural technology adoption Evidence from Nigeria written by Balana, Bedru and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-09-08 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The agricultural sector in Nigeria is characterized by low productivity that is driven in part by low use of modern agricultural technologies. Poor access to credit is seen by many observers to be one of the key barriers to adoption of these technologies. Literature suggests that credit constraints impede individuals from investing in productivity enhancing agricultural technologies and, thus, poor farmers are unable to engage in high-return agricultural activities. Much policy discourse and research literature associates agricultural credit constraints with supply-side factors, such as farmers not having access to credit sources or high costs of borrowing, and, thus, recommend that such supply-side constraints be addressed to improve smallholders’ access to credit. However, demand-side factors, such as borrower’s risk-averse behavior, financial illiteracy, collateral requirements, or perceived high transactions costs, can also play important roles in credit-rationing for smallholder farmers.

Download or read book Are Smallholder Farmers Credit Constrained written by Bedru Babulo Balana and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Credit constraints and agricultural technology adoption Evidence from Nigeria written by Balana, Bedru and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-08-19 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The agricultural sector in Nigeria is characterized by low productivity that is driven by low use of modern agricultural technologies, such as improved seed, chemical fertilizer, agrochemicals, and agricultural machinery. Poor access to credit is claimed to be one of the key barriers to adoption of these technologies. This study examines the nature of credit constraints among smallholder farmers – whether smallholders are credit constrained or not and the extent to which credit constraints emanate from supply-side or demand-side factors. Using multinomial probit and seeming unrelated simultaneous equations econometric models with data from the 2018/19 Living Standards Measurement Study-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA) for Nigeria, the study investigates the factors affecting credit access and the effects of these credit constraints on adoption of four agricultural technologies – inorganic fertilizer, improved seed, agrochemicals, and mechanization. The results show that about 27 percent of survey households were found to be credit constrained – 12.8 percent due to supply-side factors and 14.2 percent due to demand-side factors. Lack of access to information and communication technology, extension services, and insurance coverage are the major demand-side factors negatively affecting smallholder’s access to credit. Registered land tiles and livestock ownership enhance credit access. Credit constraints manifests themselves differentially on the adoption of different agricultural technologies. While adoption of inorganic fertilizer and improved seed are significantly affected by credit constraints from both the supply and the demand-sides; use of agricultural machinery is affected only by demand-side factors, while use of agrochemicals is not affected from either supply or demand-side credit factors. From a policy perspective, our findings indicate that improving credit access via supply-side interventions alone may not necessarily boost use of modern agricultural technologies by smallholder farmers in Nigeria. Demand-side factors, such as access to information, extension services, and insurance cover, should equally be addressed to mitigate the credit constraints faced by smallholders and increase their adoption of modern agricultural technologies and improve their productivity.

Download or read book Factors Determining Access to Credit Facilities for Farmers in Cherangany Constituency in Trans Nzoia County written by Isaac Mbugua and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2018-05-18 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2013 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, , course: Master of Business Adminstration-Finance, language: English, abstract: It has been postulated that access to credit for farmers has been influenced by a number of factors. It is presumed that there exists a relationship between agriculture productivity and poverty alleviation, and hence the critical need to address inadequate credit facilities in rural areas that are a key constraint to farmers’ investments. Given that the major economic function of financial institutions include addressing the restraints imposed by inadequate access to financial services; it is argued that these institutions are well positioned to dealing with these financial constrains among which include access to credit. Literature review in chapter two revealed that access to credit was a challenge facing farmers in various parts of the globe. Studies indicated that a significant proportion of challenges in the farming industry could be alleviated through the provision of sustainable and easily accessible credit. For this study, data was gathered using questionnaires and was analyzed using Ms-Excel and presented using elementary statistical techniques such frequency tables and charts. After analyzing the findings, the researcher drew conclusions and made recommendations. Areas for further studies were identified as well. Research established that collateral, basic loan requirements and interest rates on loans are key determinants to farmer’s access to credit, deficiency in any of the above factors hindered farmers from getting credit. After assessing the findings of the study, the researcher made recommendations aimed at improving and making it easy for farmers to access credit, e.g. coming up with loan products specifically tailored for farmers and opening of rural branches by financial institutions to bring services closer to farmers.

Download or read book Institutional versus noninstitutional credit to agricultural households in India Evidence on impact from a national farmers survey written by Kumar, Anjani and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A goal of agricultural policy in India has been to reduce farmers’ dependence on informal credit. To that end, recent initiatives have been focused explicitly on rural areas and have had a positive impact on the flow of agricultural credit. But despite the significance of these initiatives in enhancing the flow of institutional credit to agriculture, the links between institutional credit and net farm income and consumption expenditures in India are not very well documented. Using a large national farm household–level dataset and instrumental variables two-stage least squares estimation methods, we investigate the impact of institutional farm credit on farm income and farm household consumption expenditures. Our findings show that in India, formal credit is indeed playing a critical role in increasing both the net farm income and per capita monthly household expenditures of Indian farm families. We also find that, in the presence of formal credit, social safety net programs such as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) may have unintended consequences. In particular, MGNREGA reduces both net farm income and per capita monthly household consumption expenditures. In contrast, in the presence of formal credit, the Public Distribution System may increase both net farm income and per capita monthly household consumption expenditures.

Download or read book The extent of farm credit in the Libyan agricultural sector written by Abdeljalil Ahmed and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2010-07-27 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rural households in Libya are credit constrained, in terms of access and the amount of credit received. Formal banks are the main players in credit market. Despite 44 branches of agricultural banks distributed countrywide, these branches offer a limited number of credit for different purposes every year. The shares of these branches in rural credit market are quite small: agricultural banks provide only 24 % of loans and the other banks, mainly the commercial banks, provide 76 % of loans. However, agricultural credits provided by agricultural banks offer the most favorable terms for those households that have a positive demand on agricultural credit. Households that have no access to agricultural credits on the other hand face the problem of paying a higher interest rate when applying for credit from non-agricultural banks. This study is an investigation on ‘the importance of large credits in Libyan rural-areas, and the main players in the rural-credit market’. This study determines factors affecting access and credit applications in three different locations. In addition, the affect of households, land, and socio-economic characteristics are analyzed using econometric analysis based on primary data collected during field research in the years 2006 and 2007. Empirical results from the data collected from three different regions in Libya confirm that more than half of rural households have no access to credit and around 42% of rural households do not want to participate in loan borrowing or take loans from any financial institutions that charge high interest rate. This is mostly due to religious considerations that prohibit ‘unethical’ interest rates charged by banks. The results clearly indicate that more than 51.85% of the loans taken by households are used to build houses, 33.3% of the loans are used in production inputs, and 9.8% of loans are used for family needs and the remaining 4.9% of loans are used for social events respectively. Research findings indicate that ‘socio-economic characteristics’ of heads of households are important factors increasing the probability of access to credit. Households headed by married men have a higher probability of access to credit compared to households headed by females or bachelors and unmarried women. Heads of households with some years in schooling and a permanent monthly income from off-farm activity have a higher probability of access to credits than other heads who have less education or have no permanent income. Different forms of credit constraints are discussed and comparisons between selected samples are drawn in order to classify constrained and unconstrained households.

Download or read book Farming Systems and Poverty written by John A. Dixon and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2001 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A joint FAO and World Bank study which shows how the farming systems approach can be used to identify priorities for the reduction of hunger and poverty in the main farming systems of the six major developing regions of the world.

Download or read book Credit Access and Credit Constraints of Small Farms in Slovakia written by Marta Paula Bendelová and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The small farmers are increasingly an irreplaceable part of Slovak agriculture. Therefore, it is important to identify their main credit constraints and to analyse their access to credit as this input belongs to one of the main factors of farther development of small, young and family farmers. In other words, their access to credit is crucial for the improvement of the Slovak agricultural sector as a whole. In this paper we specify the main sources of credit for small farmers in Slovakia, why there are some difficulties in credit acquisition and what are the main challenges of Slovak small, young and family farmers.

Download or read book White Gold The Commercialisation of Rice Farming in the Lower Mekong Basin written by Rob Cramb and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-03 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book is about understanding the processes involved in the transformation of smallholder rice farming in the Lower Mekong Basin from a low-yielding subsistence activity to one producing the surpluses needed for national self-sufficiency and a high-value export industry. For centuries, farmers in the Basin have regarded rice as “white gold”, reflecting its centrality to their food security and well-being. In the past four decades, rice has also become a commercial crop of great importance to Mekong farmers, augmenting but not replacing its role in securing their subsistence. This book is based on collaborative research to (a) compare the current situation and trajectories of rice farmers within and between different regions of the Lower Mekong, (b) explore the value chains linking rice farmers with new technologies and input and output markets within and across national borders, and (c) understand the changing role of government policies in facilitating the on-going evolution of commercial rice farming. An introductory section places the research in geographical and historical context. Four major sections deal in turn with studies of rice farming, value chains, and policies in Northeast Thailand, Central Laos, Southeastern Cambodia, and the Mekong Delta. The final section examines the implications for rice policy in the region as a whole.

Download or read book Agricultural Household Models written by Inderjit Singh and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the basic model of an agricultural household that underlies most of the case studies undertaken so far. The model assumes that households are price-takers and is therefore recursive. The decisions modeled include those affecting production and the demand for inputs and those affecting consumption and the supply of labor. Comparative results on selected elasticities are presented for a number of economies. The empirical significance of the approach is demonstrated in a comparison of models that treat production and consumption decisions separately and those in which the decisionmaking process is recursive. The book summarizes the implications of agricultural pricing policy for the welfare of farm households, marketed surplus, the demand for nonagricultural goods and services, the rural labor market, budget revenues, and foreign exchange earnings. In addition, it is shown that the basic model can be extended in order to explore the effects of government policy on crop composition, nutritional status, health, saving, and investment and to provide a more comprehensive analysis of the effects on budget revenues and foreign exchange earnings. Methodological topics, primarily the data requirements of the basic model and its extensions, along with aggregation, market interaction, uncertainty, and market imperfections are discussed. The most important methodological issues - the question of the recursive property of these models - is also discussed.

Download or read book Rural Financial Markets in Rwanda Determinants of Farmer Households Credit Rationing in Formal Credit Markets written by A. Sebakambwe and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study investigates whether farm households in Rwanda are credit constrained, and identifies the main factors that influence formal credit provision. To facilitate this, the study examines the role played by collateral and social capital variables in determining credit constraints. Moreover, the research explores the determinants of classifications into five categories of credit provision and rationing, using a multinomial logit model. The results suggest that most farmers are unconstrained. Empirical evidence supports the importance of collateral and social capital variables for improving access to credit.

Download or read book Near real time welfare and livelihood impacts of an active civil war Evidence from Ethiopia written by Abay, Kibrom A. and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2022-03-01 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ethiopia is currently embroiled in a large-scale civil war that has continued for more than a year. Using unique High-Frequency Phone Survey (HFPS) data, which spans several months before and after the outbreak of the war, this paper provides fresh evidence on the ex durante impacts of the conflict on the food security and livelihood activities of affected households. We use difference-in-differences estimation to compare trends in the outcomes of interest across affected and unaffected regions (households) and before and after the outbreak of the civil war. Seven months into the conflict, we find that the outbreak of the civil war increased the probability of moderate to severe food insecurity by 38 percentage points. Using the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data (ACLED) on households’ exposure to violent conflict, we show that exposure to one additional battle leads to 1 percentage point increase in the probability of moderate to severe food insecurity. The conflict has reduced households’ access to food through supply chain disruptions while also curtailing non-farm livelihood activities. Non-farm and wage related activities were the most affected by the conflict while farming activities were relatively more resilient. Similarly, economic activities in urban areas were much more affected than those in rural areas. These substantial impact estimates, which are likely to be underestimates of the true average effects on the population, constitute novel evidence on the near-real-time impacts of an on-going civil conflict, providing direct evidence on how violent conflict disrupts the functioning of market supply chains and livelihoods activities. Our work highlights the potential of HFPS to monitor active and large-scale conflicts, especially in contexts where conventional data sources are not immediately available.

Download or read book Formal and Informal Institutions Lending Policies and Access to Credit by Small scale Enterprises in Kenya written by Rosemary Atieno and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Rural Finance for Food Security for the Poor written by Manfred Zeller and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A broader role for rural finance for food security. The saving and borrowing behavior of the food-insecure poor. Innovative rural finance for the poor: a food security perspective. Conclusions for research and policy.

Download or read book Agricultural Technologies and Tropical Deforestation written by Arild Angelsen and published by CABI. This book was released on 2001-04-20 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has been developed from a workshop on Technological change in agriculture and tropical deforestation organised by the Center for International Forestry Research and held in Costa Rica in March, 1999. It explores how intensification of agriculture affects tropical deforestation using case studies from different geographical regions, using different agricultural products and technologies and in differing demographic situations and market conditions. Guidance is also given on future agricultural research and extension efforts.