Download or read book Identifying and Understanding the Functional Significance of Cancer Stem Cells in Prostate and Pancreatic Cancer Initiation and Chemoresistance written by Antreas Agop Hindoyan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The functional heterogeneity of cancer phenotypes and responses to therapeutics is a huge obstacle to clinical cures and an intense area of study. A relatively new hypothesis posits the existence of a subpopulation of tumor cells, termed cancer stem cells, which are primarily responsible for tumor propagation and resistance to therapy. Identification of such cells may be important to develop targeted therapies for more effective cancer treatment. This dissertation focuses on the validation and functional study of cancer stem cells associated with human prostate and pancreatic cancers. By leveraging the fact that surgical castration leads to enrichment of stem/progenitor cells in the prostate, we idenitifed CD166 as a novel marker for prostate stem cells. We show that CD166 can further enrich and refine the established prostate stem/progenitor cell and cancer stem cell population in both murine and human systems. While genetic deletion of CD166 would not inhibit the development of the prostate gland or the formation of prostate cancer in our genetically engineered model systems, this protein may serve as an attractive marker for identifying and targeting prostate cancer stem cells. Further attempts were made at identifying stem/progenitor populations for prostate and pancreatic cancer through various discovery and targeted approaches. We found that Lgr5, a marker of stem cells in the gut and skin, is not expressed in prostate and pancreatic epithelial tissue, but only in prostatic stroma. Novel surface markers such as CD138 were found to be highly upregulated in pancreatic tumors, but specificity for cancer stem cells was lacking. Lastly, we studied the functional role of cancer stem cells in gemcitabine therapy resistance in a human pancreatic cancer model. We found that the PI3K and ubiquitin-mediated proteosomal degradation pathways can be used to stratify gemcitabine treatment response in patient tumors. Inhibition of Skp2 expression and therapeutic treatment with PI3K inhibitors proved to be effective sensitiziers to gemcitabine treatment. Importantly, cancer stem cell content and function did not mediate gemcitabine relapse. As such, our studies reveal the cancer stem cell paradigm may be more complicated and cancer context-dependent, and must be rigorously functionally proven prior to clinical adoption.

Download or read book Cancer Stem Cells in Solid Tumors written by Alison L. Allan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-08-12 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The “cancer stem cell” hypothesis postulates that cancer arises from a subpopulation of tumor-initiating cells or cancer stem cells (CSCs). While the idea of cancer stem cells has been around for more than a hundred years, evidence from the fields of hematology and cancer biology has now demonstrated the critical role of stem cells in hematological malignancies and suggested that these same mechanisms are also central to the initiation, progression, and treatment of solid cancers. Clinical and experimental studies have shown that CSCs exhibit many classical properties of normal stem cells, including a high self-renewal capacity and the ability to generate heterogeneous lineages; the requirement for a specific “niche”/microenvironment to grow; and an increased capacity for self-protection against harsh environments, toxins, and drugs. Cancer Stem Cells in Solid Tumors represents a detailed overview of cancer stem cells and their role in solid cancers. Comprised of 24 chapters, this volume will provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of this important and evolving field. Topics covered include: Introduction of the CSC hypothesis Historical perspectives and the contributing lessons from leukemia Current knowledge regarding the identification and role of CSCs in various forms of solid cancer including breast, brain, colorectal, pancreatic, prostate, melanoma, lung, ovarian, hepatocellular, and head and neck cancer Molecular pathways involved in driving CSC function, with a particular focus on the novel convergence of embryonic and tumorigenic signaling pathways In vitro and in vivo assays, model systems, and imaging modalities for studying CSCs The clinical importance of CSCs for cancer management and treatment, including important implications for prognosis, prediction, and treatment resistance Consideration of the controversy surrounding the CSC hypothesis and important unanswered questions in this field This collective work was written by a group of prominent international experts in cancer biology, oncology, and/or stem cell biology. It will serve as a valuable resource for established researchers, professors, health care professionals, and students in the medical and scientific community who are investigating stem cells and/or oncology.

Download or read book Cancer Stem Cell Markers and Related Network Pathways written by Shihori Tanabe and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-02 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book entitled “Cancer Stem Cell Markers and Related Network Path-ways” is about cancer stem cell (CSC) markers and the molecular network pathways. CSCs play an important role in the cancer drug resistance, metastasis and recurrence. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is closely related to CSC phenotype. This book covers various aspects of the molecular networks related to CSCs including the important phenotypic change such as EMT. Readers will discover the importance of the identification of CSC markers and EMT-related molecules in CSC network pathways. The CSC signaling pathways and EMT molecular network pathways attract researchers in the field to define the cancer therapeutic targets. Cancer environment is important in the acquisition of CSC phenotype in cells. The revealing of this CSC mystery is across 7 chapters. The topic of this book is particularly relevant to research in the field of cancer and stem cells, as well as the network pathways. We hope that this book helps the readers to be interested in understanding why the CSC concept is important and attractive.

Download or read book Cancer Stem Cells Basic Concept and Therapeutic Implications written by Farhadul Islam and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-26 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprehensively reviews the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in cancer initiation, progression, and resistance to anticancer therapies. The initial chapters examine the methods and procedure of the detection, isolation, and characterization of CSCs. It also introduces various epigenetic pathways that contribute to cancer initiation and tumorigenesis, particularly regarding the maintenance and survival of CSCs. It also explores the role of CSCs metabolism and the mechanisms of metabolic plasticity of CSCs in cancer biology. Further, it also presents the implications of CSCs on the origin of tumor heterogeneity and on heterogeneity of the therapeutic response. Towards the end, this book highlights the different immunotherapeutic approaches targeting CSCs with the potential of strongly improving cancer outcomes. This book offers a broad framework to scientists and clinicians into the state-of-the-art knowledge on cancer stem cell biology and highlights their therapeutic implications. ​

Download or read book Role of Cancer Stem Cells in Cancer Biology and Therapy written by Thomas Dittmar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the latest findings about the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in cancer biology and how this knowledge could be used for novel anticancer therapies. It provides an overview of CSCs in selected malignancies with particular emphasis on hematopoietic neoplasias. It then reviews the role of CSCs in metastasis formation and initiat

Download or read book Cancer Stem Cells New Horizons in Cancer Therapies written by Surajit Pathak and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-17 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the recent developments in the therapeutic implications of cancer stem cells for the effective diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer. It summarizes the various stem cells of common cancers including colon, pancreas, lungs, prostate, melanoma, and glioblastoma, and reviews the potential role of cancer stem cells in tissue aggressiveness, examining the functional contribution of cancer stem cells in the establishment and recurrence of cancerous tumors. Further, it explores the potential of cancer stem cells as novel therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of tumor progression. The book also discusses the various approaches for detecting, isolating, and characterizing different cancer stem cells and signaling pathways that control their replication, survival, and differentiation. Lastly, it explores the key features and mechanisms of drug resistance, chemo-resistance, and radio-resistance in cancer stem cells to improve therapeutic rationale.

Download or read book Stem Cells and Prostate Cancer written by Scott D. Cramer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-12 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ​​​​Recent evidence demonstrates that normal prostate tissue contains stem cells. There is also accumulating evidence that prostate cancer contains a population of cells with stem cell-like characteristics referred to as cancer stem cells, or tumor initiating cells. Both the normal prostate stem cell and cancer stem cell populations have important implications for the generation, therapeutic targeting, and prevention of prostate cancer. The purpose of this book is to explore the role of stem cells in prostate cancer, which is becoming an increasingly hot trend in cancer research. ​

Download or read book Stem Cells and Cancer written by Sadhan Majumder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-07 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer is a primary cause of human mortality worldwide. Despite decades of basic and clinical research, the outcome for most cancer patients is still dismal. Some stumbling blocks to developing effective therapy include the heterogeneity of cancer tissues, the lack of knowledge about the critical molecular mechanisms in cancer tissues (which are typically aberrant compared with mechanisms in normal tissue), and the lack of good mechanism-based therapeutic approaches. The recent findings that most cancers contain a small fraction of self-renewing, differentiation-blocked stem cell-like cells (cancer stem cells) and that it is these cells—and not the major bulk of the tissue—that are the root cause for cancer initiation and metastasis have also highlighted the need to change our approach to cancer therapy. The objectives of this book, therefore, would be to impart up-to-date information about the role of stem cells in the development of normal and cancerous tissue, the mechanisms that differentiate normal from cancerous functions, and the use of these findings in developing mechanism-based therapies.

Download or read book Cancer Stem Cells written by John S. Yu and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2009-07-30 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer is a devastating disease that affects millions of people in the world. Our the- pies for tumors have mostly been based on classical chemotherapy and antiproliferative treatments. More recently, directed therapies against a causative oncogene have led to prominent reduction in tumor rates for some cancers. For instance, chronic myelogenous leukemia that is due to a BCR–ABL translocation can be targeted with Gleevec. Despite these advances in individual tumors, a number of patients are treated for their primary tumors and ultimately relapse. Relapsing tumors can be due to resistance to chemotherapy or to antioncogene drugs. Another hypothesis is that heterogeneity in the tumor leads to an inability of classical chemotherapy to completely eradicate all cells of the tumor. This concept of heterogeneity has led some investigators to propose a cancer stem cell model. As patients are treated with chemotherapy, most of the dividing cells are killed, but this leaves a small subset of cells that have the ability to remake the entire tumor. These are cancer stem cells. They possess the signals of self-renewal and yet can also differentiate. If one could understand more about the cells that remain after classical chemotherapy or the cells that can remake the tumor among the heterogeneous population, this information would have a huge impact on our treatment of cancer.

Download or read book Advances in Cancer Stem Cell Biology written by Roberto Scatena and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-06 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, cancer stem cells have been recognized as important component in carcinogenesis and they seem to form the basis of many (if not all) tumor types. Cancer stem cells or "cancer cell like stem cells" have been isolated from various cancers of different origin (blood, breast, brain, skin, head and neck, thyroid, cervix, lung, retina, colon, pancreas and so on). Cancer stem cells - rare cells with indefinite proliferative potential that drive the formation and growth of tumours- seem to show intriguing relationships with physiological stem cells. Specifically, these cancer cells show significant similarities in the mechanisms that regulate self-renewal of normal stem cells. Moreover, tumour cells might directly arise from normal stem cells. Further, the cellular biology of cancer stem cells show a lot of similarities with normal stem cells.

Download or read book Cancer Stem Cells written by Stanley Shostak and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-08-01 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last thirty years, the foremost inspiration for research on metastasis, cancer recurrence, and increased resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy has been the notion of cancer stem cells.The twenty-eight chapters assembled in Cancer Stem Cells - The Cutting Edge summarize the work of cancer researchers and oncologists at leading universities and hospitals around the world on every aspect of cancer stem cells, from theory and models to specific applications (glioma), from laboratory research on signal pathways to clinical trials of bio-therapies using a host of devices, from solutions to laboratory problems to speculation on cancers' stem cells' evolution. Cancer stem cells may or may not be a subset of slowly dividing cancer cells that both disseminate cancers and defy oncotoxic drugs and radiation directed at rapidly dividing bulk cancer cells, but research on cancer stem cells has paid dividends for cancer prevention, detection, targeted treatment, and improved prognosis.

Download or read book Cancer Stem Cells written by Huiping Liu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-08-16 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer Stem Cells: Targeting the Roots of Cancer, Seeds of Metastasis, and Sources of Therapy Resistance introduces the basic concepts and advanced understanding of cancer stem cells, covering general overviews, organ-specific identifications, and their characteristic mechanisms. The book also explores innovative therapeutic strategies in preclinical and clinical trials to target cancer stem cells, remove the roots of cancer, eliminate the seeds of metastasis, overcome the resistance of therapies, and contribute to the eradication of cancer. The book includes contributions from leading, worldwide experts in the field, helping readers embrace new hope in their quest to eradicate cancer with emerging clinical trials on treating cancer stem cells in combination with other therapies. Provides an authoritative and complete overview of cancer stem cells Includes comprehensive coverage of current therapeutic strategies targeting cancer stem cells Deepens a reader’s technical expertise in cancer stem cell biology

Download or read book Cancer Stem Cells written by Otmar D. Wiestler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-04 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer stem cells have originally been identified in leukemia and later in several solid tumor types. They have very different properties from the bulk of the tumor as they divide much more slowly and have very efficient drug resistance mechanisms. Current treatments might largely spare cancer stem cells. This book looks at recent developments in the field of cancer stem cells and the possible impact for the identification of novel treatment paradigms for cancer.

Download or read book Stem Cells in Cancer Should We Believe or Not written by Enrique Grande and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2014-04-28 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the latest developments in a novel area of molecular biology and a hot topic in the field of oncology: cancer stem cells. These chapters from expert contributing authors present concepts such as the universal stem cell, new molecular pathways, new targeted agents, the different roles that cancer stem cells seem to have according to the organ they are placed in, and the future role that targeting cancer stem cells may have in the management of patients in the clinic. Exploring the latest research including new data from randomized trials, this book examines important proposals over the origin of cancer stem cells such as the possibility that cancer stem cells may arise from mutated stem cells or a fully differentiated cell that may undergo several mutations that drive it back to a stem-like state. The authors consider the role that stem cells seem to have in the onset, development and resistance to classical antitumoral treatments of cancer and discuss possible potential future treatment modalities for the management of advanced cancer patients. The question, "Are stem cells involved in cancer?" may not have a simple answer, but ongoing investigations, in-depth consideration and a broad spectrum of information can be found in this book, allowing the reader to arrive at his or her own answer. This book will appeal to researchers in the field of oncology and cancer research and biomedical scientists with an interest in stem cells.

Download or read book Tumor Organoids written by Shay Soker and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2017-10-20 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer cell biology research in general, and anti-cancer drug development specifically, still relies on standard cell culture techniques that place the cells in an unnatural environment. As a consequence, growing tumor cells in plastic dishes places a selective pressure that substantially alters their original molecular and phenotypic properties.The emerging field of regenerative medicine has developed bioengineered tissue platforms that can better mimic the structure and cellular heterogeneity of in vivo tissue, and are suitable for tumor bioengineering research. Microengineering technologies have resulted in advanced methods for creating and culturing 3-D human tissue. By encapsulating the respective cell type or combining several cell types to form tissues, these model organs can be viable for longer periods of time and are cultured to develop functional properties similar to native tissues. This approach recapitulates the dynamic role of cell–cell, cell–ECM, and mechanical interactions inside the tumor. Further incorporation of cells representative of the tumor stroma, such as endothelial cells (EC) and tumor fibroblasts, can mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment. Collectively, bioengineered tumors create an important resource for the in vitro study of tumor growth in 3D including tumor biomechanics and the effects of anti-cancer drugs on 3D tumor tissue. These technologies have the potential to overcome current limitations to genetic and histological tumor classification and development of personalized therapies.

Download or read book Cancer Stem Cells Theories and Practice written by Applied Research Applied Research Press and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-11-25 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer Stem Cells Theories and Practice does not 'boldly go where no one has gone before!' Rather, Cancer Stem Cells Theories and Practice boldly goes where the cutting edge of research theory meets the concrete challenges of clinical practice. Cancer Stem Cells Theories and Practice is firmly grounded in the latest results on cancer stem cells (CSCs) from world-class cancer research laboratories, but its twenty-two chapters also tease apart cancer's vulnerabilities and identify opportunities for early detection, targeted therapy, and reducing remission and resistance. Chapters include: The Dark Side of Cellular Plasticity: Stem Cells in Development and Cancer, From where do Cancer-Initiating Cells Originate?, Connections between Genomic Instability and Cancer Stem Cells, Cancer Stem Cells as a Result of a Reprogramming-Like Mechanism, Breast Cancer Stem Cells, Glioma Stem Cells: Cell Culture, Markers and Targets for New Combination Therapies, Cancer Stem Cells in Lung Cancer: Distinct Differences between Small Cell and Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinomas, Prostate and Colon Cancer Stem Cells as a Target for Anti-Cancer Drug Development, Importance of Stromal Stem Cells in Prostate Carcinogenesis Process, Cancer Stem Cells and Their Niche, The Stem Cell Niche: The Black Master of Cancer, Cancer Stem Cells Promote Tumor Neovascularization, Potential Signaling Pathways Activated in Cancer Stem Cells in Breast Cancer, Signalling Pathways Driving Cancer Stem Cells: Hedgehog Pathway, MicroRNAs: Small but Critical Regulators of Cancer Stem Cells, MicroRNAs and Cancer Stem Cells in Medulloblastoma, The Rocky Road from Cancer Stem Cell Discovery to Diagnostic Applicability, Drugs that Kill Cancer Stem-like Cells, Cancer Stem Cells as a New Opportunity for Therapeutic Intervention, Targeting Signal Pathways Active in Leukemic Stem Cells to Overcome Drug Resistance, Cancer Stem Cells and Chemoresistance, and Cancer Stem Cells in Drug Resistance and Drug Screening: Can We Exploit the Cancer Stem Cell Paradigm in Search for New Antitumor Agents?

Download or read book Cancer Stem Cells written by Vinagolu K. Rajasekhar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-01-27 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer Stem Cells covers a wide range of topics in cancer stem cell biology, including the functional characteristics of cancer stem cells and how they're generated, where they are localized, the means by which cancer stem cells can be targeted, and how cancer stem cells can be reprogrammed back to normal tissue stem cells. Each chapter begins with a brief historical note and concept summary, followed by a description of the latest basic or clinical advance associated with the topic. Cancer Stem Cells builds systematically from coverage of the basic research stage to an advanced research level, from clinical relevance to therapeutic potential, and will be a valuable resource for professionals in the fields of cancer research and stem cell biology.