Download or read book Identifying and Analyzing Potential Watershed based Water Quality Trading Programs written by David Carlos Roberts and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Quality Trading written by Cy Jones and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2005-11-03 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water-quality trading is a market-based approach that allows a facility to meet its regulatory obligations by using the pollutant reductions created by another facility capable of doing it at a much lower cost. This resource is a practical guide for wastewater treatment plants to use in evaluating the potential for water-quality trading and provides the framework for designing and implementing the trade.
Download or read book Water Quality Trading Assessment Handbook written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Draft Framework for Watershed based Trading written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Watershed Management for Potable Water Supply written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-02-17 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1997, New York City adopted a mammoth watershed agreement to protect its drinking water and avoid filtration of its large upstate surface water supply. Shortly thereafter, the NRC began an analysis of the agreement's scientific validity. The resulting book finds New York City's watershed agreement to be a good template for proactive watershed management that, if properly implemented, will maintain high water quality. However, it cautions that the agreement is not a guarantee of permanent filtration avoidance because of changing regulations, uncertainties regarding pollution sources, advances in treatment technologies, and natural variations in watershed conditions. The book recommends that New York City place its highest priority on pathogenic microorganisms in the watershed and direct its resources toward improving methods for detecting pathogens, understanding pathogen transport and fate, and demonstrating that best management practices will remove pathogens. Other recommendations, which are broadly applicable to surface water supplies across the country, target buffer zones, stormwater management, water quality monitoring, and effluent trading.
Download or read book Lessons for Trading Program Design to Protect Water Quality written by Elaine Marie Brown and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic Modeling of Point to point Source Water Quality Trading in the Upper Passaic Watershed Accounting for Fixed and Variable Costs written by Tianli Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The lack of widespread success in existing water quality trading programs may be attributed, in part, to a limited correspondence between the institutional and hydrologic circumstances in "typical" watersheds and the open-market trading system envisioned in standard economics presentations of pollution trading. This thesis explores two aspects of the disparity between the theory and practice of water quality trading programs using modeling results from a case study of the Non-Tidal Passaic River Basin phosphorus emissions trading program. First, recognizing that hydrological systems and Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) objectives for a particular watershed may be quite complex, the Hung and Shaw (2005) Trading Ratio System (TRS) is broadly interpreted to enable firms to trade allowances upstream and across tributaries within a specified multi-zone management area. Specifically, the possibility of upstream and cross-tributary trading is investigated by modeling a "Management Area" (MA) policy proposed for the Upper -Passaic River Basin TMDL (Obrupta, Niazi, and Kardos, 2008). Second this study raises concern that the canonical theoretical presentation of tradable pollution allowances, in which firms buy and sell pollution allowances based on marginal abatement costs relative to the market determined price, is inappropriate for cost-effectively meeting a TMDL in a typical watershed. Such open-market exchange programs have been effective in settings, such as the U.S. Acid Rain Trading program that are characterized by large numbers of potential traders with heterogeneous abatement technologies across firms, and heterogeneous present capacity to meet standards. However this type of a trading mechanism is less amenable to point-source-to-point- source trading programs characterized by a small number of potential traders in a watershed, with discrete and homogeneous abatement technologies across firms, and most, if not all, firms not having the present capacity to meet the specified standard. In such settings, managers may be reluctant to not upgrade (and buy permits) or to develop excess treatment capacity (and sell permits) because of the relative lack of buyers and sellers in a thin market. Using the Non-Tidal Passaic River Basin phosphorus emissions trading program as a case study, I simulate trading scenarios under different market mechanisms. Based on the simulations of Marginal Cost Trading, cost savings accomplished under an open market mechanism range from 0.59% to 1.04% of total costs relative to the no-trade baseline. Given positive transactions costs, it is unlikely that a vibrant trading market would result in such circumstances, consistent with the disappointing level of water quality trading observed to date. On the other hand, the simulation results of Optimal Trading results suggest that if WWTPs are able to jointly optimize their capital investment levels, the costs savings can increase dramatically (up to 13.10% of the baseline total cost). This cost-saving potential leads to the argument that a structured bilateral trade system in which profitable trading opportunities are identified and implemented with multiyear contracts between firms, would more likely approximate cost-effective outcomes than an open-market, price directed system.
Download or read book Draft Framework for Watershed Based Trading written by Robert Perciasepe and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1998-05 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This framework is a companion to the EPA's effluent trading policy & has been developed to encourage trading & assist in evaluating & designing trading programs. Specifically, the framework provides: background on effluent trading & the benefits it offers; a series of conditions necessary for trading, including those which ensure protection of water quality comparable to the protection that would be provided without trading; a template of issues that facilitates identification & evaluation of trading opportunities; & worksheets/checklists to evaluate whether potential trades meet threshold conditions.
Download or read book Effect of Water Quality Model Uncertainty on the Passaic Total Maximum Daily Load and Water Quality Trading Program for Total Phosphorus written by Josef Sy Kardos and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water quality modeling is a major source of scientific uncertainty in the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) process. The effects of these uncertainties extend to water quality trading programs designed to implement TMDLs. This is the first study to examine the effects of water quality model uncertainty on a nutrient trading program. The method introduced in this study involved application of simple statistical tools to assess the credibility of the uncertainty analysis when compared to observed data. The method's efficiency and practicality directly address a main obstacle that has hindered a wider practice of uncertainty analyses of water quality models. This study identified how water quality model uncertainty affects outcomes related to the Non-Tidal Passaic River Basin TMDL for total phosphorus (TP) and potential trades of TP between wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The TMDL margin of safety was found to be sufficient with respect to attaining dissolved oxygen (DO) surface water quality standards at Dundee Lake, and achieving a 70% reduction in diverted TP load from the Wanaque South intake to the Wanaque Reservoir. Although the TMDL scenario showed greater than 10% probability of exceeding the target for chlorophyll-a (chl-a) at Dundee Lake, the efficacy of TMDL measures was clearly demonstrated when compared directly to actual conditions in the critical drought period of Water Year 2002. The uncertainty analysis found no evidence to suggest that the outcome of trades between WWTPs, as compared with command and control regulation, will significantly increase uncertainty in the attainment of DO surface water quality standards, site-specific chl-a criteria, and reduction targets for diverted TP load at affected potential hot spots in the watershed. Each simulated trading scenario demonstrated parity with or improvement from the baseline at the TMDL critical locations and low risk of hot spots elsewhere. Finally, research on risk communication techniques was synthesized to help the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection in its future public participation efforts on the Passaic water quality trading program. A strategy based on the principles of 'outrage management' was outlined for conducting a public meeting.
Download or read book Assessing Environmental Equivalents for Water Quality Trading written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water quality trading (WQT) is a market-based approach to improve water quality. It is an innovative, voluntary program that connects point source (PS) dischargers who need to reduce their pollutant loads with land managers who could offset those loads with nonpoint source (NPS) reductions to economically achieve water quality improvements in a watershed. The potential issues impeding WQT are its inability to address trading risks and quantify the uncertainty of potential load reduction in trades between PS and NPS. Recent research has also shown that trading information level and transaction costs cause problems in implementing WQT. Therefore, the goals of this study were to quantify the uncertainties of pollutant load reduction and delivery effect for potential trades, to estimate their spatiotemporal variations, and to provide information for stakeholders to reduce intangible costs of WQT. This study simulated agricultural cropland with more than 225 alternative land management practices to identify trends among these scenarios. Both total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads were modeled with SWAT and EUTROMOD for 36 years to analyze the potential load reduction, in-field uncertainty ratio, in-stream delivery ratio, and overall trading ratio (TR) in Lower Kansas watershed, Kansas. The analyses of site-specific effects in both geospatial and temporal aspects were also applied on subbasin level. The variant loading patterns and time distributions of each subbasin showed strong site-specific phenomena. The ANOVA of in-field nutrient load showed significant differences among the design criteria of scenarios. The results also showed a significant delivery and lake effects within the subbasins. The overall TR ranged from 1 to 2.2 or more in different scenarios. The advanced cluster analysis presented a potential method to eliminate the problems involved in fixed TRs while keeping the method simpler than finer-resolution floating TR system. Based on WQT geospatial data model, a three-tier GIS-based web interface Water Quality Trading Information Platform System (WQTIPS) was then developed for WQT information and assessment. A case study demonstrated WQTIPS can provide systematic, spatially information for stakeholders to assess the potential environmental benefit changes from the land management shifts using a simple interface. This study demonstrated that it is possible to automate water-quality trades, use watershed models to minimize trading risk and maximize water-quality benefits, and prioritize among possible trades both spatially and by BMP.
Download or read book Development of Implementation Methods of Water Quality Trading Policy written by Yee Sook Shin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recently promulgated water quality trading (WQT) policy is an innovative approach for achieving water quality standards with flexibility and economic efficiency. The policy allows for the trading of point and nonpoint source pollutant discharges between different locations within a watershed, as long as water quality standards are not violated along the stream. Many pilot programs and projects have generated useful information on how to implement water quality trading, but the number of actual trades is relatively small. The difficulty in determining the equality of trading locations and the uncertainty of nonpoint source pollutant concentrations in streams hinder the implementation of the trading program. The hydrological simulation program-fortran (HSPF) was used to estimate the hydrology and sediment loading throughout the Brush Creek, MO watershed for future land use development scenarios between upstream and downstream locations. Brush Creek does not have a proper monitoring station for calibration and validation of the watershed model. Thus, the Meramec River watershed which drains to the Meramec River near Eureka, MO station (07019000) was selected for input parameter calibration because the watershed contains the Brush Creek watershed as a subbasin. The development scenarios considered include upstream and downstream development from agricultural, forest, and range land to urbanized development with 25, 50, and 75 percent impervious surface through manually modified land use maps. Restoration scenarios would return agricultural areas to range land in both the upstream and downstream locations. Their hydrologic and sediment impacts to the outlet of the watershed were simulated in order to provide an estimate of how this particular land use change might be incorporated into a water quality trade. After sediment calculations for 20 different scenarios were performed in HSPF, equivalent acreages for sediment generation between upstream and downstream locations were developed as potential water quality trading units. Recommended equivalent acreages for the nonimparied and impaired stream cases were provided as references for a trading program manager in order to implement the water quality trading policy.
Download or read book Clean Coastal Waters written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-17 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental problems in coastal ecosystems can sometimes be attributed to excess nutrients flowing from upstream watersheds into estuarine settings. This nutrient over-enrichment can result in toxic algal blooms, shellfish poisoning, coral reef destruction, and other harmful outcomes. All U.S. coasts show signs of nutrient over-enrichment, and scientists predict worsening problems in the years ahead. Clean Coastal Waters explains technical aspects of nutrient over-enrichment and proposes both immediate local action by coastal managers and a longer-term national strategy incorporating policy design, classification of affected sites, law and regulation, coordination, and communication. Highlighting the Gulf of Mexico's "Dead Zone," the Pfiesteria outbreak in a tributary of Chesapeake Bay, and other cases, the book explains how nutrients work in the environment, why nitrogen is important, how enrichment turns into over-enrichment, and why some environments are especially susceptible. Economic as well as ecological impacts are examined. In addressing abatement strategies, the committee discusses the importance of monitoring sites, developing useful models of over-enrichment, and setting water quality goals. The book also reviews voluntary programs, mandatory controls, tax incentives, and other policy options for reducing the flow of nutrients from agricultural operations and other sources.
Download or read book Nutrient Criteria Technical Guidance Manual written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Role of Water Quality Trading in Achieving Clean Water Objectives written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book State Source Water Assessment and Protection Programs Guidance written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Draft Framework for Watershed based Trading written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A New Tool for Water Quality written by Kari Dolan and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
