Download or read book Identify in Breast Cancer Stem Cell Like Cells the Proteins Involved in Non Homologous End Joining DNA Repair written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In breast cancer stem-like cells could contribute not only to the initiation of the cancer but also to recurrence because of the resistance of stem cells to chemo/radiation therapy. From several breast cancer cell lines we have demonstrated the existence of breast cancer stem-like cell subpopulations based on the recognized cell surface markers CD44+/CD24 and ABCG2-mediated Hoechst effiux. After radiation we found that a CD44+/CD24-or low subpopulation showed increased clonogenic survival in MCF-7 and HCC1937 cell lines but not in the MDA-MB231 cell line. However examination of NHEJ activity and expressed proteins of NHEJ did not show any significant difference among the subpopulations suggesting that the increased radiation resistance might not be related to the NHEJ. Furthermore activation of ATM/ATR pathway was significantly different among the subpopulations of MCF-7, HCC1937 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines and these differences in the activation of ATM/ATR pathway may explain the differential radiation resistance of subpopulations.

Download or read book DNA Repair of Cancer Stem Cells written by Lesley A Mathews and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-26 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The existence of ‘cancer stem cells’ (CSCs) has been a topic of heated debate for the last few years within the field of cancer biology. Their continuous characterization in a variety of solid tumors has lead to an abundance of evidence supporting their existence. CSCs are believed to be responsible for resistance against conventional treatment regimes of chemotherapy and radiation, ultimately, leading to metastasis and patient demise. To help aid clinicians, pharmaceutical companies and academic labs investigating how to better kill these highly aggressive cells we have summarized the DNA repair mechanism(s) and their role in the maintenance and regulation of both normal and cancer stem cells. Our book represents a comprehensive investigation into the highly effective DNA repair mechanisms of CSCs and what we need to understand in order to develop more advanced therapies to eradicate them from patients. Currently, there are no other published works entirely on DNA repair and Cancer Stem Cells. In addition, our book provides a comprehensive overview of CSC isolation and characterization from a variety of solid tumor types.

Download or read book Differential Expression of DNA Double Strand Break Repair Proteins in Breast Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two mechanisms that repair DNA double-strand breaks in mammalian cells are homologous recombination and non-homologous DNA end-joining (NHEJ). Previous studies showed that a critical component of the NHEJ pathway, the DNA-activated protein kinase (DNA-PK), was poorly expressed in non-lactating (resting) breast tissue. Therefore, we proposed to identify the mechanisms responsible for regulating levels of non-homologous end-joining DNA repair components in human breast tissue and to measure the DNA double-strand break repair capacity of breast epithelial cells. We reexamined the expression of DNA-PK in human breast tissues by immuno-histochemistry and extended these studies to two other components of the NHEJ repair pathway, XRCC4 and DNA ligase IV, as well as other DNA repair components including NBSl and MRE11. In contrast to the original report, 90% of the epithelial cells in normal resting breast tissues from 10 different patients expressed both components of DNA-PK, DNAPKcs and Ku. In contrast, stromal cells failed to express NHEJ proteins, but a cell line derived from breast stromal tissue did. No polymorphisms were detected in the Ku7O gene of 14 breast cancer patients, but a high frequency fragment length polymorhism was identified in the promoter region of the Ku8O gene from breast cancer patients. We also showed that 11.3% of breast cancer patients amplified the gene for the Wip1 phosphatase that regulates p53 activity. Furthermore, mouse cells lacking the Wip1 gene were resistant to cell transformation, and mice lacking the Wip1 gene were resistant to tumor formation, suggesting that Wip1 is a potential target for anti-cancer drugs.

Download or read book Cell cell Junction Signaling Regulating DNA Double strand Break Repair in Breast Cells written by Sinduja Ethiraj and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genomic instability and acquisition of invasiveness through the basement membrane extracellular matrix (ECM) are two major processes for epithelial cell malignancy in breast cancer. DNA double-strand break repair (DSBR) is one of the processes that get misregulated during breast cancer progression. In addition, radiation induced breaks such as those induced during radiation therapy to treat breast cancer patients are repaired by DSBR, rendering this pathway relevant for therapy as well. DSBR can occur either by homologous recombination (HR) or non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). HR is accepted as the more error-free pathway. HR is regulated by the cell cycle status such that an increase is observed in G2/M, whereas NHEJ is observed throughout the cell cycle. Previous data show that ECM signaling regulates HR, as well as the kinetics of ionizing radiation (IR) induced complex formation at break sites, or foci kinetics. Both human breast epithelial cell lines and primary mouse mammary epithelial cells were used to show that the ECM receptor [beta]1-integrin is necessary and sufficient in down regulating HR, as well as IR induced foci formation kinetics for the DSBR proteins RAD51, MRE11, and [gamma]-H2AX in single mammary epithelial cells. RAD51 is required for most HR, whereas MRE11 and [gamma]-H2AX function in HR as well as DNA damage signaling. Interestingly, ECM signaling up-regulates HR in cells that have "correct" in vivo-like cell-cell junctions. Based on the observation that single cells and junctioned cells respond to ECM in exact opposite manner, I hypothesized that ECM signaling may interact with cell-cell junction signaling pathways in regulating DNA repair. To test this hypothesis, I asked whether the main breast epithelial adherens junction cadherin, E-cadherin, is involved. I blocked E-cadherin function using a monoclonal antibody MB2. The function blocking was demonstrated by the loss of cell-cell junction interactions and observation of increased cell scattering using phase microscopy. I then asked whether blocking E-cadherin altered the expression and localization of proteins related to DNA repair. Indirect immuno-fluorescence showed that in the E-cadherin blocked non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cell line HMT-3522 S1 there is an up-regulation of nuclear [gamma]-H2AX and RAD51, as well as an increase in the proliferation marker Ki67. In non-proliferative MB2 blocked cells there is an upregulation of [gamma]-H2AX and reduced Ki67. Furthermore, in these proliferative and non-proliferative blocked cells we were able to see lower levels of [beta]-catenin near the cell membrane and an increase in its levels inside the cell especially in the nucleus. The latter has been confirmed also by western blot technique comparing the nuclear and cytoplasmic fraction expression. In addition, western blots showed that total RAD51 level was down-regulated by E-cadherin blocking and [gamma]-H2AX levels were found to be higher in proliferative and non-proliferative MB2 treated cells. MB2 treated cells have a higher frequency of HR in the absence of ECM and in the presence of ECM, MB2 blocking abolishes the ECM effect on HR. Furthermore, in the absence of ECM, RAD51 siRNA treated cells down-regulated HR but the absence of RAD51 did not down regulate HR in the presence of ECM. I was not able to see any difference in the phosphorylated forms of [beta]-catenin such as Tyr-142, Ser-45 and Tyr-86 that has the ability to enter into the nucleus. Therefore, E-cadherin was found to block nuclear [beta]-catenin, RAD51 and [gamma]-H2AX in a proliferation-independent manner. E-cadherin also was necessary for ECM to up-regulate HR. The up-regulation of HR by ECM was only slightly dependent on RAD51 suggesting a novel E-cadherin-dependent and RAD51-independent HR component in breast epithelial cells in contact with ECM as they are in vivo in the normal breast tissue. These experiments will help us to understand the role of E-cadherin and [beta]-catenin in DNA double-stand break repair directly, as well as in combination with ECM signaling. Both alterations in integrin mediated signaling and cell-cell junction integrity contribute to breast cancer progression by rendering breast epithelial cells more invasive. My project will shed light on whether these invasive processes also alter DNA repair and contribute to genome stability. Understanding of the interrelationships among integrin signaling, cell-cell junctions, and genome stability will contribute to understanding normal breast cell processes and open up investigations on how these may go awry in cancer progression.

Download or read book Mammary Stem Cells written by Maria del Mar Vivanco and published by Humana. This book was released on 2015-06-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The identification of normal and breast cancer stem cells has offered a new vision of this heterogeneous disease and new hopes for its prognosis and treatment. This volume provides an overview of recent developments in mammary stem cell research and discusses the many varieties of approaches used by researchers to investigate the properties and functions of mammary stem cells. The beginning chapters provide readers with an introduction to mammary stem cells, and the processes used to characterize stem cells and isolate them via fluorescent activated cell sorting. The next few chapters discuss DNA and mRNA sequencing, proteomic techniques to help profile cells, lentiviral cell transduction for gene expression, and in vivo lineage tracing. The final few chapters are dedicated to following stem cells from their initial niche to the new microenvironment at their metastasis site, and to studying these cells using physical and mathematical approaches. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, the chapters include the kind of detailed description and implementation advice that is crucial for getting optimal results in the laboratory. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Mammary Stem Cells: Methods and Protocols aims to help members of the scientific community explore the behavior of stem cells and how to work with them in order to guide the design of new and complimentary strategies to be applied in the clinic with the ultimate end goal of fighting breast cancer.

Download or read book Genome Stability written by Igor Kovalchuk and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-07-17 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genome Stability: From Virus to Human Application, Second Edition, a volume in the Translational Epigenetics series, explores how various species maintain genome stability and genome diversification in response to environmental factors. Here, across thirty-eight chapters, leading researchers provide a deep analysis of genome stability in DNA/RNA viruses, prokaryotes, single cell eukaryotes, lower multicellular eukaryotes, and mammals, examining how epigenetic factors contribute to genome stability and how these species pass memories of encounters to progeny. Topics also include major DNA repair mechanisms, the role of chromatin in genome stability, human diseases associated with genome instability, and genome stability in response to aging. This second edition has been fully revised to address evolving research trends, including CRISPRs/Cas9 genome editing; conventional versus transgenic genome instability; breeding and genetic diseases associated with abnormal DNA repair; RNA and extrachromosomal DNA; cloning, stem cells, and embryo development; programmed genome instability; and conserved and divergent features of repair. This volume is an essential resource for geneticists, epigeneticists, and molecular biologists who are looking to gain a deeper understanding of this rapidly expanding field, and can also be of great use to advanced students who are looking to gain additional expertise in genome stability. A deep analysis of genome stability research from various kingdoms, including epigenetics and transgenerational effects Provides comprehensive coverage of mechanisms utilized by different organisms to maintain genomic stability Contains applications of genome instability research and outcomes for human disease Features all-new chapters on evolving areas of genome stability research, including CRISPRs/Cas9 genome editing, RNA and extrachromosomal DNA, programmed genome instability, and conserved and divergent features of repair

Download or read book DNA Repair in Cancer Therapy written by Mark R. Kelley and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-06-07 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA Repair and Cancer Therapy: Molecular Targets and Clinical Applications, Second Edition provides a comprehensive and timely reference that focuses on the translational and clinical use of DNA repair as a target area for the development of diagnostic biomarkers and the enhancement of cancer treatment. Experts on DNA repair proteins from all areas of cancer biology research take readers from bench research to new therapeutic approaches. This book provides a detailed discussion of combination therapies, in other words, how the inhibition of repair pathways can be coupled with chemotherapy, radiation, or DNA damaging drugs. Newer areas in this edition include the role of DNA repair in chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy, radiation DNA damage, Fanconi anemia cross-link repair, translesion DNA polymerases, BRCA1-BRCA2 pathway for HR and synthetic lethality, and mechanisms of resistance to clinical PARP inhibitors. Provides a comprehensive overview of the basic and translational research in DNA repair as a cancer therapeutic target Includes timely updates from the earlier edition, including Fanconi Anemia cross-link repair, translesion DNA polymerases, chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy, and many other new areas within DNA repair and cancer therapy Saves academic, medical, and pharma researchers time by allowing them to quickly access the very latest details on DNA repair and cancer therapy Assists researchers and research clinicians in understanding the importance of the breakthroughs that are contributing to advances in disease-specific research

Download or read book Human Adult Stem Cells written by John Masters and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-06-04 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of volume 7 of Human Cell Culture is to provide clear and precise methods for growing primary cultures of adult stem cells from various human tissues and describe culture conditions in which these adult stem cells differentiate along their respective lineages. The book will be of value to biomedical scientists and of special interest to stem cell biologists and tissue engineers. Each chapter is written by experts actively involved in growing human adult stem cells.

Download or read book Telomeres and Telomerase in Cancer written by Keiko Hiyama and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-18 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Telomerase, an enzyme that maintains telomeres and endows eukaryotic cells with immortality, was first discovered in tetrahymena in 1985. In 1990s, it was proven that this enzyme also plays a key role in the infinite proliferation of human cancer cells. Now telomere and telomerase are widely accepted as important factors involved in cancer biology, and as promising diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets. Recently, role of telomerase in “cancer stem cells” has become another attractive story. Until now, there are several good books on telomere and telomerase focusing on biology in ciliates, yeasts, and mouse or basic sciences in human, providing basic scientists or students with updated knowledge.

Download or read book Protein Phosphorylation in Human Health written by Cai Huang and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-09-06 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 15 chapters on protein phosphorylation and human health written by expert scientists. Covers most important research hot points, such as Akt, AMPK and mTOR. Bridges the basic protein phosphorylation pathways with human health and diseases. Detailed and comprehensive text with excellent figure illustration.

Download or read book DNA Damage and Repair written by A. Castellani and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The First International Congress on DNA Damage and Repair was held in Rome, Italy, July 12-17, 1987. It was organized by the Italian Com mission for Nuclear Alternative Energy Sources. The subject of DNA damage and repair involves almost all the fields ofbidogical sciences. Some of the more prominent ones include carcino genesis, photobiology, radiation biology, aging, enzymology, genetics, and molecular biology. These individual fields have their own interna tional meetings and although the meetings often have sessions devoted to DNA repair, they do not bring together a wide diversity of international workers in the field to exchange ideas. The purpose of the Congress was to facilitate such an exchange among scientists representing many fields of endeavor and many countries. The 37 manuscripts in this volume, presented by the invited spea kers during the four and half days of the Congress, encompass the field of DNA damage and repair. They cover biological systems ranging from mo lecules to humans and deal with damages and repair after treatment of cells with various types of radiations, chemicals, and exogenous and en dogenous oxidative damages. The Congress and its Proceedings are dedicated to two international leaders in the field of DNA damage and repair, Alexander Hollaender of the United States and Adriano Buzzati Traverso of Italy. Hollaender, who died in December 1986, was one of the first investigators to recognize the damage to DNA was important in cell killing and mutagenesis. His early work indicated that cells could recover from radiation injury.

Download or read book DNA Repair and Mutagenesis written by Errol C. Friedberg and published by American Society for Microbiology Press. This book was released on 2005-11-22 with total page 2587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential resource for all scientists researching cellular responses to DNA damage. • Introduces important new material reflective of the major changes and developments that have occurred in the field over the last decade. • Discussed the field within a strong historical framework, and all aspects of biological responses to DNA damage are detailed. • Provides information on covering sources and consequences of DNA damage; correcting altered bases in DNA: DNA repair; DNA damage tolerance and mutagenesis; regulatory responses to DNA damage in eukaryotes; and disease states associated with defective biological responses to DNA damage.

Download or read book Molecular Genetic and Statistical Techniques for Behavioral and Neural Research written by Robert T. Gerlai and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-04-24 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular-Genetic and Statistical Techniques for Behavioral and Neural Research presents the most exciting molecular and recombinant DNA techniques used in the analysis of brain function and behavior, a critical piece of the puzzle for clinicians, scientists, course instructors and advanced undergraduate and graduate students. Chapters examine neuroinformatics, genetic and neurobehavioral databases and data mining, also providing an analysis of natural genetic variation and principles and applications of forward (mutagenesis) and reverse genetics (gene targeting). In addition, the book discusses gene expression and its role in brain function and behavior, along with ethical issues in the use of animals in genetics testing. Written and edited by leading international experts, this book provides a clear presentation of the frontiers of basic research as well as translationally relevant techniques that are used by neurobehavioral geneticists. Focuses on new techniques, including electrocorticography, functional mapping, stereo EEG, motor evoked potentials, optical coherence tomography, magnetoencephalography, laser evoked potentials, transmagnetic stimulation, and motor evoked potentials Presents the most exciting molecular and recombinant DNA techniques used in the analysis of brain function and behavior Written and edited by leading international experts

Download or read book Endonuclease independent LINE 1 Retrotransposition written by Tammy A. Morrish and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Multi Drug Resistance in Cancer written by Rishabha Malviya and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-07-18 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MULTI-DRUG RESISTANCE IN CANCER The book details the mechanisms underlying multi-drug cellular resistance and the targets of novel chemotherapeutic agents. Cancer is a major killer all over the world. Even with all the progress made, chemotherapy is still the mainstay of modern cancer treatment. The progression of the cellular defeat of numerous independent anticancer drugs in terms of their chemical structure is a major barrier to successful chemotherapy. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) is a term for the fact that most cancer patients exhibit this phenomenon. According to the numbers, drug resistance carries the blame for 90% of cancer patient deaths. Refractory cancer and tumor recurrence are common outcomes of prolonged chemotherapy. Because of the prevalence of drug-resistance mutations, the difficulty of treating tumors increases and the therapeutic efficacy of drugs decreases. Multi-Drug Resistance in Cancer: Mechanism and Treatment Strategies contains nine chapters that cover topics such as: studying the mechanics of resistance to drugs by autophagy; studies to delineate the role of efflux transporters; expression of drug transporters; resistance to targeted therapies in breast cancer; advances in metallodrug driven combination treatment for cancer; and use of natural agents for the overcoming of cancer drug resistance. The book aims to provide the latest data on the mechanisms of cellular resistance to anticancer agents currently used in clinical treatment. It provides a better understanding of the mechanisms of MDR and targets of novel chemotherapy agents which should guide future research concerning new effective strategies in cancer treatment. Audience This book is written for pharmaceutical and biomedical scientists and researchers at both the bench and in the clinic who are interested in the mechanisms and strategies for overcoming cancer’s multi-drug resistance.

Download or read book DNA Damage DNA Repair and Disease written by Miral Dizdaroglu and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2020-11-11 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DNA of all organisms is constantly being damaged by endogenous and exogenous sources. Oxygen metabolism generates reactive species that can damage DNA, proteins and other organic compounds in living cells. Exogenous sources include ionizing and ultraviolet radiations, carcinogenic compounds and environmental toxins among others. The discovery of multiple DNA lesions and DNA repair mechanisms showed the involvement of DNA damage and DNA repair in the pathogenesis of many human diseases, most notably cancer. These books provide a comprehensive overview of the interdisciplinary area of DNA damage and DNA repair, and their relevance to disease pathology. Edited by recognised leaders in the field, this two-volume set is an appealing resource to a variety of readers including chemists, chemical biologists, geneticists, cancer researchers and drug discovery scientists.

Download or read book Hormone Action Part A Steroid Hormones written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1975-01-28 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The critically acclaimed laboratory standard, Methods in Enzymology, is one of the most highly respected publications in the field of biochemistry. Since 1955, each volume has been eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. The series contains much material still relevant today - truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life sciences.