Download or read book Identification of Candidate Genes for Survival and Their Use in Predicting Field Performance of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea Gigas Families in Coastal Waters written by Robert Paul Lang and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summer mortality of farmed Pacific oysters causes financial losses for shellfish growers, and selective breeding to improve survival of offspring is a promising way to reduce losses. This dissertation has two objectives to assist the development of tools for use in selective breeding programs. Objective 1: Identify candidate genes for selection and use in predictive assays by examining the transcriptome response to heat shock in gill of heat-shocked (40°C, 1 h) oysters and comparing gene transcription between families with high (>65%) or low (
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Summer Mortality of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea Gigas written by Jean-François Samain and published by Editions Quae. This book was released on 2008-02-13 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mass oyster mortalities have been known for many years throughout the world, but no strictly pathological explication has been found. This book describes how environmental influences, reproduction, stress, genetics, pathogens and temperature contribute to oyster summer mortality in France. An interaction model is derived from the results and recommendations are made for forecasting and managing risk factors.
Download or read book Quantitative and Molecular Genetics of Larval Susceptibility to Vibrio Tubiashii in Pacific Oysters Crassostrea Gigas written by Chao Chen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vibriosis caused by the bacterial pathogen Vibrio tubiashii is one of several factors contributing to mass larval mortalities of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in Pacific Northwest shellfish hatcheries in recent years. Genetically improved strains of the Pacific oyster resistant to V. tubiashii would be highly desirable. This study investigates quantitative and molecular genetics of resistance to V. tubiashii in Pacific oyster larvae that could be used for marker-assisted selection. In experiment 1, we measured the survival of larvae samples from 30 full-sib families under V. tubiashii-free conditions and when exposed to 3 different concentrations of V. tubiashii. We found that heritability of survival was surprisingly high but also variable, depending upon V. tubiashii concentration. We also found strong genotype by environment interactions, meaning families responded differently to changes in the environments. In experiment 2, we scanned the oyster genome for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with V. tubiashii resistance by comparing allele frequencies between two larvae pools: survivors of a laboratory V. tubiashii challenge and contemporary unchallenged controls in each of four full-sib families. In total, we identified 262 SNPs with significantly different allele frequencies between the survivors and the contemporary controls. In experiment 3, we used a tag-base RNA-Seq procedure to quantify transcriptomes of 3 samples for each family: larvae taken at the beginning of the experiment (0-hour control), larvae raised for 12 hours without V. tubiashii (12-hour control), and larvae raised for 12 hours with V. tubiashii (12-hour treatment). We identified 12 differentially expressed genes between resistant and sensitive families. In addition, we confirmed the observation of Taris et al. (2009) that transcriptional differences between resistant and sensitive families exists prior to a bacterial challenge, supporting the hypothesis that difference in resistance to V. tubiashii is due to inherit differences in gene expression rather than differential responses to pathogen challenge. These experiments provide both insight into the biology of larval resistant to V. tubiashii in Pacific oyster, and candidate genes and molecular markers that can be used for marker-assisted selection to develop genetically improved oyster strains resistant to V. tubiashii.
Download or read book Development Evaluation and Application of a Mixed family Selective Breeding Method for the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea Gigas written by Sean Erik Matson and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation develops mixed family selection for Pacific oysters using marker-based pedigree reconstruction. It focuses on improving the efficiency of parentage assignment, determining the optimum life stage to mix oyster families for rearing and selection, comparing mixed-family and separate-family selective breeding in the field, and applying the mixed method to estimate the heritability of shell shape. We developed novel computer software, P-LOCI (available at http://marineresearch.oregonstate.edu/genetics/PLOCI.html), which identifies the most efficient set of codominant markers for assigning parentage, accounting for marker linkage, mating design, null alleles and genotyping error, and found that the most efficient group of loci for assignment is not necessarily comprised of the top individually ranked loci, or best for all populations. We determined the optimum time to mix oyster families for rearing and selection in the field; overall, planting size is the most prudent time to mix families for MFS, due to high variability in family representation produced during larval and nursery stages. Mixing families at stages earlier than this for selection on field traits would require pre-planting genotyping of large samples for estimation of initial family representation, which would add substantial cost, or other special considerations. Rearing mixed family groups of oysters in the field yielded very similar results to rearing the same families separately, (r = 0.817 for two-site average individual weight at harvest), demonstrating it is unlikely associative effects are of great importance in the Pacific oyster. Our results show that the mixed method was well-suited for individual traits and walk-back selection, but would incur higher costs than the separate method to estimate survival with lower precision. Finally, we utilized the mixed method to estimate the heritability of shell shape using midparent-offspring regression; we estimated shell depth heritability as 0.404 ± 0.14 and shell width as 0.287 ± 0.11, nearly equal to the only other study for the Pacific oyster, demonstrating potential for selective breeding on these traits in this U.S. population, and similar results between methods. Overall, we found that mixed-family rearing is viable for Pacific oyster breeding, given some important restrictions.
Download or read book The Influence of Environmental Factors Upon the Growth and Survival of the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea Gigas Thunberg microform written by James R. Brown and published by National Library of Canada. This book was released on 1986 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selection of Genetic Strategies in Pacific Oysters to Maximise Commercial Benefit written by Francis B. Ryan and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of Larval and Juvenile Performance in Inbred and Hybrid Families of Pacific Oysters Crassostrea Gigas written by Sonya Elizabeth Nelson and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The State of the World s Aquatic Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2019-07-24 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conservation, sustainable use and development of aquatic genetic resources (AqGR) is critical to the future supply of fish. The State of the World’s Aquatic Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture is the first ever global assessment of these resources, with the scope of this first Report being limited to cultured AqGR and their wild relatives, within national jurisdiction. The Report draws on 92 reports from FAO member countries and five specially commissioned thematic background studies. The reporting countries are responsible for 96 percent of global aquaculture production. The Report sets the context with a review of the state of world’s aquaculture and fisheries and includes overviews of the uses and exchanges of AqGR, the drivers and trends impacting AqGR and the extent of ex situ and in situ conservation efforts. The Report also investigates the roles of stakeholders in AqGR and the levels of activity in research, education, training and extension, and reviews national policies and the levels of regional and international cooperation on AqGR. Finally, needs and challenges are assessed in the context of the findings from the data collected from the countries. The Report represents a snapshot of the present status of AqGR and forms a valuable technical reference document, particularly where it presents standardized key terminology and concepts.
Download or read book Increased Production of Juvenile Pacific Oysters Crassostrea Gigas Through Supplementary Feeding written by Malcolm R. Brown and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selective Breeding in Aquaculture an Introduction written by Trygve Gjedrem and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-17 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The foundation of quantitative genetics theory was developed during the last century and facilitated many successful breeding programs for cultivated plants and t- restrial livestock. The results have been almost universally impressive, and today nearly all agricultural production utilises genetically improved seed and animals. The aquaculture industry can learn a great deal from these experiences, because the basic theory behind selective breeding is the same for all species. The ?rst published selection experiments in aquaculture started in 1920 s to improve disease resistance in ?sh, but it was not before the 1970 s that the ?rst family based breeding program was initiated for Atlantic salmon in Norway by AKVAFORSK. Unfortunately, the subsequent implementation of selective breeding on a wider scale in aquaculture has been slow, and despite the dramatic gains that have been demonstrated in a number of species, less than 10% of world aquaculture production is currently based on improved stocks. For the long-term sustainability of aquaculture production, there is an urgent need to develop and implement e- cient breeding programs for all species under commercial production. The ability for aquaculture to successfully meet the demands of an ever increasing human p- ulation, will rely on genetically improved stocks that utilise feed, water and land resources in an ef?cient way. Technological advances like genome sequences of aquaculture species, and advanced molecular methods means that there are new and exciting prospects for building on these well-established methods into the future.
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater and Marine Organisms written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bivalve Molluscs written by Elizabeth Gosling and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bivalve Molluscs is an extremely comprehensive book coveringall major aspects of this important class of invertebrates. As wellas being an important class biologically and ecologically, many ofthe bivalves are fished and cultured commercially (e.g. mussels,oysters, scallops and clams) in a multi-billion dollar worldwideindustry. Elizabeth Gosling who has a huge wealth of research, teachingand hands on experience working with bivalves, has written alandmark book that will stand for many years as the standard workon the subject. Chapters in Bivalve Molluscs covermorphology, ecology, feeding, reproduction, settlement andrecruitment, growth, physiology, fisheries, aquaculture, genetics,diseases and parasites, and public health issues. A fullunderstanding of many of these aspects is vital for all thoseworking in bivalve fisheries and culture. An essential purchase for anyone concerned with this importantclass of animals, copies of Bivalve Molluscs should be onthe shelves of biologists, ecologists, environmental scientists,fisheries scientists and personnel within the aquaculture industry.Copies of the book should be available in all libraries andresearch establishments where these subjects are studied ortaught. Elizabeth Gosling is based at the Galway-Mayo Instituteof Technology, Galway, Ireland.
Download or read book Linear Models for the Prediction of Animal Breeding Values written by R. A. Mrode and published by Cab International. This book was released on 2014 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prediction of producing desirable traits in offspring such as increased growth rate or superior meat, milk and wool production is a vital economic tool to the animal scientist. Summarizing the latest developments in genomics relating to animal breeding values and design of breeding programs, this new edition includes models of survival analysis, social interaction and sire and dam models, as well as advancements in the use of SNPs in the computation of genomic breeding values.
Download or read book Genetics of Adaptation written by Rodney Mauricio and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-07-20 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An enduring controversy in evolutionary biology is the genetic basis of adaptation. Darwin emphasized "many slight differences" as the ultimate source of variation to be acted upon by natural selection. In the early 1900’s, this view was opposed by "Mendelian geneticists", who emphasized the importance of "macromutations" in evolution. The Modern Synthesis resolved this controversy, concluding that mutations in genes of very small effect were responsible for adaptive evolution. A decade ago, Allen Orr and Jerry Coyne reexamined the evidence for this neo-Darwinian view and found that both the theoretical and empirical basis for it were weak. Orr and Coyne encouraged evolutionary biologists to reexamine this neglected question: what is the genetic basis of adaptive evolution? In this volume, a new generation of biologists have taken up this challenge. Using advances in both molecular genetic and statistical techniques, evolutionary geneticists have made considerable progress in this emerging field. In this volume, a diversity of examples from plant and animal studies provides valuable information for those interested in the genetics and evolution of complex traits.
Download or read book Selection and Breeding Programs in Aquaculture written by Trygve Gjedrem and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-04-13 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although aquaculture as a biological production system has a long history, systematic and efficient breeding programs to improve economically important traits in the farmed species have rarely been utilized until recently, except for salmonid species. This means that the majority of aquaculture production (more than 90 %) is based on genetically unimproved stocks. In farm animals the situation is vastly different: practically no terrestrial farm production is based on genetically unimproved and undomesticated populations. This difference between aquaculture and livestock production is in spite of the fact that the basic elements of breeding theory are the same for fish and shellfish as for farm animals. One possible reason for the difference is the complexity of reproductive biology in aquatic species, and special consideration needs to be taken in the design of breeding plans for these species. Since 1971 AKVAFORSK, has continuously carried out large scale breeding research projects with salmonid species, and during the latest 15 years also with a number of fresh water and marine species. Results from this work and the results from other institutions around the world have brought forward considerable knowledge, which make the development of efficient breeding programs feasible. The genetic improvement obtained in selection programs for fish and shellfish is remarkable and much higher than what has been achieved in terrestrial farm animals.
