Download or read book Identification and Characterization of Sorghum Bicolor L Moench Lines with Resistance to Preharvest Grain Deterioration written by James Andrew Glueck and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of Grain Sorghum for Physiological and Yield Traits Associated with Drought Tolerance written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is the fourth most important cereal crop grown throughout the semi-arid regions of the world. It is a staple food crop in Africa and Asia, while it is an important feed crop in the United States (US). More recently it is increasingly becoming important as a potential bioenergy feedstock crop around the world. The state of Kansas is the largest producer of grain sorghum in the US and contributes 40% of the total production. Drought is one of the major environmental factors limiting sorghum production in the semi-arid regions of the US, Asia and Africa. It is estimated that global crop losses due to drought stress exceed $10 billion annually. In crop production, drought stress can be classified into pre- or post-flowering. Even though the world collections of sorghum contain over 35,000 accessions, the genetic base currently used in breeding programs is very small (about 3%). Thus, it is important to identify diverse breeding lines for crop improvement. The diversity (association) panel consisting of 300 sorghum lines from all over the world was assembled for trait evaluation and association mapping. In this research these lines were grouped into the five major races (Figure 1) and 10 intermediate races of sorghum. The objectives of the research are to: (i) quantify the performance of the diversity panel under field conditions in Kansas, (ii) identify critical physiological traits affected by drought at both pre- and post-flowering stages of sorghum development, (iii) identify the most sensitive stage to drought stress during the reproductive phase of sorghum development and, (iv) test the feasibility of using a chlorophyll fluorescence assay (CVA) as a tool for identifying stay-green lines in grain sorghum during early stages of crop development. Field experiments were conducted in 2006 and 2007 in two locations in Kansas (Manhattan and Hays) under rain fed and irrigated conditions for the association panel. Objectives (iii) and (iv) were achieved with controlled environment experiments conducted in the greenhouse at the agronomy department, Kansas State University in 2006 and 2007. Results showed that there was large genetic variability among and within different races in the diversity panel for growth, physiological traits and yield components. Some genotypes showed yield stability across the different environments that were investigated. Drought significantly decreased seed number and harvest index across genotypes and races. In grain sorghum the period prior to flowering (panicle initiation) was the most sensitive stage to drought stress, in terms of its effect on seed-set, during reproductive development. A cell viability assay showed that there were significant differences in the loss of cell viability between leaf sample of stay green and non-stay green genotypes when leaf samples are collected in the morning and subjected to high respiratory demand. Therefore the chlorophyll fluorescence assay has potential as a tool for stay green trait screening at early stages of growth in grain sorghum.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sorghum Grain Quality ICRISAT Center Patancheru India 28 31 October 1981 written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of Resistance to Fusarium Stalk Rot in Grain Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench written by Tesfaye Teferra Tesso and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of Grain Mold Resistance in Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench written by Gregory Allan Forbes and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Report of Annual Corn and Sorghum Research Conference written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book In Vitro and Field Based Evaluation for Grain Mold Resistance and Its Impact on Quality Traits in Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench written by Sandeep Singh Tomar and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grain mold (GM) is an important biotic constraint limiting yield and market value of sorghum grains. It results in kernel discoloration and deterioration. Such kernels have reduced seed viability, low food and feed quality. Breeding for grain mold resistance is challenging because of the complex nature of host-pathogen-environment interactions. This complex task could be made simpler by utilizing molecular markers. Utilization of marker resources may help to find genomic regions associated with grain mold resistance. In this study, three sets of field and laboratory based experiments were performed which will help in finding potential grain mold pathogens responsible for kernel deterioration in the studied environment and search for genotypes with better kernel quality and grain mold resistance. In the first part of the study, in vitro screening of 44 grain mold resistant sorghum genotypes developed and released by Texas A & M AgriLife Research. This study was aimed at identifying sources resistance to grain mold infection through laboratory screening. The result revealed that genotypes Tx3371, Tx3373, Tx3374, Tx3376, Tx3407, Tx3400, and Tx3402 were have high level of resistance and were identified as potential sources of grain mold resistance as each showed minimal fungal infection and higher grain quality traits. The second experiment was performed to optimize surface sterilization protocol for the extraction of fungal pathogens from the kernel surface (pericarp) and to study the effect of bleach percentage and time period on pathogen extraction. Seven treatments using sterilized double distilled water (0 % bleach (v/v)) and different bleach (NaOCl) concentrations (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15 %) were used with a time interval of 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 min. Optimized surface sterilization in the range of 7.5 to 15 % bleach (v/v) for 7.5 to 10 min resulted least contamination and fungal genera isolation from the surface of the kernel. The third study was aimed at characterizing genotypes (sorghum association panel) for grain mold pathogen F. thapsinum and by using genome wide association (GWA) tool in order to find genomic regions associated with grain mold resistance. We studied the effect of different agronomic and panicle architecture traits on grain mold incidence and severity. Effects of grain mold on kernel quality traits were also studied. We reported two loci associated with grain mold resistance. Based on first year field screening results, 46 genotypes having grain mold ratings 1-5 (1 = 1% panicle kernel molded; 5 = 50% panicle kernel molded) were selected for a detailed study aimed at understanding grain mold x fungal pathogen interactions to physical and chemical kernel traits. Seed germination test, vigor index, and tetrazolium viability test were performed to study effect of grain mold infection on kernel viability and vigor. Alternaria, Fusarium thapsinum, F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum were the main fungal genera isolated from bisected kernels. Based on two year screening, SC623, SC67, SC621, SC947 and SC1494 were most resistant based on both PGMR and TGMR rating while SC370, SC833, SC1484, and SC1077 showed the most susceptible reaction and this was consistent for individual location analysis. SC309, SC213, SC833, SC971 and SC1047 are genotypes having identified loci for grain mold resistance.
Download or read book Sorghum Science written by R. K. Maiti and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sorghum is one of the five important cereal crops of the world and is used by millions in the semi-arid tropics and also as animal feed in many developed countries. The sorghum grain has excellent yields in the semi-arid tropics under several biotic and abiotic constraints. A good knowledge of sorghum plants and their mechanisms of adaptation in harsh environments will help in the formulation of efficient breeding programmes.
Download or read book Grain Mold Resistance in Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench written by Raul Rodriguez-Herrera and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetic Analysis of the Sorghum Bicolor Stay green Drought Tolerance Trait written by Karen Ruth Harris and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) is the fifth most economically important cereal grown worldwide and is a source of food, feed, fiber and fuel. Sorghum, a C4 grass and a close relative to sugarcane, is adapted to hot, dry adverse environments. Some genotypes of sorghum called stay-green have delayed leaf senescence during grain ripening under drought stress conditions which allows normal grain filling whereas most sorghum lines senesce early under post-anthesis drought. Eight sources of stay-green have been identified in the sorghum germplasm collection, most originating from Sudan and Ethiopia. The diversity of the eight sources of staygreen was analyzed using 55 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers with genome coverage. This analysis showed that the sources of stay-green are quite diverse and can be divided into five groups based on race or working group. Three sources of stay-green have been used to identify 12 major quantitative trait loci (QTL) that modulate this trait. The origin of favorable alleles for stay-green was traced backward to ancestral lines and forward into breeding materials derived from stay-green germplasm. The analysis of the origin of favorable alleles for stay-green helped explain why subsets of stay-green QTL were identified in different studies and provided evidence that there may be more than one favorable allele in the sorghum germplasm for several of the stay-green QTL. Analysis of stay-green breeding lines from three public sorghum-breeding programs revealed that one of the main QTL identified in mapping studies was not being used in the breeding programs (0/13), most likely due to its association with an allele for lemon yellow seeds. In addition, a subset of the regions containing favorable alleles for staygreen from the genotype BTx642 were over represented in stay-green breeding lines. Nearly isogenic lines containing favorable alleles from BTx642 for Stg1, Stg2, Stg3, and Stg4 in a RTx7000 (senescent) background were characterized and each NIL was shown to exhibit a stay-green phenotype. Based in part on this information, fine-mapping of Stg1 was undertaken by crossing the Stg1 NIL to RTx7000. Overall, these results revealed the origin of favorable alleles for stay-green and the current utilization of alleles for stay-green in public breeding programs. In addition, this study identified additional stay-green sources that could be used for further QTL analysis and highlighted the genetic complexity of the stay-green trait.
Download or read book Identification of Genomic Regions of Sorghum Bicolor L Moench Linked to Biofuel related Traits in Grain X Sweet Sorghum Recombinant Inbred Lines written by Amukelani Lacrecia Shiringani and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Genetic Analysis of Stay green a Post flowering Drought Resistance Trait in Grain Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench written by Oswald R. Crasta and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tropical Pest Management written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 1240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sorghum Bibliography 1977 80 written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physiological Genetic and Genomic Analyses of Herbicide Resistance in Grain Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor written by Balaji Aravindhan Pandian and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. bicolor] is a versatile crop with multiple uses, including for food, feed, and fuel. Postemergence (POST) grass weed control continues to be a major challenge in grain sorghum, primarily due to a lack of herbicide options registered for POST use. The 4- hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)- (e.g., mesotrione or tembotrione) and acetolactate synthase (ALS)- inhibitor (e.g., chlorsulfuron) herbicides are used for POST control of a broad-spectrum of weeds including grasses in corn and wheat but not in sorghum, due to crop injury. The development of herbicide-resistant sorghum technology to facilitate broad-spectrum POST weed control can be an economical and viable solution. Previously we have identified four sorghum genotypes, two each resistant to mesotrione (G-1 and G-10), tembotrione (G-200 and G-350) and, one susceptible genotype (S-1) from the sorghum association panel. Further, we found that the genotype S-1 is highly resistant to chlorsulfuron. The objectives of this dissertation were to 1) investigate the inheritance, mechanism, and identify genetic loci conferring resistance to mesotrione and tembotrione, 2) characterize, and investigate the inheritance and mechanism of resistance to chlorsulfuron in grain sorghum. To understand the inheritance of the mesotrione and tembotrione resistance, F1 and F2 progeny were generated by performing crosses using S-1 and G-1, G-10, G-200, or G-350. The F1 and F2 progeny were evaluated for their response to various doses of mesotrione and tembotrione treatment. Likewise, chlorsulfuron dose-response experiments were conducted using S-1 along with BTx623, a susceptible check and also F1 and F2 progeny were generated by crossing S-1 and BTx623. The results of genetic analyses of the F1 and F2 progeny demonstrated that the mesotrione resistance in G-1 and G-10 is a single dominant trait, and while the tembotrione resistance in G-200 and G-350 is a partially dominant polygenic trait. Further, sequencing of HPPD gene, the molecular target of mesotrione and tembotrione in the resistant genotypes, revealed no mutations known to bestow resistance. Additionally, the role of cytochrome P450 (CYP) in metabolizing mesotrione and tembotrione, using CYP-inhibitors, malathion and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) was also assessed. The results indicated a significant reduction in biomass accumulation in sorghum plants pre-treated with malathion or PBO, suggesting the involvement of CYPs in the metabolism of mesotrione and tembotrione. Bulk segregation analysis combined with RNA-Seq (BSR-seq) was used to identify the genomic region associated with mesotrione resistance; however, the sequence analyses was unable to map the resistance gene within a smaller interval. Genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) based quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping revealed three QTLs associated with tembotrione resistance in G-200. The results of the chlorsulfuron dose-response assay indicated that S-1 and F1 progeny were ~20-fold, more resistant to chlorsulfuron relative to BTx623. Segregation of F2 progeny into 3:1 (resistance: susceptibility), suggested that chlorsulfuron resistance in S-1 is a single dominant trait. Sequence analysis of the ALS gene, the molecular target of chlorsulfuron from S-1 revealed no mutations that confer resistance to chlorsulfuron; however, a significant reduction in biomass accumulation was found in plants pre-treated with malathion, indicating that the metabolism of chlorsulfuron contributes to resistance in S-1. Overall, the results of this dissertation provide opportunities to develop herbicide-resistant sorghum hybrids via introgression, which can help effective, POST weed management.
Download or read book National Union Catalog written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 1032 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes entries for maps and atlases.
