Download or read book Identification and Characterization of Novel Oncogenes Located in a Homogeneously Staining Region HSR of Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ESCC written by Di Christina Liu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Identification and Characterization of Cancer Related Genes in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma written by Li Fu and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Identification and Characterization of Cancer-related Genes in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma" by Li, Fu, 付利, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled Identification and characterization of cancer-related genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Submitted by Fu Li For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong in June 2007 Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide and the fourth most common malignancies in China. Previous studies have shown that ESCC is a lethal disease caused by a combination of environmental and genetic risk factors. However, the genetic steps involved in carcinogenesis of ESCC are still unclear. This study aims to identify more ESCC-related genes and to characterize their roles in the tumorigenesis of ESCC. Deletion of chromosome 3p is common in ESCC, suggesting the existence of one or more tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) at this region. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-mass spectrometry-genotyping (SMSG), was applied to investigate loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on 3p in 100 primary ESCC cases with 386 SNP markers. The accuracy of LOH frequency detected by SMSG was further validated by quantitative real-time PCR in five selected SNP loci and the results demonstrated that SMSG is a reliable tool for LOH screening. Four minimal deleted regions (MDRs) at 3p26.3, 3p22, i3p21.3 and 3p14.2 were identified. Absent and down-regulated expression of candidate TSGs from MDRs and other frequent LOH loci, including CHL1, APG7L, PCAF, RBMS3, PLCD1 and CACNA2D3, were detected in primary ESCC tumors and ESCC cell lines. Deletions of MDR-1, 2 and 4 correlated with both advanced tumor stage and poor differentiation in ESCC further strengthened the clinical relevance to these deleted regions. A potential TSG located at 3p22, Phospholipase C-δ1 (PLCD1), was subsequently characterized. Absent expression of PLCD1 was detected in 26/50 (52%) primary ESCCs and 4/9 (44.4%) ESCC cell lines, which was significantly associated with DNA- copy-number loss and promoter hypermethylation (P The majority of ESCC patients presented with advanced/metastatic disease upon diagnosis let us to identify new biomarkers for molecular tumor staging and prognostic evaluation. Differentially expressed proteins among different stages of primary ESCCs and their paired nontumorous tissues were compared by proteomics-based technology. Among 18 differentially expressed proteins, the expression levels of alpha-actinin 4 ii(ACTN4) and 67 kDa laminin receptor (67LR) progressively increased from stage I to III. Clinicopathological correlation study using TMA revealed that ACTN4 overexpression was significantly associated with advanced clinical stage and lymph node metastasis while 67LR overexpression was significantly correlated with advanced clinical stage. In summary, this study provided evidence that more ESCC-associated 3p
Download or read book Identification and Characterization of Tumor Suppressor Gene and Cancer Stemness Gene in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma written by Liyi Zhang and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Identification and Characterization of Tumor Suppressor Gene and Cancer Stemness Gene in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma" by Liyi, Zhang, 張麗儀, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the major histological subtype of esophageal cancer, is one of the most common malignancies with poor prognosis in the world. Despite continued development of diagnosis and treatment, ESCC remains the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Current treatment regimens in ESCC are often characterized by ineffectiveness and poor selectivity. Therapeutic methods directed at cancer-associated genes or cancer stem cells (CSCs) may be effective approaches to cure this deadly cancer. Therefore, this study aims to identify specific ESCC-related genes and cancer stemness genes which help us to develop new targeted agents to achieving objective, long-lasting therapeutic responses in ESCC. To obtain an accurate overview of genetic changes occurring in ESCC patients, our group performed microarray-based mRNA expression profiling and high-throughout transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) to compare differentially expressed genes between ESCC tumors and their corresponding non-tumorous tissues. Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) was considered to be a candidate of primary interest due to significantly reduced expression in both microarray and RNA-Seq data. In this study, we examined the role of PSCA on the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer. Our results showed that PSCA was frequently down-regulated in ESCC. Its expression was negatively regulated by transcription factor SOX5. Also, we provided evidence that down-regulation of PSCA was associated with poor clinical outcomes of patients with ESCC. Both in vitro and in vivo assays revealed that PSCA could arrest cell cycle progression and promote differentiation. To further elucidate the mechanism involved in biological function of PSCA, we performed co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectroscopy to identify proteins that associate with PSCA. This study found that RB1CC1, a key signaling node to regulate cellular proliferation and differentiation, interacted specifically with PSCA both in vitro and in vivo. Binding of PSCA and RB1CC1 in cytoplasm resulted in stabilization and translocation of RB1CC1 into nucleus and then further regulates the crucial cell cycle and differentiation genes. Furthermore, in order to identify the cancer stemness genes specifically expressed in CSCs of ESCC, we utilized gene expression analysis to profile 34 stemness-associated genes in ESCC specimens. Developmental pluripotency associated 4 (DPPA4), a well known pluripotent marker of stem cell, was considered as the best candidate. Our following histopathological study demonstrated that DPPA4 rigorously marked the rare CSCs, in contrast to core stemness factors (OCT4 and SOX2) and previous reported CSC markers (CD90 and CD44), which expressed in a large population of cancer cells. Moreover, the expression of DPPA4 was also found to have prognostic value in ESCC, as the appearance of DPPA4+ cells was significantly associated with poor differentiation, advanced stage and higher incidences of lymph node metastasis. Finally, our functional studies showed that ESCC cells expressing exogenous DPPA4 conferred an enhanced ability to initiate tumor, self-renew, resist chemotherapy and metastasize through lymphatic system. In summary, this study provide evidence indicating that novel tumor suppressor gene PSCA and cancer stemness gene DPPA4 may contribute to the development and pr
Download or read book Identification and Characterization of Tumor Suppressor Gene and Cancer Stemness Gene in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma written by 張麗儀 and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Identification and Characterization of Tumor Suppressive Gene and MicroRNA in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma written by Kar-lok Kong and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book CHARACTERIZATION OF ONCOGENIC written by Qinghui Hu and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Characterization of Oncogenic Function of MicroRNA665 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma" by Qinghui, Hu, 胡庆慧, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has been increasing in incidence, but knowledge of the genetic basis of this disease remains limited. In general, esophageal carcinoma can be divided into two main types: Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma (EAC). The pathogenesis of esophageal carcinoma still remains unclear, although some risk factors like chronic irritation, or chronic inflammation which may be caused by diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or unhealthy lifestyles like smoking have been proved to be related to the carcinogenic process. Diagnosis and treatment for this kind of cancer have continue to develop and evolve, but the 5-year overall survival rate is still relatively low. Therefore, it is clinically important to identify any potential genetic changes which may help us to discover some useful biomarker targets for the further development of more direct and harmless targeted therapy for our esophageal cancer patients. Objectives: In this study, I aimed to identify some potential oncogenic microRNA (miRNA) and to study their clinical meaning in ESCC patients. Methods: Microarray was applied to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in ESCC tumour tissue, compared with corresponding adjacent non-tumour esophageal tissue. One candidate oncogenic miRNA, miR-665, was investigated in the present study. After testing the expression level of miR-665 in ESCC cell lines and patients' samples with RT-PCR, miR-665 stably expressing cells was established using two ESCC cell lines (KYSE30 and KYSE510). Functional characterization was then conducted using in vitro and in vivo assays to examine the effect of miR-665 towards the development of ESCC. Bioinformatic software such as Target Scan was used to generate a list of predicted target genes that may be modulated by miR-665. Results: The high expression of miR-665 has been confirmed in ESCC tissues and cell lines, showing the potential carcinogenic function of miR-665. Ectopic expression of miR-665 also demonstrates its ability to enhance tumour growth and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatic analysis of miR-665 predicted targets showed putative binding sites for miR-665 within the 3'UTR region of NLK. Conclusions: This study has identified a novel miRNA and a related gene which might play an important role in the pathogenesis of ESCC, affecting the cancer process and tumour growth. This may help to find potential new biomarker for the future improvement and development of new treatment of ESCC patients. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5108698 Subjects: Esophagus - Cancer - Genetic aspects Small interfering RNA
Download or read book The Facts on File Dictionary of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering written by Mark L. Steinberg and published by Checkmark Books. This book was released on 2001 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Defines more than 1900 terms, and serves the research needs of both the student and the advanced researcher.
Download or read book Gaseous Molecular Ions written by Eugen Illenberger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1992-05-26 with total page 944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of the matter in our solar system, and, probably, within the whole universe, exists in the form of ionized particles. On the other hand, in our natural environ ment, gaseous matter generally consists of neutral atoms and molecules. Only under certain conditions, such as within the path oflightning or in several technical devices (e. g. gas discharges, rocket engines, etc. ) will some of the atoms and molecules be ionized. It is also believed that the chemistry of the earth's troposphere predomi nantly proceeds via reactions between neutral particles. (The complex system of atmospheric chemistry will be treated in one of the forthcoming volumes to this series. ) Why, then, are ions considered so important that hundreds oflaboratories all over the world (including some of the most prestigious) are involved in research pro grams on ions, covering many different facets, from biochemistry to physics? One may obtain as many different answers as there are research groups busy in this field. There is, however, one simple, common feature which makes it attractive to work with ions: since they carry one or more net elementary charges, they can easily be gui ded, focused or separated by appropriate electric and magnetic fields, and, last but not least, they can easily be detected. Apart from these advantages, which are welcome and appreciated by the researcher, the study of molecular ions can provide insight into very fundamental aspects of the general behavior of molecules.
Download or read book Mesothelioma written by Giovanni Luca Ceresoli and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-19 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an updated review of malignant mesothelioma, including the latest advances in our understanding of its genetic control and molecular biology, as well as pre-clinical and clinical research. It also presents state-of-the-art diagnostic approaches and therapeutic options, and an open discussion on the future prospects for patient management. Malignant mesothelioma is an enormous global health problem related to asbestos exposure. Despite the best efforts of scientists and oncologists, the prognosis for those affected remains poor. Due to anatomical characteristics and non-specific symptoms, the diagnosis of mesothelioma at an early stage is often difficult, while surgery and radiotherapy are only of limited use, even if some multimodality approaches seem promising. In turn, medical treatments are sometimes successful in tumor control, but have little impact on overall survival. However, advances in our understanding of the disease’s biology, together with the availability of new drugs and combinations, make mesothelioma an essential and highly topical field for pre-clinical and clinical studies. This book is subdivided into four parts: epidemiology and preclinical data, diagnosis, therapy, and extrathoracic mesothelioma. It highlights the progress made in a variety of areas – e.g. in vitro and in vivo experimental models, genetics, environment, biomarkers, targeting agents, immunotherapy, metabolic imaging and ongoing clinical trials – and describes the standard clinical management of mesothelioma patients, including those with extra-thoracic localizations. Given its scope, the book offers an invaluable tool for researchers, oncologists and clinicians alike.
Download or read book Natural Fibres and Their Composites written by Vincenzo Fiore and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decades, natural fibers have received growing attention as alternatives to synthetic materials for the reinforcement of polymeric composites. Their specific properties, low price, health advantages, renewability and recyclability make natural fibers particularly attractive for these purposes. Furthermore, natural fibers have a CO2-neutral life cycle, in contrast to their synthetic counterparts. However, natural fibers are also widely known to possess several drawbacks, such as a hydrophilic nature, low and variable mechanical properties, poor adhesion to polymeric matrices, high susceptibility to moisture absorption and low aging resistance. Therefore, extensive research has been conducted on natural fiber-reinforced composites in the last 20 years. In this context, this book presents several interesting papers concerning the use of natural fibers for the reinforcement of polymer-based composites, with a focus on the evaluation of their mechanical performances, ballistic properties, rheological behavior, thermal insulation response and aging resistance in humid or aggressive environments.
Download or read book Yvain written by Chretien de Troyes and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1987-09-10 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The twelfth-century French poet Chrétien de Troyes is a major figure in European literature. His courtly romances fathered the Arthurian tradition and influenced countless other poets in England as well as on the continent. Yet because of the difficulty of capturing his swift-moving style in translation, English-speaking audiences are largely unfamiliar with the pleasures of reading his poems. Now, for the first time, an experienced translator of medieval verse who is himself a poet provides a translation of Chrétien’s major poem, Yvain, in verse that fully and satisfyingly captures the movement, the sense, and the spirit of the Old French original. Yvain is a courtly romance with a moral tenor; it is ironic and sometimes bawdy; the poetry is crisp and vivid. In addition, the psychological and the socio-historical perceptions of the poem are of profound literary and historical importance, for it evokes the emotions and the values of a flourishing, vibrant medieval past.
Download or read book RNA Structure and Folding written by Dagmar Klostermeier and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-10-14 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While structure-function relationships of proteins have been studied for a long time, structural studies of RNA face additional challenges. Nevertheless, with the continuous discovery of novel RNA molecules with key cellular functions and of novel pathways and interaction networks, the need for structural information of RNA is still increasing. This volume provides an introduction into techniques to assess structure and folding of RNA. Each chapter explains the theoretical background of one technique, and illustrates possibilities and limitations in selected application examples.
Download or read book Dictionary of Biotechnology written by J. Coombs and published by Grove's Dictionaries. This book was released on 1992 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Charles Pettigrew First Bishop elect of the North Carolina Episcopal Church written by Bennett H Wall and published by Hassell Street Press. This book was released on 2021-09-10 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book Recent Advances In Retinal Degeneration written by Robert E. Anderson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-03 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The product of perhaps the most important research meeting in the field, this essential text outlines all the latest research in retinal degeneration. Culled from the proceedings of the International Symposium on the subject, the topics in this volume explore the etiology, cellular mechanisms, epidemiology, models and potential therapeutic measures for the blinding diseases of retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration. A must-read for researchers in the field.
Download or read book Macromolecules 2 written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
