Download or read book Identification and Characterization of CD90 Cancer Stem Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma written by Wing-yuen Ho and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book IDENTIFICATION CHARACTERIZAT written by Wing-Yuen Ho and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Identification and Characterization of CD90⁺ Cancer Stem Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma" by Wing-yuen, Ho, 何永源, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most devastating malignancies worldwide with increasing incidences in both developed and developing countries. Survival rates have not been significantly improved over the past decades in spite of advances in detection and therapies for this disease, suggesting that current treatments may target the wrong cells, and miss the cancer stem cells (CSCs). The cancer stem cell hypothesis presents that tumor formation, proliferation and propagation are driven by a rare subpopulation of chemoresistant CSCs that are not killed by conventional therapies and go on to cause disease relapse. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize CSCs in HCC cell lines and human liver tumor specimens using CD90 as a potential marker. The number of CD90+ cells present in HCC cell lines was found to positively correlate with tumorigenicity potentials. Injection of as few as 2,000 sorted CD90+ cells from HCC cell lines resulted in the formation of tumor nodules in nude mice, whereas no tumors formed for CD90ˉcells in the same model. The tumor xenograft generated by injection of CD90+ cells sorted from previous xenograft in a serial xenotransplantation assay exhibited recapitulation of tumor heterogeneity to original primary tumor and consistent proportion of CD90+ and CD90ˉ cells which demonstrated self-renewal and differentiation capacities of CD90+CSCs. CD45ˉCD90+ cells were detected (0.03%-6.2%) in human liver tumor specimens, but were only present in minute quantities in normal, cirrhotic and non-tumorous tissues. More importantly, CD45ˉCD90+ cells sorted from primary HCC tumor also displayed tumorigenicity, self-renewal and lineage differentiation capacities. CD90+CSCs were found to be more resistant to therapeutic drugs compared to CD90- cells, as reflected by the results of enrichment of the CD90+ CSCs and longer survival rates after chemotherapeutic treatment. The high expression of genes, such as OCT4, MRP3, ABCG2, AKT1, BirC5, BCL2, HA and CD44, in CD90+CSCs may mediate chemoresistance. The majority of CD90+ cells co-expressed CD44, another stem cell marker. Blocking CD44 activities by anti-CD44 antibody increased apoptosis of CD90+ CSCs, sensitized CD90+CSCs to chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro, and decreased tumorigenic and metastatic potentials of CD90+CSCs in vivo, indicating that a therapeutic potential of targeting CD44. However side effects may be problematic due to the endogenous expression of CD44 in healthy tissues and normal lymphocytes. To identify novel gene targets specific to liver CSCs, a sensitive RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) technique was used to compare the gene expression profiles between CD90+CSCs sorted from HCC primary tumors and CD90+cells from adjacent non-tumorous tissue (CD90+NTSCs). The up-regulated genes in CD90+CSCs were associated with lipid metabolism, inflammation, and drug resistance. Among the differentially expressed genes, glypican-3 (GPC3) was specifically elevated in CD90+CSCs but not in CD90+NTSCs. Therefore, GPC3 could be a promising gene candidate for HCC therapy as targeting GPC3 should not induce damage to normal liver stem cells. In summary, CD90 is a liver CSCs marker. Identification of CD90+ CSCs in HCC provides new insight into cellular basis of hepatocarcinogenesis, recurrence and metastasis, which opens new avenues for the design of future CSC-targeted therapies. D

Download or read book Identification and Characterization of CD90 Cancer Stem Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma written by Wing-yuen Ho and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Identification and Characterization of Tumorigenic Liver Cancer Stem Progenitor Cells written by Kwai-Yee Stephanie Ma and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Identification and characterization of tumorigenic liver cancer stem/progenitor cells" by Kwai-yee, Stephanie, Ma, 馬桂宜, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled Identification and Characterization of Tumorigenic Liver Cancer Stem/Progenitor Cells Submitted by Stephanie Kwai-Yee Ma For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong July 2007 Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide affecting one million individuals annually. Despite advances in the detection and treatment of the disease, mortality rate remains high because current therapies are limited by the emergence of chemotherapy-resistant cancer cells. Existing chemotherapies against HCC are usually developed against the bulk of the tumor mass, where although they are able to initially shrink the size of the tumor, they fail to eradicate the lesion in full, thus resulting in disease relapse. Recent research efforts in stem cell biology put forth the proposal of a hierarchical "stem cell model of carcinogenesis" which suggests that tumors are organized in a hierarchy of heterogeneous cell populations and that the capability to maintain tumor formation and growth specifically resides in a small population of cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs). The stem cell-like characteristics of these cells and their limited number within the tumor bulk are believed to account for their capability to escape therapies. In this study, we pioneered the identification of an exclusive population of CSCs from human HCC cell lines and xenograft tumors. CD133 expression in cultured cell lines was found to correlate with the ability of the cells to develop tumor in vivo. Functional studies on + - + sorted CD133 and CD133 cells found CD133 cells to be inherently more tumorigenic; showing a greater colony-forming efficiency, higher proliferative output and greater ability to form tumor in vivo. As few as 1000 CD133 cells were sufficient for consistent tumor development in SCID mice while at least 50x as many CD133 cells were necessary to generate a tumor in the same model. Moreover, these cells were found to be endowed with characteristics of stem cells including the preferential expression of "stemness" genes, the ability to self-renew and the ability to differentiate into angiomyogenic-like, non-hepatocyte- like lineages. Further, CD133 was found to be maintained in rare numbers in CD133 induced xenograft tumors and human HCC specimens. In addition, CD133 cells were found to be more resistant to anticancer drugs, doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil; the molecular mechanism by which was mediated via the PI3K/Akt and Bcl-2 survival pathway. Treatment of CD133 cells with an inhibitor specific to AKT1 particularly reduced the expression of 473 136 survival proteins (P-Akt-Ser, P-Bad-Ser, Bcl-2) normally expressed endogenously. In addition, treatment of unsorted cells with both drugs in culture specifically enriched the CD133 subpopulation. Subsequent investigation by 2D-PAGE technique led to the elucidation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) as an additional differentially expressed marker useful for HCC CSC identification. ALDH1A1 was exclusively expressed + + + in the CD133 subpopulation. More importantly, CD133 ALDH1A1 cells displayed significant preferential tumorigenic potential in vitro, when compared with their respective + - - - CD133 ALDH1A1 or CD133 ALDH1A1 counterparts. In summary, our findings provide a previously uncharacterized model of liver tumor biology in

Download or read book Identification and Characterization of Tumorigenic Liver Cancer Stem progenitor Cells written by Kwai-yee Ma (Stephanie) and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Identification and Characterization of Cancer Stem Cells Using Flow Cytometry written by Yasunari Kanda and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identification and Characterization of Cancer Stem Cells Using Flow Cytometry.

Download or read book Cancer Stem Cells written by Federica Papaccio and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cancer Stem Cells Basic Concept and Therapeutic Implications written by Farhadul Islam and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-26 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprehensively reviews the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in cancer initiation, progression, and resistance to anticancer therapies. The initial chapters examine the methods and procedure of the detection, isolation, and characterization of CSCs. It also introduces various epigenetic pathways that contribute to cancer initiation and tumorigenesis, particularly regarding the maintenance and survival of CSCs. It also explores the role of CSCs metabolism and the mechanisms of metabolic plasticity of CSCs in cancer biology. Further, it also presents the implications of CSCs on the origin of tumor heterogeneity and on heterogeneity of the therapeutic response. Towards the end, this book highlights the different immunotherapeutic approaches targeting CSCs with the potential of strongly improving cancer outcomes. This book offers a broad framework to scientists and clinicians into the state-of-the-art knowledge on cancer stem cell biology and highlights their therapeutic implications. ​

Download or read book Functional Characterization of the Role of Cancer Stem Cell Marker Prominin 1 CD133 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma written by 蘇珮瑜 and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cancer Stem Cells written by Sharmila A. Bapat and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 2008-10-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because the concept and discoveries of cancer stem cells are relatively new, scientists and researchers need an introduction to this dynamic area. Cancer Stem Cells presents a consolidated account of the research done to date and recent progresses in the studies of cancer stem cells. Such a presentation facilitates a better understanding of and draws attention to stem cell and cancer biology - two fields that enhance, move, and evolve into each other continuously. It provides an informative study in designing approaches to apply stem cell principles to cancer biology while offering an overview of the challenges in developing combination stem and cancer biology targets for therapeutics. This book serves as a primer for new researchers in the field of cancer biology.

Download or read book Experimental Hepatocarcinogenesis written by M.B. Roberfroid and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The meeting on experimental hepatocarcinogenesis which took place in Spa, Belgium at the end of May 1987 was the Second European Meeting. About 100 scientists, mostly from Europe but also from the United States, met there for three days in a very friendly atmosphere to exchange knowledge and ideas on experimental and human liver carcinogenesis. The main topics discussed during the meeting included general reviews on hepatocarcinogenesis, experimental models of hepa tocarcinogenesis, biology of hepatocarcinogenesis, and in vitro studies in hepatocarcinogenesis. They are all covered by the various chapters of this proceedings volume, which reflects the present state of knowledge in this important field of cancer research. The final aim of that research is to understand the basic mechanisms of carcinogenesis. The liver offers a parti cularly interesting tool to reach such a goal. Indeed, its biochemistry, its morphology, and its physiology are very diverse, but relatively well known. Various protocols have been developed to produce hepatocellular carcinomas or other malignant tumors. Their appearance is most often preceded by phenotypically altered foci and nodules which have been isolated and characterized. The major cell populations of normal, neoplastic, and malignant livers have been cultivated.

Download or read book Hepatocellular Carcinoma written by Yujin Hoshida and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-05 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the current limitations and unmet needs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. It also provides newly emerging concepts, approaches, and technologies to address challenges. Topics covered include changing landscape of HCC etiologies in association with health disparities, framework of clinical management algorithm, new and experimental modalities of HCC diagnosis and prognostication, multidisciplinary treatment options including rapidly evolving molecular targeted therapies and immune therapies, multi-omics molecular characterization, and clinically relevant experimental models. The book is intended to assist collaboration between the diverse disciplines and facilitate forward and reverse translation between basic and clinical research by providing a comprehensive overview of relevant areas, covering epidemiological trend and population-level patient management strategies, new diagnostic and prognostic tools, recent advances in the standard care and novel therapeutic approaches, and new concepts in pathogenesis and experimental approaches and tools, by experts and opinion leaders in their respective fields. By thoroughly and concisely covering whole aspects of HCC care, Hepatocellular Carcinoma serves as a valuable reference for multidisciplinary readers, and promotes the development of personalized precision care strategies that lead to substantial improvement of disease burden and patient prognosis in HCC.

Download or read book Hepatocellular Carcinoma written by Brian I. Carr and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-26 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) used to be regarded as a rare disease. However, the increasing numbers of chronic HCC carriers in the U.S. and subsequent increased incidences of HCC seen in most large medical centers means that it is no longer an uncommon disease for gastroenterologists or oncologists to encounter and its incidence and epidemiology are changing. During this exciting time in the field of HCC basic science and clinical management, many changes are simultaneously occurring at multiple levels of our understanding and management of the disease. Suddenly, there are several new choices of therapy to offer patients. Hepatocellular Carcinoma, 3rd edition addresses this fast-changing disease and gives the reader a clearer understanding of the many mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis of the liver. This comprehensive and detailed review of how to diagnose and treat hepatocellular carcinoma is written by international leaders in the field, covering both clinical treatment choices and the basic science underlying HCC development. Updated and enhanced from the last edition in 2009, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, 3rd edition features 12 new chapters including discussion of molecular markers, molecular hepatocarcinogenesis, microenvironment, heterogeneity, the new and exciting contributions of immunotherapy, and updates on the major effective hepatitis therapies that will transform HCC incidence and perhaps also the therapy. This cutting-edge text is a vital resource and must-have for today’s hepatologists and medical and surgical oncologists. "This is a well written text and should be a good reference book for those who see patients with HCC.." - Practical Gastroenterology "...a useful tool for both physicians and surgeons with a specific interest in the management of patients with HCC." - Digestive and Liver Disease

Download or read book Cancer Stem Cells New Horizons in Cancer Therapies written by Surajit Pathak and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-17 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the recent developments in the therapeutic implications of cancer stem cells for the effective diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer. It summarizes the various stem cells of common cancers including colon, pancreas, lungs, prostate, melanoma, and glioblastoma, and reviews the potential role of cancer stem cells in tissue aggressiveness, examining the functional contribution of cancer stem cells in the establishment and recurrence of cancerous tumors. Further, it explores the potential of cancer stem cells as novel therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of tumor progression. The book also discusses the various approaches for detecting, isolating, and characterizing different cancer stem cells and signaling pathways that control their replication, survival, and differentiation. Lastly, it explores the key features and mechanisms of drug resistance, chemo-resistance, and radio-resistance in cancer stem cells to improve therapeutic rationale.

Download or read book Thy1 CD90 Surface Glycoprotein Sensor of the Microenvironment written by Emanuela Felley-Bosco and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-11-01 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thy1/CD90 is a small and heavily N-glycosylated protein that was first identified on the cell surface of murine thymocytes. Today, it is known to be expressed in several other cell types, including human fetal thymocytes, hematopoietic stem cells, some subsets of fibroblasts, liver stem/progenitor, neurons, glioblastoma, mesothelium precursors and mesothelioma cells. In some tissues, Thy-1/CD90 plays a role in different processes, such as cell adhesion, interaction with extracellular matrix, migration. However, despite the available insights to the function of the molecule, we still require a better understanding of the processes that drive Thy1/CD90 expression and the consequences of its presence in cells, as well as to what extent these functions are conserved between species. The latter is especially relevant when thinking about possible translational studies. In this Research Topic, various aspects covering available and missing knowledge related to the molecular mechanisms controlling Thy1/CD90 expression and its role in physiological and pathological conditions are discussed.

Download or read book DNA Repair of Cancer Stem Cells written by Lesley A Mathews and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-26 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The existence of ‘cancer stem cells’ (CSCs) has been a topic of heated debate for the last few years within the field of cancer biology. Their continuous characterization in a variety of solid tumors has lead to an abundance of evidence supporting their existence. CSCs are believed to be responsible for resistance against conventional treatment regimes of chemotherapy and radiation, ultimately, leading to metastasis and patient demise. To help aid clinicians, pharmaceutical companies and academic labs investigating how to better kill these highly aggressive cells we have summarized the DNA repair mechanism(s) and their role in the maintenance and regulation of both normal and cancer stem cells. Our book represents a comprehensive investigation into the highly effective DNA repair mechanisms of CSCs and what we need to understand in order to develop more advanced therapies to eradicate them from patients. Currently, there are no other published works entirely on DNA repair and Cancer Stem Cells. In addition, our book provides a comprehensive overview of CSC isolation and characterization from a variety of solid tumor types.

Download or read book The Cancer Stem Cell Niche written by Susie Nilsson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-02-09 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cancer Stem Cell Niche, Volume Five in the Advances in Stem Cells and their Niches series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of timely topics, including Acute lymphoblastic leukemia and the bone marrow microenvironment, Stem cell niches in bone and their roles in cancer metastasis, The role of vasculature in cancer stem cell niches, The lung cancer stem cell niche, The prostate cancer stem cell niche: Genetic drivers and therapeutic approaches, Impact of prostate cancer stem cell niches on prostate cancer tumorigenesis and progression, The testicular cancer stem cell niche. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Advances in Stem Cells and their Niches series Includes the latest information on the Cancer Stem Cell Niche