Download or read book Identification and Assessment of Critical Source Areas in an Agricultural Watershed written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study was conducted in the Pleasant Valley Watershed (50 km2) in South Central Wisconsin to better understand sediment transport processes using sediment fingerprinting techniques and watershed-scale modeling. The results of event-based sampling using 210Pbxs, 7Be, and P as tracers indicate that agriculture is the dominant source of suspended sediment in the predominantly agricultural subwatershed, while both stream banks and agriculture are important sources of suspended sediment in the mixed land-use subwatershed. Fine sediment deposition on the stream bed was the dominant process during the smaller storm event; however, resuspension of bed sediment was important during the larger storm event. The use of inorganic tracers to identify sources of fine sediment deposited on the stream bed showed that both stream bank and agriculture are important sources of sediment depending on the location within the watershed. Land use distribution within each subwatershed significantly affected the relative contribution from different sources to fine sediment deposited on the stream bed. Sources of suspended sediment varied temporally and spatially within this watershed. Generally, relative contributions from agriculture were greater during periods of high sediment loading at the watershed outlet, with the exception of snowmelt runoff, during which stream banks were important sources of suspended sediment. Results from watershed-scale modeling, using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), suggest that croplands are the dominant source of sediment and P in this watershed. Conversion of croplands to conservation reserve program grasslands and implementation of no-till practices, in the critical source areas for sediment and P, resulted in significant reduction in sediment and P loading at the subwatershed level. However, reduction in sediment and P loading at the watershed level was not significant. To target best management practices (BMPs) effectively identification of both suspended and bed sediment is needed. In subwatersheds where agriculture is the dominant source of sediment (as determined from sediment fingerprinting), modeling tools (e.g., SWAT, RUSLE2, Wisconsin P-Index) can be used to prioritize areas for BMP implementation. The spatial and temporal variability in sediment transport dynamics within this watershed highlights the complexities involved in linking upland and in-stream sediment transport processes.
Download or read book Review of the New York City Watershed Protection Program written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-12-04 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New York City's municipal water supply system provides about 1 billion gallons of drinking water a day to over 8.5 million people in New York City and about 1 million people living in nearby Westchester, Putnam, Ulster, and Orange counties. The combined water supply system includes 19 reservoirs and three controlled lakes with a total storage capacity of approximately 580 billion gallons. The city's Watershed Protection Program is intended to maintain and enhance the high quality of these surface water sources. Review of the New York City Watershed Protection Program assesses the efficacy and future of New York City's watershed management activities. The report identifies program areas that may require future change or action, including continued efforts to address turbidity and responding to changes in reservoir water quality as a result of climate change.
Download or read book Land governance integrated socio ecosystem and sustainable development written by Chen Zeng and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-06-23 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Conservation Targeting Indices on a Claypan Watershed written by Robert Chan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-point source pollution from agricultural activity is extremely problematic in the U.S. It is responsible for damage to aquatic ecosystems, contamination of drinking water sources, and loss of farm productivity. The Goodwater Creek Experimental Watershed (GCEW) is a claypan watershed in north-central Missouri that is particularly prone to non-point source pollution because it is comprised of soils with very high runoff potentials. Targeting indices are tools that have the potential to reduce nonpoint source pollution by identifying potential areas in watersheds that contribute the most to overall pollutant loads, allowing such areas to be treated with conservation practices. Applying conservation practices to critical areas identified by targeting indices is predicted to greatly reduce contaminants. The objective of this study was to evaluate three targeting indices, the Soil Vulnerability Index (SVI), Conductivity Claypan Index (CCI), and CEAP Conservation Benefits Identifier (CCBI), in terms of their classification of critical areas in the GCEW. The SVI and CCI are intended to identify critical areas most vulnerable to contaminant transport by surface runoff, while the CCBI is designed to identify critical areas that lack sufficient conservation treatment considering their vulnerability to contaminant transport by surface runoff as determined by the SVI. The SVI and CCI were evaluated in the first study by comparing the distribution of watershed vulnerability classifications determined by each, using contingency tables to calculate agreement between critical areas determined by each index, and assessing whether each index identified a known critical area in the watershed. Variability of input parameters in each index was analyzed as a means to explain differences in classification of watershed areas by indices. SSURGO and DEM slopes were used in each index to assess sensitivity to the slope parameter and assess effects of using different slope sources. The CCI consistently identified over twice the amount of potential critical areas identified by the SVI and also classified more of the watershed as moderately high vulnerability. Most of the potential critical areas identified by the SVI, however, were also identified as potential critical areas by the CCI. In comparison with field observations, the CCI was found to identify a known critical area that wasn't identified by the SVI. Analysis of input parameters used by each index found that slope had the most impact in the SVI, while depth to claypan (CD) as well as slope had the most impact in the CCI. The additional variability of the CD parameter used by the CCI resulted in the CCI identifying a greater amount of potential critical areas than the SVI. Planners should consider the effect this limited variability has on SVI classifications in a watershed with a restrictive layer, such as the GCEW, before using it to make decisions about conservation treatment. The CCBI identifies critical areas based on contaminant reductions that can be achieved through additional conservation treatment. In the second study, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model calibrated and validated for the GCEW was used to determine contaminant reductions that could be obtained with additional treatment. While contaminant reductions obtainable through additional treatment according to the CCBI were calculated based on soil vulnerability levels determined using the SVI, soil vulnerability levels were determined using the CCI when the SWAT model was used to determine contaminant reductions obtainable through additional treatment in the GCEW. The CCI was used due to limited variety in watershed vulnerability classifications determined by the SVI using input parameters determined from SWAT model soils data. Contaminant reductions from additional conservation treatment determined from the SWAT model were compared with those associated with the CCBI. The SVI and CCI were used to determine vulnerability levels of cropland HRUs from the SWAT model based on soil type and hydrologic response unit (HRU) data from the model. CCI and SVI classification of HRUs was assessed by testing for correlation between vulnerability levels of cropland HRUs and contaminant loads from cropland HRUs. Significant correlation was only found for vulnerability levels determined using the CCI. Contaminant reductions possible through additional treatment determined from the SWAT model and those associated with the CCBI both increased as vulnerability level increased, and decreased as level of conservation treatment increased. This suggests that the CCBI can be used to identify critical areas in a claypan watershed similar to the GCEW. Contaminant reductions of sediment estimated by the SWAT model were lower on average than those associated with the CCBI, while contaminant reductions of nitrogen and phosphorus estimated by the SWAT model were higher on average than those associated with the CCBI. This result shows that there is uncertainty regarding the values of contaminant reductions obtainable through additional conservation treatment according to the CCBI in the GCEW. Further evaluation of the CCBI is advised before it is used in the GCEW or a similar claypan watershed.
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of a Methodology for Identifying Critical Nonpoint Pollution Areas in Agricultural Watersheds written by Vladimir Novotny and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Innovative Biosystems Engineering for Sustainable Agriculture Forestry and Food Production written by Antonio Coppola and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-19 with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of innovative biosystems engineering for sustainable agriculture, forestry and food production. Focusing on the challenges of implementing sustainability in various contexts in the fields of biosystems engineering, it shows how the research has addressed the sustainable use of renewable and non-renewable resources. It also presents possible solutions to help achieve sustainable production. The Mid-Term Conference of the Italian Association of Agricultural Engineering (AIIA) is part of a series of conferences, seminars and meetings that the AIIA organizes, together with other public and private stakeholders, to promote the creation and dissemination of new knowledge in the sector. The contributions included in the book were selected by means of a rigorous peer-review process, and offer an extensive and multidisciplinary overview of interesting solutions in the field of innovative biosystems engineering for sustainable agriculture.
Download or read book A Manual of Chemical Biological Methods for Seawater Analysis written by Timothy R. Parsons and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to the quantitative analysis of seawater, describing in detail biological and chemical techniques, which are considered to be amongst those most often used by biological oceanographers. The manual provides complete instructions for the addition of reagents and calculation of results with reference material for each method so that the original texts can be consulted if necessary. In general, the techniques require a minimum of prior professional training and methods needing very expensive equipment have been avoided.
Download or read book Clean Coastal Waters written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-17 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental problems in coastal ecosystems can sometimes be attributed to excess nutrients flowing from upstream watersheds into estuarine settings. This nutrient over-enrichment can result in toxic algal blooms, shellfish poisoning, coral reef destruction, and other harmful outcomes. All U.S. coasts show signs of nutrient over-enrichment, and scientists predict worsening problems in the years ahead. Clean Coastal Waters explains technical aspects of nutrient over-enrichment and proposes both immediate local action by coastal managers and a longer-term national strategy incorporating policy design, classification of affected sites, law and regulation, coordination, and communication. Highlighting the Gulf of Mexico's "Dead Zone," the Pfiesteria outbreak in a tributary of Chesapeake Bay, and other cases, the book explains how nutrients work in the environment, why nitrogen is important, how enrichment turns into over-enrichment, and why some environments are especially susceptible. Economic as well as ecological impacts are examined. In addressing abatement strategies, the committee discusses the importance of monitoring sites, developing useful models of over-enrichment, and setting water quality goals. The book also reviews voluntary programs, mandatory controls, tax incentives, and other policy options for reducing the flow of nutrients from agricultural operations and other sources.
Download or read book Handbook for developing watershed plans to restore and protect our waters written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Final Project Report for Identifying Priority Management Zones for Best Management Practice Implementation in Impaired Watersheds written by Greg Wilson and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Typographic, hydrologic, and agronomic factors often combine to make some nonpoint sources contribute a disproportionate amount of pollutants, such as sediments and nutrients, to nearby surface waters. This report is intended to be an operation handbook or manual that provides guidance for watershed practitioners to use in identifying and prioritizing CSAs (Critical Source Areas), defined as portions of the landscape that combine high pollutant loading with a high propensity to deliver runoff to surface waters. Guidance is also provided for delineating PMZs (Priority Management Zones), regions of the watershed targeted for conservation practices that address disproportionate or large pollutant loads.
Download or read book Environmental Chemometrics written by Grady Hanrahan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-11-21 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multivariate, heterogeneous data has been traditionally analyzed using the "one at a time" variable approach, often missing the main objective of discovering the relationships among multiple variables and samples. Enter chemometrics, with its powerful tools for design, analysis, and data interpretation of complex environmental systems. Delineating
Download or read book A Systems Approach for River and River Basin Restoration written by Theodore Endreny and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-05-27 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Communities increasingly find that the water quality, water levels, or some other resource indicator in their river basins do not meet their expectations. This discrepancy between the desired and actual state of the resource leads to efforts in river basin restoration. River basins are complex systems, and too often, restoration efforts are ineffective due to a lack of understanding of the purpose of the system, defined by the system structure and function. The river basin structure includes stocks (e.g., water level or quality), inflows (e.g., precipitation or fertilization), outflows (e.g., evaporation or runoff), and positive and negative feedback loops with delays in responsiveness, all of which function to change or stabilize the state of the system (e.g., the stock of interest, such as water level or quality). External drivers on this structure, together with goals and rules, contribute to how a river basin functions. This book reviews several new research projects to identify and rank the twelve most effective leverage points to address discrepancies between the desired and actual state of the river basin system. This book demonstrates that river basin restoration is most likely to succeed when we change paradigms rather than try to change the system elements, as the paradigm will establish the system goals, structure, rules, delays, and parameters.
Download or read book Water Quality written by Vladimir Novotny and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2002-11-08 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides all new material on urban, industrial, and highway pollution, as well as on management and restoration of streams, lakes, and watershed management techniques. * Includes revised chapters on agricultural diffuse pollution; control of urban, highway, and industrial diffuse pollution; and wetlands considerations. * All regulatory data is up to date, with new material provided on judicial law based on significant decisions made in recent years.
Download or read book The Watershed Project Management Guide written by Thomas E. Davenport and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-08-28 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A key question for individuals involved in managing watersheds is, "What is an effective process that will integrate science, policy, and public participation in order to help manage water resources effectively?" The Watershed Project Management Guide presents a four-phase approach to watershed management that is based on a collaborative process th
Download or read book Integrated Soil and Water Management Selected Papers from 2016 International SWAT Conference written by Karim Abbaspour and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-03-15 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Integrated Soil and Water Management: Selected Papers from 2016 International SWAT Conference" that was published in Water
Download or read book Tools for Assessing Phosphorus Loss from Nordic Agriculture written by Edited by: Goswin Heckrath, Marianne Bechmann, Petri Ekholm, Faruk Djodjic, Barbro Ulén, Hans Estrup Andersen and Preben Olsen and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2005-11-01 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
