Download or read book Ice nucleation activity in biological materials with examples from Antarctic plants written by M.R. WORLAND and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biological Ice Nucleation and Its Applications written by Richard E. Lee and published by American Phytopathological Society. This book was released on 1995 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing from a variety of disciplines, this book includes coverage of frost sensitivity of plants, winter survival of certain insects, screening for food pathogens, and biological control.
Download or read book Trends in Antarctic Terrestrial and Limnetic Ecosystems written by D.M. Bergstrom and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-04 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Antarctic provides a suite of scenarios useful for investigating the range of climate change effects on terrestrial and limnetic biota. The purpose of the book is to provide, based on the most up to date knowledge, a synthesis of the likely effects of climate change on Antarctic terrestrial and limnetic ecosystems and, thereby, to contribute to their management and conservation, based on the information.
Download or read book Life in the Frozen State written by Barry J. Fuller and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-05-10 with total page 699 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While it is barely 50 years since the first reliable reports of the recovery of living cells frozen to cryogenic temperatures, there has been tremendous growth in the use of cryobiology in medicine, agriculture, horticulture, forestry, and the conservation of endangered or economically important species. As the first major text on cryobiolog
Download or read book Current Antarctic Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science written by Oklahoma Academy of Science and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. 1-49 are Proceedings of the 1st-57th annual meetings.
Download or read book Antarctic Bibliography written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Immersion Freezing of Non proteinaceous Biological Aerosol Proxies Arctic Ambient Temperatures written by Kimberly M. Cory and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) are particulates that initiate atmospheric freezing in the temperature range between 0°C and approximately -40°C. Bioaerosols are organic materials, such as bacteria, plants, fungi, and/or archaea, that are dispersed into the atmosphere, in solid or liquid phase, causing ice to form at temperatures as high as -1°C. These particles play an important role in climate science because they alter microphysical properties of a cloud and chemical composition of cloud particles and precipitation. However, the research done on INPs has overlooked the potential for biological influences. There are many sources from which these bioaerosols can come; for example, the aerosols can come from the ocean through the bubble bursting process, river and lakes, areas plagued with drought and heavy winds, or even within the snow in regions that coincide with low temperatures. This study attempted to close that gap in knowledge by researching the ice nucleating capabilities of cellulose and particles collected in the world’s northern most town. The first study is the laboratory-based study to characterize ice nucleation efficiencies of several different cellulose samples, and whether the ice nucleation efficiency is dependent on the physical size of the particle. For cellulose, the project focused on nine laboratory-generated samples that were used as proxies to generate a solution that allowed no interference from other cellulose samples. The nine samples were grouped into two categories, normally microcrystalline (Microcrystalline Cellulose, Fibrous cellulose, [alpha]-cellulose, and Arbo-cellulose) and nanocrystalline (Nanocrystalline cellulose, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl Cellulose Nanofibers short length, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl Cellulose Nanofibers standard length, Carboxymethylation Cellulose Nanofibers gel, Carboxymethylation Cellulose Nanofibers powder). To test ice nucleation efficiency, the experiments were run on a Cryogenic Refrigerator Applied Freezing Test (CRAFT) at the National Institute of Polar Research (NiPR) and at West Texas A&M University (WTAMU). In the cellulose project, the results showed that the microcrystalline cellulose did not have a clear distinct difference in ice nucleation as compared to the nanocrystalline. This indicated that the ice nucleation efficiency was not dependent on the size of the particle, which opposes the previous observation that the microcrystalline cellulose is more active than the nanocrystalline cellulose materials. For the future studies, a wider variety of cellulose samples needs to be tested to further increase the amount of data available for the atmospheric model, such as the Global Forecast System. This may enable researchers to stimulate what will occur within the atmosphere with a known amount of a specific concentration. Another step needed is a comparison study between laboratory generated cellulose samples and naturally collected cellulose samples that are ambient within the atmosphere. The second project focused on samples collected in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, to study the ice nucleation efficiency of suspended particles. There was a total of ten nucleopore filters collected over the period of the entire month of March in 2017. The significant findings in the Arctic project was that there was bimodal ice nucleation, which indicates that there are marine biogenic aerosols coming off the marine microlayer, behavior well matched with the previous marine microlayer results. For further research, samples should be collected during other seasons to determine whether these samples are just seasonal or a year-round occurrence. Another study should also focus on what specifically is occurring with the marine biogenic aerosols to determine what is happening between the atmosphere and the ocean. All of these advances would help to further understand what is happening to the atmosphere and how the scientific community could further determine what will occur when the concentrations of specific particulates are known.
Download or read book Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Report for written by British Antarctic Survey and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Algae and Extreme Environments written by Josef Elster and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography on Cold Regions Science and Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology written by Mohammad Pessarakli and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-03-21 with total page 1018 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Continuous discoveries in plant and crop physiology have resulted in an abundance of new information since the publication of the second edition of the Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology, necessitating a new edition to cover the latest advances in the field. Like its predecessors, the Third Edition offers a unique, complete collection of topics
Download or read book Surface Property Impacts on Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation of Engineered Materials written by Katherine Marak and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerosol particles can facilitate heterogenous ice formation in the troposphere and stratosphere by acting as ice nuclei, modulating cloud formation/dissipation, precipitation, and their microphysical properties. Heterogeneous ice nucleation is driven by ice embryo formation on the particle surface, which can be influenced by features of the surface such as crystallinity, surface structure, lattice structure, defects, and functional groups. Probing for deeper understanding of what surface features have the greatest impact on heterogeneous freezing is significant and can be done with synthetic and modified materials. To characterize the effect of crystallinity, pores, and surface functional groups towards ice nucleation, samples of comparable silica systems, specifically, quartz, ordered and non-ordered porous amorphous silica samples with a range of pore sizes (2-11 nm), and non-porous functionalized silica spheres were used as models for mineral dust aerosol particles (Chapter 2). The results suggest that crystallinity has a larger effect than porosity on ice nucleation activity, as all of the porous silica samples investigated had lower onset freezing temperatures and lower ice nucleation activities than quartz. Our findings also suggest that pores alone are not sufficient to serve as effective active sites, and need some additional chemical or physical property, like crystallinity, to nucleate ice in immersion mode freezing. The addition of a low density of organic functional groups to non-porous samples showed little enhancement compared to the inherent nucleation activity of silica with native surface hydroxyl groups. The density of functional groups investigated in this work suggests that a different arrangement of surface groups may be needed for enhanced immersion mode ice nucleation activity. In summary, crystallinity dictates the ice nucleation activity of silica samples rather than porosity or low-density surface functional groups. Silver and gold nanoparticles with thiol ligands of different functionalities (alkane, carboxylic acid and alcohol) were investigated for immersion ice nucleation activities (Chapter 3). The alcohol ligand nanoparticles of both silver and gold had significantly higher activities than the alkane thiol ligand, with a 4.5 oC and 10.7 oC difference in median freezing temperature respectively. Silver nanoparticles capped with thiol alcohol ligands were also tested for aggregation and oxidative stability. The silver nanoparticles are oxidatively stable for at least 2 years. We have also shown that aggregates of nanoparticles have likely caused the activity for all of the silver and gold samples, as ice nucleation activity strongly diminished when large aggregates (>200 nm) were filtered from solution. Investigating the ice nucleation activity of synthetic ZSM-5 samples with varying Si:Al helps to clarify ice nucleation activity of natural mineral dust samples, which are often aluminosilicate based materials (Chapter 4). Additionally, ammonium is a very common cation in the atmosphere, and its effects on ice nucleation activity are still being studied. Ice nucleation temperature increases with increasing Al content. Additionally, when ammonium is the cation that is strongly adsorbed to the surface and in pores, initial freezing temperatures are reduced by up to 6 oC. Seeing a drastic decrease in ice nucleation activity in the presence of ammonium, suggests that the cation can interact with the surface to block active sites. In addition to ice nucleation, dust samples can affect human health. The goal of Chapter 5 is to present risk assessments for trace element concentrations in PM10 dusts from simulated road material and township roads with/without oil and gas produced water brine (O&GPWB) treatment. PM10 trace metal quantification was conducted by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and compared to values from EDS analysis on PM2.5. Among adults, PM10 inhalation lifetime cancer risks (CRinh range: 2.39E+01 to 7.73E+01) and hazard quotients for As, Ni and Pb exposure were elevated for O&GPWB, SFSR and RRA. Cumulative Pb dose for the O&GPWB-treated roads was 71 ng/kg by age 21, compared with 37 ng/kg for non-treated roads. Our results may be consistent with elevated blood lead (Pb) concentrations above state averages in this rural O&G producing region.
Download or read book Advanced Topics on Crystal Growth written by Sukarno Ferreira and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-02-20 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystal growth is the key step of a great number of very important applications. The development of new devices and products, from the traditional microelectronic industry to pharmaceutical industry and many others, depends on crystallization processes. The objective of this book is not to cover all areas of crystal growth but just present, as specified in the title, important selected topics, as applied to organic and inorganic systems. All authors have been selected for being key researchers in their field of specialization, working in important universities and research labs around the world. The first section is mainly devoted to biological systems and covers topics like proteins, bone and ice crystallization. The second section brings some applications to inorganic systems and describes more general growth techniques like chemical vapor crystallization and electrodeposition. This book is mostly recommended for students working in the field of crystal growth and for scientists and engineers in the fields of crystalline materials, crystal engineering and the industrial applications of crystallization processes.
Download or read book Sixth International Conference on Biological Ice Nucleation University of Wyoming Laramie WY USA 4 6 August 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993* with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nucleation of Gas Hydrates written by Nobuo Maeda and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-15 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces readers to experimental techniques of general utility that can be used to practically and reliably determine nucleation rates. It also covers the basics of gas hydrates, phase equilibria, nucleation theory, crystal growth, and interfacial gaseous states. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in the field of hydrate nucleation. The formation of gas hydrates is a first-order phase transition that begins with nucleation. Understanding nucleation is of interest to many working in the chemical and petroleum industry, since nucleation, while beneficial in many chemical processes, is also a concern in terms of flow assurance for oil and natural gas pipelines. A primary difficulty in the investigation of gas hydrate nucleation has been researchers’ inability to determine and compare the nucleation rates of gas hydrates across systems with different scales and levels of complexity, which in turn has limited their ability to study the nucleation process itself. This book introduces readers to experimental techniques that can be used to practically and reliably determine the nucleation rates of gas hydrate systems. It also covers the basics of gas hydrates, phase equilibria, nucleation theory, crystal growth, and interfacial gaseous states. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in the field of hydrate nucleation.
