Download or read book Hypoxia and Thermal Tolerance in New Zealand Triplefin Fishes written by Tristan John McArley and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temperature and the availability of oxygen (O2) each have a profound influence on the metabolism of fish and play a key role in shaping the distribution and abundance of species. All fishes are exposed to at least some fluctuation in each of these environmental parameters, but few species are subjected to the extreme acute changes in O2 availability and temperature faced by fishes inhabiting intertidal rock pools. This thesis, with a focus on intertidal species, explores the physiological responses of New Zealand triplefin fishes to variability in O2 availability (hypoxia and hyperoxia) and increased temperature (acute and chronic exposure). Decreased O2 availability (hypoxia) is common in rock pools and challenges the aerobic metabolism of fishes living in these habitats. In Chapter 2, the critical O2 tension (Pcrit) - a measure of hypoxia tolerance - was compared between two intertidal and two subtidal triplefin fishes endemic to New Zealand. The intertidal species had a lower Pcrit than the subtidal species indicating adaptations to meet O2 demands of maintenance metabolism at lower O2 tensions. While maintenance metabolism (measured as standard metabolic rate; SMR) did not show a major functional difference between species, the intertidal species had higher maximal rates of O2 consumption (ṀO2,max) and higher aerobic metabolic scope (MS). The high O2 extractive capacity of the intertidal species was associated with increased blood O2 carrying capacity (i.e. higher Hb concentration); additionally, intertidal species had higher mass-specific gill surface area and thinner gill secondary lamellae that collectively conveyed a higher capacity for O2 flux across the gills. The specialist intertidal species also had higher glycogen stores in both white muscle and brain tissues, suggesting greater potential to generate ATP anaerobically and survive in rock pools with O2 tensions less than Pcrit. Overall, Chapter 2 shows that the superior hypoxia tolerance of intertidal New Zealand triplefin species is not linked to a minimisation of basal metabolic demand (SMR), but is instead associated with a maximisation in the O2 extractive capacity of the cardiorespiratory system (i.e. ṀO2,max, MS, Hb concentration and gill O2 flux) and glycolytic tissue stores. Environmental stressors often occur simultaneously or in quick succession, but how animals respond to multiple stressors is not well studied or understood. Acute heat shock has previously been shown to improve subsequent low O2 (hypoxia) tolerance in an intertidal fish species, a process known as cross-tolerance, but it is not known whether this is a widespread phenomenon. As acute heat and hypoxic stress tend to occur out of phase in intertidal rock pools, Chapter 3 specifically examined whether a New Zealand rock pool specialist, the triplefin fish Bellapiscis medius, exhibits hypoxic cross-tolerance (i.e. longer time to loss of equilibrium (LOE) and lower critical O2 saturation (Scrit) under hypoxia) after recovering from an ecologically relevant heat shock. Non-heat shock controls had a median time to loss of equilibrium (LOE50) of 54.4 min under severe hypoxia (7% of air saturation) and a Scrit of 15.8% air saturation. However, contrary to expectations, treatments that received an initial 8 or 10°C heat shock showed a significantly shorter LOE50 in hypoxia (+8°C = 41.5 min; +10°C = 28.7 min) combined with no significant change in Scrit (+8°C =17.0% air saturation; +10°C =18.3% of air saturation). No evidence of heat shock induced cross-tolerance in B. medius was, therefore, found because acute exposure to peak temperatures resulted in an impaired tolerance to hypoxia. This is cause-for-concern because climate change will increase the frequency and intensity of heat shock events in rock pools rendering B. medius less able to cope with multiple stressors across successive low tides. Daytime low tides that lead to high temperature events in stranded rock pools often co-occur with algal mediated hyperoxia as a result of strong solar radiation. Recent evidence shows MS can be expanded under hyperoxia in fish but so far this possibility has not been examined in intertidal species despite being an ecologically relevant scenario. Furthermore, it is unknown whether hyperoxia increases the upper thermal tolerance limits of intertidal fish and their ability to withstand extreme high temperature events. Therefore, Chapter 4 measured the metabolic response (mass-specific rate of oxygen consumption [ṀO2]) to thermal ramping (21-29°C) and the upper thermal tolerance limit (CTmax) of two intertidal triplefin fishes (B. medius and Forsterygion lapillum) under hyperoxia and normoxia. Hyperoxia increased ṀO2,max and MS of each species at ambient temperature (21°C) and also after thermal ramping to elevated temperatures such as those observed in rock pools (29°C). While hyperoxia did not provide a biologically meaningful increase in upper thermal tolerance of either species (>31°C under all conditions), the observed expansion of MS at 29°C under hyperoxia could potentially benefit the aerobic performance, hence the growth and feeding potential etc., of intertidal fish at non-critical temperatures. That hyperoxia does not increase upper thermal tolerance in a meaningful way is cause for concern, as climate change is expected to drive more extreme rock pool temperatures in the future; this could present a major challenge for these species. Intertidal fish species face gradual chronic changes in temperature and greater extremes of acute thermal exposure through climate induced warming. As sea temperatures rise, it has been proposed that whole animal performance will be impaired through oxygen and capacity limited thermal tolerance (OCLTT, reduced aerobic metabolic scope-MS) and, on acute exposure to high temperatures, thermal safety margins may be reduced due to constrained acclimation capacity of upper thermal limits. Using the New Zealand triplefin fish (F. lapillum), Chapter 5 addressed how performance in terms of growth and metabolism (MS) and upper thermal tolerance limits would be affected by chronic exposure to elevated temperature. Growth was measured in fish acclimated (12 weeks) to present and predicted future temperatures, and metabolic rates were then determined in fish at acclimation temperatures and with acute thermal ramping. In agreement with the OCLTT hypothesis chronic exposure to elevated temperature significantly reduced growth performance and MS. However, despite the prospect of impaired growth performance under warmer future summertime conditions, an annual growth model revealed that elevated temperatures may only shift the timing of high growth potential and not the overall annual growth rate. While the upper thermal tolerance (i.e. critical thermal maxima) increased with exposure to warmer temperatures and was associated with depressed metabolic rates during acute thermal ramping, upper thermal tolerance did not differ between present and predicted future summertime temperatures. This suggests that warming may progressively decrease thermal safety margins for hardy generalist species and limit the available habitat range of intertidal populations.

Download or read book Hypoxia Tolerance of New Zealand Triplefin Fish Brains Tripterygiidae written by Crystal Shanalee James and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The human brain is extremely sensitive to lack of oxygen failing within minutes of hypoxia. Hypoxia promotes a shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism which causes lactate accumulation, redox imbalance, glutamate accumulation leading to excitotoxicity, and altered calcium homeostasis which all lead to potential cell death. In comparison, aquatic animals are effective at routinely surviving levels of less than 3% atmospheric oxygen. Triplefins, especially intertidal rock pool species, repeatedly undergo periods of hypoxia or anoxia whilst still maintaining brain function. Therefore, investigations into mechanisms enhancing survival of the aquatic brain may be critical for understanding how humans could increase tolerance to cope with the vast array of conditions under which hypoxia arises. Five New Zealand triplefin species ranging from intertidal to subtidal zones were compared each with different hypoxia tolerances. Two key mechanisms thought to be impacting hypoxia tolerance were investigated. Firstly, the activity of key enzymes was assessed to determine their contribution to overall metabolism. The second mechanism to compliment this is analysis of abundance in metabolites between species subjected to a ~35 minute hypoxic event. Enzymatic activity was determined spectrophotometrically, whilst Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine concentrations of key metabolites (sugars, organic acids, fatty acids, lipids and proteins). Enzyme analysis showed significant differences in Adenylate kinase, Lactate dehydrogenase, Citrate Synthase, Glutamate dehydrogenase, Malate dehydrogenase and Pyruvate kinase (p≤0.05). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was lower in hypoxia tolerant species than hypoxia sensitive species (420±27 & 520±20 umol/min/g respectively) with Pyruvate kinase (PK) following a similar trend. Additionally, hypoxia tolerant species had ~ 22% greater Creatine kinase (CK) activity compared to their relatives. Results from GC-MS show that hypoxia influences metabolite abundance. Citric acid cycle and glycolysis intermediates along with antioxidants, neurotransmitters and fatty acids showed variations between normoxia and hypoxia that are indicative of hypoxia tolerance. Additionally analysis of both enzyme activity and metabolite abundance showed strong rank correlations against Pcrit. Overall these results show hypoxia tolerant species have reduced metabolism under hypoxia and an ability to maintain energy stores in order to sustain extreme hypoxic events.

Download or read book Fish 1 alpha written by Alicia M. Hellens and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Issues in Biochemistry and Biophysics Research 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 1907 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Biochemistry and Biophysics Research: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Biochemistry and Biophysics Research. The editors have built Issues in Biochemistry and Biophysics Research: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Biochemistry and Biophysics Research in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Biochemistry and Biophysics Research: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Download or read book Fish Physiology Hypoxia written by Jeffrey G. Richards and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-03-10 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Periods of environmental hypoxia (Low Oxygen Availability) are extremely common in aquatic systems due to both natural causes such as diurnal oscillations in algal respiration, seasonal flooding, stratification, under ice cover in lakes, and isolation of densely vegetated water bodies, as well as more recent anthropogenic causes (e.g. eutrophication). In view of this, it is perhaps not surprising that among all vertebrates, fish boast the largest number of hypoxia tolerant species; hypoxia has clearly played an important role in shaping the evolution of many unique adaptive strategies. These unique adaptive strategies either allow fish to maintain function at low oxygen levels, thus extending hypoxia tolerance limits, or permit them to defend against the metabolic consequences of oxygen levels that fall below a threshold where metabolic functions cannot be maintained. The aim of this volume is two-fold. First, this book will review and synthesize the adaptive behavioural, morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular strategies used by fish to survive hypoxia exposure and place them within an environmental and ecological context. Second, through the development of a synthesis chapter this book will serve as the cornerstone for directing future research into the effects of hypoxia exposures on fish physiology and biochemistry. - The only single volume available to provide an in-depth discussion of the adaptations and responses of fish to environmental hypoxia - Reviews and synthesizes the adaptive behavioural, morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular strategies used by fish to survive hypoxia exposure - Includes discussion of the evolutionary and ecological consequences of hypoxia exposure in fish

Download or read book A Comparative Study of Thermal Tolerance Hypoxia Tolerance and Water Loss Resistance in Two Families of Indo Pacific Amphibious Fishes written by Joni Elizabeth Wright and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Hyperoxia on Thermal Tolerance and Indicators of Hypoxic Stress in Antarctic Fishes that Differ in Expression of Oxygen binding Proteins written by Devin Patrick Devor and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mitochondrial Adaptations Involved in Hypoxia and Anoxia tolerance of Intertidal Fish written by Jules Devaux and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitochondria are essential for sustaining complex life. They dominate fuel conversion, redox transfer, electron tunnelling, proton pumping and reduction of O2 to ultimately store significant energy in the form of ATP, and this complex machinery is believed to have occurred through endosymbiosis with an ancestral nucleated cell approximately 1.45 billion years ago. With the coupling of O2 consumption and ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), sufficient O2 is required to match cellular energy demands. However, when O2 becomes limited, a succession of physiological changes may alter cell functions, and ultimately the organism's life. Most vertebrates are sensitive to hypoxic insults and oxidative damage caused by rapid reoxygenation. However, some species have evolved within environments frequently exposed to dramatic O2 fluctuations, and this includes some intertidal species that inhabit rockpools exposed to tidal hypoxic and hyperoxic cycles. This thesis aimed to resolve whether mitochondrial adaptations play a role in the hypoxia-tolerance of intertidal New Zealand triplefin fishes and anoxia-tolerant sharks. The first study assessed the hypoxia-tolerance of intertidal and subtidal triplefins and the overall mitochondrial O2 consumption capacity in brain tissue, as the organ is extremely sensitive to O2 deprivation. Hypoxia-tolerance was found and verified and was accompanied with greater O2 consumption and OxPhos capacities in the rock pool species relative to the subtidal ones. This suggests that intertidal fish have the capacity to better utilise O2 for ATP production while presumably better conserving carbohydrate stores, even in both hypoxia and hyperoxia. As OxPhos flux diminishes with hypoxia, glycolytic flux likely accelerates and this mediates an increase in intracellular lactate level, and associates with an overall intracellular acidosis. The second study hence assessed the effect of acidosis mediated by graded lactic acid titrations, on the mitochondrial function in situ. Not only do intertidal species display greater mitochondrial pH buffering capacities, they appear to utilise acidosis to maintain function and maintain mitochondrial membrane potentials and sustain ATP production. In effect this also increases the efficiency of oxygen use given that OxPhos is depressed and this will benefit survival with decreasing oxygen. While hypoxia is relatively well tolerated by these species, rapid reoxygenation presents another challenge to overcome. The rapid oxidation of succinate that has accumulated in the hypoxic brain mediates excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can subsequently cause oxidative damage. In the third study, the combined effect of anoxia-reoxygenation and graded succinate in vitro on respiration and ROS production was measured. Intertidal species produced less ROS and electrons from succinate oxidation, which were better directed to respiration rather than ROS production. Hypoxia-tolerant species have acquired adaptations in different groups, and it is unknown whether similar or different mechanisms have evolved. The last chapter aimed to explore whether traits of hypoxia-tolerance were also apparent by more ancient species, i.e. elasmobranchs. The epaulette shark and grey carpet shark have evolved for ~150 M years and may retain traits that permitted survival on Earth, which had half the atmospheric O2 of today. Both species are hypoxia tolerant yet display different physiological and behavioural strategies when hypoxic. In the last chapter, shark brain mitochondria were exposed to elevated succinate and exposed to anoxia-reoxygenation. Mitochondria from these two anoxia tolerant shark species displayed contrasting responses, which likely mirror their respective physiological behaviour on anoxia exposure. Overall, this thesis reveals some traits of the mitochondrial function that likely confer hypoxia-tolerance in intertidal fish.

Download or read book The Physiology of Fishes Fourth Edition written by David H. Evans and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-11-25 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the success of the bestselling third edition, this newly updated and completely revised fourth edition of The Physiology of Fishes provides comprehensive coverage of the most important aspects of the form and function of fishes. It covers the most recent advances as well as fundamental subjects such as cardiovascular physiology, intestinal transport, and gill ion uptake. Written by an international group of experts, this book contains fresh approaches, with completely new treatment of the original topics and the addition of new chapters: Muscle plasticity Membranes and Metabolism Oxygen Sensing Endocrine Disruption Pain Perception Cardiac Regeneration Neuronal Regeneration Two decades after the publication of the first edition, this book remains the only published single-volume work on fish physiology. Each chapter contains an extensive bibliography, providing readers with the best sources from the primary literature. The fourth edition provides an important reference for aquatic biologists, ichthyologists, fisheries scientists, and comparative physiologists.

Download or read book Effects of Oxygen Availability on Metabolic Scope and Postprandial Metabolism in Two Ecologically Distinct Species of Triplefin written by Fraser Lyall McCallum Stobie and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measures of metabolic rate are commonly used to make comparisons between individuals and species with respect to physiological performance. In ectothermic fish, aerobic metabolism is strongly limited by oxygen availability which restricts aspects of their physiology and thus their ‘pace of life’. It is thought that differences in habitat oxygen availability can be used to explain differences in aerobic metabolism between closelyrelated fish. This study therefore measured mass-specific rate of oxygen consumption (MO2, a proxy for metabolic rate) across a range of relevant oxygen conditions at a stable temperature of 18°C to resolve metabolic differences in two ecologically distinct species of triplefin fishes (Tripterygiidae). Differences in aerobic metabolic scope (AMS) were primarily driven by variability in maximum metabolic rate (MMR), given that maintenance metabolism (SMR) was determined to be stable, and independent of oxygen availability. This was particularly evident in the hypoxia tolerant intertidal rock pool triplefin Bellapiscus medius, which as anticipated, maintained a higher MMR during hypoxia than the less hypoxia tolerant subtidal species Forsterygion varium. Surprisingly, hyperoxia was not shown to expand AMS in either species, despite rock pool hyperoxia theoretically permitting the increase of MMR in B. medius in an ecological setting. The main finding of this thesis was that by locating the intersect of MMR and SMR it was possible to accurately resolve the critical oxygen tolerance (Scrit) of triplefins. In doing so, this study has not only validated the SMR stability assumption, but also suggested that exhaustive manual chase protocol used to elicit ‘true’ MMR may not be universal. The MMR/SMR intersect technique ultimately affords experimenters an alternative to the inherently stressful SMR ‘breakpoint’ technique that is traditionally used to determine Scrit. Identifying an Scrit level of 8.6% and 20.3% for B. medius and F. varium respectively, ultimately supports the hypothesis that rock pool fish possess greater tolerance to hypoxia. A second set of experiments aiming to resolve whether differences in AMS conveyed any physiological advantages quantified specific dynamic action (SDA, an indicator of feeding metabolism) in response to a 3% body mass food ration. Interestingly, no significant species differences were detected in the meal processing ability, suggesting that the physiological advantage of having elevated metabolic capacity (i.e. MMR and AMS) is delivered via other mechanisms.

Download or read book Hypoxia Tolerance in Two Juvenile Estuary Dependent Fishes written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hypoxia events, or low dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions, occur frequently in North Carolina estuaries during the summer. These events may have harmful effects on important fish stocks, including spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) and Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus), but their consequences are not well understood. As part of a larger study examining effects of hypoxia on juvenile estuary-dependent fishes, I investigated direct mortality due to hypoxia in juvenile spot and Atlantic menhaden. The objectives of these experiments were to determine how the extent of mortality varies with the severity of hypoxia and the duration of exposure, and to explore how vulnerability to hypoxia changes across species, temperature, and fish size. Atlantic menhaden and spot were tested at two temperatures, 25 & deg; and 30 & deg;C, and three dissolved oxygen concentrations, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 ppm. Survival analyses were performed on the data relating survival rate of each species to dissolved oxygen concentration, duration of exposure, temperature, and fish size. The data were also analyzed using an LC50 approach for comparative purposes, and 12-hour LC50 estimates (concentrations causing 50% mortality) ranged from 0.9-1.1 ppm O2. Spot and menhaden exposed to 1.2 ppm O2 showed no mortality in 24 hrs at 25 & deg;C, and only 30-40% mortality at 30 & deg;C. In contrast, both species experienced 100% mortality in 2-6 hrs at 0.6 ppm O2. There was a modest effect of size on hypoxia tolerance, with small spot being less tolerant than large spot, while the converse size effect was observed for menhaden. Spot were consistently less tolerant to hypoxia than menhaden and both species were less tolerant to hypoxia at 30 & deg;C than at 25 & deg;C. Preliminary experiments showed that a 24-hour acclimation to sublethal levels of hypoxia caused significantly reduced mortality upon subsequent exposure to lethal hypoxia concentrations. This study is part of a larger effor.

Download or read book Review written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Acclimation Temperature and Triploidy on Hypoxia Tolerance in Brook Charr Salvelinus Fontinalis written by Rebecca Rae Porter and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Triploid fish could be beneficial to aquaculture sustainability due to their effective sterility preventing escaped farmed fish from mating with wild fish. However, experience to date has suggested that they are less tolerant of environmental stressors. The goal of this study was therefore to determine whether acclimation to warm temperature improves the performance of both diploid and triploid brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) under conditions of high temperature and hypoxia. A preliminary experiment tested fish of both ploidies acclimated to two different temperatures (15 and 18°C) at a range of test temperatures (ambient, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30°C) to determine the oxygen tension (PO2) at loss of equilibrium and time taken to reach loss of equilibrium, during progressive hypoxia. A follow-up experiment involved first acclimating fish to the same two temperatures and then reacclimating the 18°C fish to 15°C before using the same protocol to test hypoxia tolerance at a narrower range of temperatures (ambient, 24, 26, 28, 30°C). Warm acclimation (18°C) improved high temperature and hypoxia tolerance in both ploidies, but this improvement did not last after reacclimation to cooler temperatures. Triploids had slightly lower hypoxia tolerance in both experiments. This study shows that (1) while increasing acclimation temperature improves tolerance of fish regardless of ploidy in high temperature and hypoxic conditions, the effect is not long-lasting, and (2) the difference in tolerance between ploidies may not be great enough for triploids to have a negative impact on the aquaculture industry and instead should be used to minimize negative impacts caused by farmed salmon mating with wild populations of Atlantic salmon. However, further research needs to be done to optimize this approach for use in the aquaculture industry.

Download or read book The Histology of Fishes written by Krzysztof Formicki and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-10-08 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is a multi-authored book of 18 chapters comprising the state of the art work of all relevant topics on modern fish histology from 28 authors from ten countries. The topics include Introduction to Histological Techniques, Integument, Fish Skeletal Tissues, Muscular System, Structure and Function of Electric Organs, Digestive System, Glands of the Digestive Tract, Swim Bladder, Kidney, Ovaries and Eggs, Egg Envelopes, Testis Structure, Spermatogenesis, and Spermatozoa in Teleost Fishes, Cardiovascular System and Blood, Immune System of Fish, Gills: Respiration and Ionic-Osmoregulation, Sensory Organs, Morphology and Ecomorphology of the Fish Brain, and Endocrine System. Structural and functional aspects are treated and in a comparative way fish diversity at various taxonomic levels is integrated.

Download or read book The White Sucker written by Edward Schneberger and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fish Identification Tools for Biodiversity and Fisheries Assessments written by Johanne Fischer and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2013 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review provides an appraisal of existing, state-of-the-art fish identification (ID) tools (including some in the initial stages of their development) and shows their potential for providing the right solution in different real-life situations. The ID tools reviewed are: Use of scientific experts (taxonomists) and folk local experts, taxonomic reference collections, image recognition systems, field guides based on dichotomous keys; interactive electronic keys (e.g. IPOFIS), morphometrics (e.g. IPez), scale and otolith morphology, genetic methods (Single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] and Barcode [BOL]) and Hydroacoustics. The review is based on the results and recommendations of the workshop "Fish Identification Tools for Fishery Biodiversity and Fisheries Assessments," convened by FAO FishFinder and the University of Vigo and held in Vigo, Spain, from 11 to 13 October 2011. It is expected that it will help fisheries managers, environmental administrators and other end users to select the best available species identification tools for their purposes.--

Download or read book Integrative Organismal Biology written by Lynn B. Martin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-02-16 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrative Organismal Biology synthesizes current understandings of the causes and consequences of individual variation at the physiological, behavioral and organismal levels. Emphasizing key topics such as phenotypic plasticity and flexibility, and summarizing emerging areas such as ecological immunology, oxidative stress biology and others, Integrative Organismal Biology pulls together information from diverse disciplines to provide a synthetic view of the role of the individual in evolution. Beginning with the role of the individual in evolutionary and ecological processes, the book covers theory and mechanism from both classic and modern perspectives. Chapters explore concepts such as phenotypic plasticity, genetic and epigenetic variation, physiological and phenotypic variation, homeostasis, and gene and physiological regulatory networks. A concluding section interweaves these concepts through a series of case studies of life processes such as aging, reproduction, and immune defense. Written and edited by leaders in the field, Integrative Organismal Biology will be an important advanced textbook for students and researchers across a variety of subdisciplines of integrative biology.