Download or read book Hypothalamic Integration of Circadian Rhythms written by R.M. Buijs and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-12-03 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Summer School of Brain Research, on which this book is based, was organized by the Netherlands Institute for Brain research (NIBR), which has a rich history dating back to the beginning of the century.The focus of interest in this present volume of Progress in Brain Research are the few thousand neurons at the base of the hypothalamus that form the biological clock. Attention is focused on the mechanisms underlying the generation of circadian rhythmicity within our biological clock, which is still far from understood. Contributions originating from many disciplines give updates on the latest theories on the molecular and electrophysiological basis of the pacemaker mechanism, and the various approaches used in different species. Attention is also paid to the way the signal of the biological clock is transferred to the rest of the central nervous system. New data on the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and its impact on the functioning of the human being is presented. Altogether an excellent volume which will further the understanding of this elusive material.
Download or read book Hypothalamic Integration of Circadian Rhythms written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hypothalamic Integration of Energy Metabolism written by A. Kalsbeek and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-08-21 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prevalence of obesity in developed countries is fast becoming a health issue on par with infectious diseases and malnutrition. Research in this area has grown substantially and includes the neurochemical pathways of the hypothalamus and its role in regulating energy expenditures in the body. This volume in the Progress in Brain Research series examines the emerging role of the hypothalamus as a crucial link between the sensing of nutrients and the control of insulin sensitivity, glucose uptake, and glucose production, the integrative role of the hypothalamus in thyroid and bone metabolism, the interaction between circadian information and energy metabolism, and the important interplay between the immune system and energy metabolism.· All contributors are recognized experts in their respective specialities· Provides expanded coverage of hypothalamic mechanisms involved in energy metabolism· Includes many outstanding full-colour illustrations· Contains special sections on circadian rhythms, immune system, thyroid and bone metabolism
Download or read book Autonomic Nervous System written by Ruud M. Buijs and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our biological clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), sets the pace of our life: it provides a rhythmic function to our sleep–wake cycle. In order to do so properly the SCN synchronizes our physiology to behavioral patterns by directing the autonomic and hormonal output of the hypothalamus to the different organs of the body that require a different setting – activity or inactivity – during particular phases of the day or night. In this chapter we show that this delicate balance requires that the SCN should not only provide an output to these organs but also be informed about the physiological state of the organs in order to adapt its output. This occurs via a hypothalamic neuronal network that provides the necessary input to the SCN. We argue that the feedback that the SCN receives from its hypothalamic target structures is essential to maintain a balance in our physiological functions, which fluctuate during the sleep–wake cycle. We propose that this crucial role of the hypothalamus in the homeostatic response is the reason why, e.g., in aging or depression, changes in the functioning of the biological clock, the SCN, lead to the development of pathology. In addition, if this balance is not adequately organized, for example, if the signals of the biological clock are violated by being active and eating during the night, as in shift work, one will be more susceptible to diseases such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.
Download or read book Circadian Rhythms and Metabolism written by Etienne Challet and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the major breakthroughs of the last decade in the understanding of energy homeostasis is the identification of a reciprocal control between circadian rhythmicity and cellular metabolism. Circadian rhythmicity is a fundamental endogenous process of almost every organism living on Earth. For instance, the alternation of hunger and satiety is not continuous over 24 h, but is instead structured in time along the light/dark cycle. In mammals, the temporal organization of metabolism, physiology and behavior around 24 h is controlled by a network of multiple cellular clocks, synchronized via neuronal and hormonal signals by a master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus. This central circadian conductor in the brain is mainly reset by ambient light perceived by the retina, while secondary circadian clocks in other brain areas and peripheral organs can be reset by meal timing. Chronic disruption of circadian rhythms, as seen in human shift-workers (up to 20% of the active population), has been associated with the development of a number of adverse mental and metabolic conditions. Understanding of the functional links between circadian desynchronization and overall health in animal models and humans, however, is still scarce. Interactions between circadian clocks and metabolism can occur at different levels: the molecular clockwork, internal synchronization via neuro-hormonal signals, or external synchronization via photic or feeding cues. This Research Topic comprises a number of reviews as well as research and methods articles that feature recent advancements in the mechanisms linking circadian clocks with energy metabolism, and the pathophysiological implications of these interactions for metabolic health.
Download or read book The Circadian Clock written by Urs Albrecht and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-01-23 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the invitation to edit this volume, I wanted to take the opportunity to assemble reviews on different aspects of circadian clocks and rhythms. Although most c- tributions in this volume focus on mammalian circadian clocks, the historical int- duction and comparative clocks section illustrate the importance of various other organisms in deciphering the mechanisms and principles of circadian biology. Circadian rhythms have been studied for centuries, but only recently, a mole- lar understanding of this process has emerged. This has taken research on circadian clocks from mystic phenomenology to a mechanistic level; chains of molecular events can describe phenomena with remarkable accuracy. Nevertheless, current models of the functioning of circadian clocks are still rudimentary. This is not due to the faultiness of discovered mechanisms, but due to the lack of undiscovered processes involved in contributing to circadian rhythmicity. We know for example, that the general circadian mechanism is not regulated equally in all tissues of m- mals. Hence, a lot still needs to be discovered to get a full understanding of cir- dian rhythms at the systems level. In this respect, technology has advanced at high speed in the last years and provided us with data illustrating the sheer complexity of regulation of physiological processes in organisms. To handle this information, computer aided integration of the results is of utmost importance in order to d- cover novel concepts that ultimately need to be tested experimentally.
Download or read book The Human Hypothalamus written by Dick F. Swaab and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-06-15 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hypothalamus is an important area of the brain for understanding a variety of neurological disorders. This volume summarizes for readers the anatomy and physiology of the anterior hypothalamus, to better understand pathology and treatment of hypothalamus related disorders. In addition to anatomy and physiology in humans, cytoarchitecture and chemoarchitecture in rodents is provided. The volume explores the role of the hypothalamus in disorders of eating, sleeping, anxiety, and mood, as well as its role in sexual behavior and gender identity. Coverage includes how Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and other neurological disorders relate to the hypothalamus. - Reviews the anatomy and physiology of the anterior hypothalamus - Provides cytoarchitecture and chemoarchitecture from rodents - Discusses hypothalamic related disorders of eating, sleeping, anxiety, and mood - Covers how Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and other neurological disorders relate to the hypothalamus - Explores the role of the hypothalamus in sexual behavior and gender identity
Download or read book Biological Rhythms and Their Central Mechanism written by Masami Suda and published by North-Holland. This book was released on 1979 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neuronal Input Pathways to the Brain s Biological Clock and their Functional Significance written by Jens Hannibal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-06-07 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rhythmic changes in physiology and behaviour within a 24 h period occur in living organisms on earth to meet the challenges associated with the daily changes in the external environment. The circadian pacemaker responsible for the temporal internal organisation and the generation of endogenous rhythms of approximately 24 h is located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in mammals. The endogenous period generated by the pacemaker is close to, but generally not equal to 24 h and the biological clock therefore needs to be daily adjusted (entrained) by external cues. The daily alteration of light and darkness due to the rotation of our planet on its own axis in relation to the sun is the most prominent "zeitgeber" which adjusts the phase of the circadian rhythms to the astronomical day length, a process known as photoentrainment. In mammals, light is perceived only through photoreceptors located in the retina. Light information is mediated to the SCN via the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) by activation of the classical photoreceptor system of rods and cones and a more recently identified system of intrinsic photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) using melanopsin as a photopigment.
Download or read book Biological Clocks and Circadian Rhythms and Physiological Integration and Control written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Serotonin and Sleep Molecular Functional and Clinical Aspects written by Jaime M. Monti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-04 with total page 627 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the neuropsychopharmacology of serotonin and its role in sleep and wakefulness, presenting neurochemical, electrophysiological, and neuropharmacological approaches to understand the mechanisms of serotonin and related substances. Covering core and contemporary topics in the area, this volume is valuable for all researchers interested in interdisciplinary studies concerning drugs affecting the central nervous system.
Download or read book Integration of Circadian Clocks and Metabolism in the Hypothalamus written by Adam Watson and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Circadian Physiology written by Roberto Refinetti PhD. and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 689 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the first edition of the critically acclaimed and highly popular Circadian Physiologyoffered a concise but rigorous review of basic and applied research on circadian rhythms, this newest edition provides educators with the primary textbook they need to support a course on this cutting-edge topic. Maintaining the same accessible multidi
Download or read book Environmental Endocrinology written by I. Assenmacher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From 11 to 15 July 1977 about 60 physiologists, endo crinologists, ecologists and other biologists from 14 countries convened at the University Montpellier for a symposium on Environmental Endocrinology. This meet ing was organized as a Satellite Symposium of the 27th International Congress of Physiological Sciences, Paris, 18-23 July 1977. This volume is a record of the com munications presented at the symposium. The objectives of the program were to examine the role of the endocrine system in a wide spectrum of adjustments and adaptations to changes in environmental conditions by various spe cies of animals, including man, and to promote an ex change of ideas among investigators who have approached these functions from diverse aspects. The diversity of the information and ideas communicated is great. Of necessity, they represent only an extremely modest se lection of the many facets of endocrine function in the interaction of animals with their environments. Be yond the usefulness of the communications individually, we hope that they collectively demonstrate the substan tial heuristic value of the concept of environmental endocrinology as it was perceived by the participants. We acknowledge gratefully the kindness and sympathy of Professor Jaques ROUZAUD, President of the University of Montpellier II, for his generous extension of the hospitality of the University to the Symposium. We are most grateful to Mrs. Monique VIEU who effected so well the secretarial organization of the Sympos.
Download or read book Rapid Eye Movement Sleep written by MallIck/Inoue and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-06-29 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference also includes nine color plates. Written by leading international scientists in the field, this comprehensive and up-to-date reference provides detailed coverage of various aspects of rapid eye movement sleep (REMS)-including phylogeny and evolution, ontogeny, neurophysiological and neurochemical phenomena, molecular processes, behavioral and physiological changes due to deprivation, and hypotheses on the neurodynamics of REMS. Examining the relationship between the neocortex in mammals and birds in the evolution of REM sleep, Rapid Eye Movement Sleep considers the roles of REMS in the maturation of the brain reveals a new theory that challenges the assumption that REM is solely initiated by bulbar mechanisms in intact animals explores experimental studies of REMS atonia and the mechanisms underlying tonic and phasic muscle atonia describes the cellular and molecular mechanisms and function of pontine ponto-geniculo-occipatal waves during REMS details the role of nitric oxide in the regulation of REMS summarizes new evidence on which neurotransmitters are responsible for the REMS generating mechanism presents an overview of several endogenous sleep substances that may positively or negatively regulate REMS and more. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep serves as essential reading for all researchers and clinicians in the study of sleep science, particularly physiologists and biologists; neurologists, neuropsychiatrists, psychiatrists, and psychologists; anesethiologists; and pharmacologists.
Download or read book Rhythms in Fishes written by Mohamed Ather Ali and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1992 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressed primarily to researchers of fish, but also of possible interest to researchers of biological rhythms in general, 19 papers from a workshop near Montreal, August 1991, discuss aspects of the biorhythms of fishes as they apply to aquaculture and to reactions to the pollution of natural habit
Download or read book Regulation of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms written by Fred Turek and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-05-06 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing an up-to-date overview of the field, this state-of-the-art reference details how sleep and circadian rhythms are interconnected, revealing the impact of various disease states on, and the molecular and genetic basis for, disrupted sleep and circadian rhythmicity and their effects on physical and mental health, safety, performance, and productivity. Integrates current and rapidly advancing discoveries of sleep and circadian rhythms! Offering an integrative approach to research findings from basic science to clinical points of view, Regulation of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms discusses the three developmental stages of sleep in mammals the evolution of circadian timing brainstem regulation of sleep non-REM sleep and thalamocortical function cognitive correlates of behavioral states dysfunctional sleep sleep homeostasis neuroanatomy of circadian control acute effects of light organization of vertebrate circadian timing systems production, sites, and mechanisms of melatonin genetic aspects of pathological human sleep sleep alterations associated with age, disease, and psychiatric state and more! Complete with over 3200 references, tables, and figures, Regulation of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms is an essential resource for clinical neurologists and neurobiologists, pulmonologists, psychiatrists and behavioral scientists, endocrinologists and neuroendocrinologists, chronobiologists, sleep specialists, general medicine practitioners and internists, gerontologists, psychologists, and graduate and medical school students in these disciplines.
