Download or read book Hyperpolarized Noble Gas Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Ex Vivo Rodent Lung written by David M. L. Lilburn and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hyperpolarized Noble Gas Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Ex Vivo Rodent Lung written by D. M. L. Lilburn and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hyperpolarized Noble Gas Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Dynamic Spectroscopy for Investigation of Rat Models of Lung Inflammation written by Matthew Stephen Fox and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Imaging of the lungs using non-ionizing approaches such as hyperpolarized 3He and 129Xe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful tool both for research and clinical applications. This work focused on development of 129Xe MRI techniques to investigate inflammation in rat lungs. A rodent model of inflammation, specifically radiationinduced lung injury (RILI) was developed using a collimated 60Co source. A quantitative MRI technique measuring absolute ventilated lung volume (values obtained from rats using the previously established 3He method and those obtained with 129Xe, the usefulness of 129Xe for future investigations of.

Download or read book Hyperpolarized Noble Gas MRI of Human Lungs in 150G Magnetic Field written by Adelaide Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hyperpolarized and Inert Gas MRI written by Mitchell S. Albert and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-11-17 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hyperpolarized and Inert Gas MRI: Theory and Applications in Research and Medicine is the first comprehensive volume published on HP gas MRI. Since the 1990’s, when HP gas MRI was invented by Dr. Albert and his colleagues, the HP gas MRI field has grown dramatically. The technique has proven to be a useful tool for diagnosis, disease staging, and therapy evaluation for obstructive lung diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis. HP gas MRI has also been developed for functional imaging of the brain and is presently being developed for molecular imaging, including molecules associated with lung cancer, breast cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease. Taking into account the ongoing growth of this field and the potential for future clinical applications, the book pulls together the most relevant and cutting-edge research available in HP gas MRI into one resource. Presents the most comprehensive, relevant, and accurate information on HP gas MRI Co-edited by the co-inventor of HP gas MRI, Dr. Albert, with chapter authors who are the leading experts in their respective sub-disciplines Serves as a foundation of understanding of HP gas MRI for researchers and clinicians involved in research, technology development, and clinical use with HP gas MRI Covers all hyperpolarized gases, including helium, the gas with which the majority of HP gas MRI has been conducted

Download or read book Diffusion Relaxation and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Noble Gases written by Ivan Emilov Dimitrov and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques for Rodent Pulmonary Imaging written by Eriko Suzanne Yoshimaru and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a safe and widely used diagnostic imaging method that allows in vivo observation of anatomy and characterization of tissues. MRI provides a method to monitor patients without invasive measures, making it suitable for both diagnostics and longitudinal monitoring of various pathologies. A notable example of this is the work carried out by the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), which utilizes imaging, including multiple MRI techniques, to monitor disease progression in AD patients and evaluates treatment responses and prevention strategies. Similarly, MRI has been extensively used in evaluating diseases in a variety of animal models. In order to detect subtle anatomical changes over time, small differences in MR images must be accurately extracted. Furthermore, to ensure that the extracted differences are due to anatomical changes rather than equipment variance, it becomes essential to monitor and to assess the MRI system stability. In the first chapter of the dissertation, a method for monitoring pre-clinical MRI system performance is discussed. The technique developed during the study provides a fast and simple method to monitor pre-clinical MRI systems but also has applications for all areas of MRI. The second chapter describes the development of a 3D UTE MRI method for pulmonary imaging in freely breathing mice. The development of the 3D UTE sequence for pulmonary MRI has demonstrated its ability to collect images without noticeable motion artifacts and with appreciable signal from the lung parenchyma. Furthermore, images at two distinct respiratory phases were reconstructed from a single data set, providing functional information of the rodents' lungs. Finally, in the third chapter, 3D 19F UTE MRI is evaluated for imaging in vivo distributions of perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanoemulsions for measuring pulmonary inflammation. Building upon the development of pulmonary imaging, fluorinated contrast agents made from PFCs were used to target immune cells in response to pulmonary pathology. Both 3D 1H and 19F UTE MRI were used to acquire pulmonary images of mouse models documented to have pulmonary pathology. Even though the mice had confirmed elevation in alveolar macrophage counts, no visible 19F signal accumulation within the pulmonary tissue was observed with MRI.

Download or read book Investigation of Neonatal Pulmonary Structure and Function Via Proton and Hyperpolarized Gas Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Nara Savoye Higano and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a modality that utilizes the phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to yield tomographic images of the body. Proton (1H) MRI has historically been successful in soft tissues but has suffered in the lung due to a variety of technical challenges, such as the low proton-density, rapid T2* relaxation time of the lung parenchymal tissue, and inherent physiological motion in the chest. Recent developments in radial ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI have in part overcome these issues. In addition, there has been much progress in techniques for hyperpolarization of noble gases (3He and 129Xe) out of thermal equilibrium via spin exchange optical pumping, which can greatly enhance the gas NMR signal such that it is detectable within the airspaces of the lung on MRI.The lung is a unique organ due to its complex structural and functional dynamics, and its early development through the neonatal (newborn) period is not yet well understood in normal or abnormal conditions. Pulmonary morbidities are relatively common in infants and are present in a majority of patients admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, often stemming from preterm birth and/or congenital defects. Current clinical lung imaging in these patients is typically limited to chest x-ray radiography, which does not provide tomographic information and so has lowered sensitivity. More rarely, x-ray computed tomography (CT) is used but exposes infants to ionizing radiation and typically requires sedation, both of which pose increased risks to pediatric patients. Thus the opportunity is ripe for application of novel pulmonary MRI techniques to the infant population. However, MR imaging of very small pulmonary structure and microstructure requires fundamental changes in the imaging theory of both 1H UTE MRI and hyperpolarized gas diffusion MRI. Furthermore, such young patients are often non-compliant, yielding a need for new and innovative techniques for monitoring respiratory and bulk motion.This dissertation describes methodology development and provides experimental results in both 1H UTE MRI and hyperpolarized 3He and 129Xe gas diffusion MRI, with investigation into the structure and function of infant lungs at both the macrostructural and microstructural level. In particular, anisotropically restricted gas diffusion within infant alveolar microstructure is investigated as a measurement of airspace size and geometry. Additionally, the phenomenon of respiratory and bulk motion-tracking via modulation of the k-space center's magnitude and phase is explored and applied via UTE MRI in various neonatal pulmonary conditions to extract imaging-based metrics of diagnostic value. Further, the proton-density regime of pulmonary UTE MRI is validated in translational applications. These techniques are applied in infants with various pulmonary conditions, including patients diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula, tracheomalacia, and no suspected lung disease. In addition, explanted lung specimens from both infants with and without lung disease are examined.Development and implementation of these techniques involves a strong understanding of the physics-based theory of NMR, hyperpolarization, and MR imaging, in addition to foundations in hardware, software, and image analysis techniques. This thesis first outlines the theory and background of NMR, MRI, and pulmonary physiology and development (Part I), then proceeds into the theory, equipment, and imaging experiments for hyperpolarized gas diffusion MRI in infant lung airspaces (Part II), and finally details the theory, data processing methods, and applications of pulmonary UTE MRI in infant patients (Part III). The potential for clinical translation of the neonatal pulmonary MRI methods presented in this dissertation is very high, with the foundations of these techniques firmly rooted in the laws of physics.

Download or read book Lung Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Non invasive Alternative to Assess Experimental Pulmonary Diseases in Small Rodents written by François-Xavier Blé and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is able to detect water content in the biological tissue and thus to non-invasively assess on a regional basis infiltrated water and/or secreted fluids and/or tissue densification. In pulmonary diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases or fibrosis, plasma exudation, mucus secretion and thickening of the lung tissue constitute hallmarks of the pathological status that directly contribute to functional impairment. These features are well conserved in experimental pulmonary disease models in the small rodents. A particular interest is given to murine models that have provided, in parallel to the technological progress in genetic engineering and molecular biology, a reliable in vivo support for lung disease understanding and investigation. Nowadays, routine methods used to evaluate disease state of the lung in these models are either terminal or gives functional estimation of the global airways.Therefore, we have set up a method using MRI technique to non-invasively depict different hallmarks occurring in a murine model of asthma. In this thesis, we have demonstrated that proton MRI provides a relevant mean to assess and follow signals associated with the plasma leakage and mucus secretions in the lung, which are both important features of the inflammatory response following allergenic provocation. To further confirm these findings, we have also validated in this model the effect of pharmacological tools. We chose to study sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) pharmacology on the basis of recent publications indicating a possible implication of this endogenous mediator in inflammation and lung barrier integrity in models of asthma. In two studies examining the effects of the general S1P agonist FTY720 and of the S1P2 antagonist JTE013, the incidence of plasma leakage on fluid signal detection was highlighted in our murine model of airway inflammation and confirmed by histology and BAL fluid analyses. Additionally, since the technique had been previously set up in the rat, we extended the knowledge in this species. In this regard, we achieved the selective detection and monitoring of mucus dynamics by MRI with the use of a specific contrast agent in a model of endotoxin-induced mucus hypersecretion. Besides, we also demonstrated the capabilities of MRI to follow the hydration of airway secretions. In this non-inflammatory model, the formation of MRI fluid signals were induced by hypertonic saline instillation and dose-dependently enhanced by different compounds that interact directly or indirectly with epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), a major regulator of airway surface liquid hydration. These studies have been successfully performed in the rat with the perspective of future translation to murine models for transgenic application. Finally, we have partially validated the application of this technique to a less acute model, the murine bleomycin-induced fibrosis. This model has been chosen regarding its admitted relevance to mimic global characteristics of human pulmonary fibrosis in addition to its simplicity to be set up. In this study, we have been able to follow by MRI the course of edematous, mucous and/or fibrotic features in correlation with histological findings. In summary, the present work is bringing evidence of possible contributions of MRI in pulmonary disease investigations in mouse and rat, and postulates for its use to complete and/or replace the methods used nowadays to evaluate experimental murine models.

Download or read book Optimization of Hyperpolarized Noble Gas Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Lei Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hyperpolarized Carbon 13 Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Tool for Assessing Lung Transplantation Outcomes written by Sarmad Siddiqui and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lung transplantation is the established treatment for patients with chronic, end-stage lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and cystic fibrosis (CF). However, its utility remains limited by the chronic shortage of donor lungs, limited lung preservation strategies and post-transplant complications leading to graft failure. Although efforts have been made to expand the limited pool of viable donor lungs via novel preservation strategies such as ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP), our limited understanding of the mechanism and progression of donor lung injury continues to inhibit our ability to fully exploit these advances to improve lung transplant outcomes. Furthermore, the clinical standard for post-transplant assessment is limited to whole lung measurement such as pulmonary functional tests (PFTs) and structural imaging via radiography or HRCT, both of which lack the necessary sensitivity to detect lung rejection early. Given these limitations of currently available pre- and post-transplant lung assessment tools, a novel metabolic biomarker may provide higher sensitivity for determining the viability of donated lungs, as well as for assessing the onset of rejection before permanent structural changes in the lungs become apparent. We proposed that hyperpolarized (HP) [1-13C]pyruvate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)--which provides real-time metabolic assessment of tissue based on the conversion of [1-13C] pyruvate to [1-13C]lactate via glycolysis, or to 13C bicarbonate via oxidative phosphorylation--may be an effective tool for assessing the health of donated lungs and may also serve as an early biomarker for detecting pulmonary graft dysfunction (PGD)-associated inflammation or acute lung rejection. In a rat model, we demonstrated the feasibility of using HP [1-13C]pyruvate nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to assess the viability of ex vivo perfused lungs. We further showed that our technique can be used to measure the improved viability of those lungs after treatment with ascorbic acid. Finally, translating our previously developed technique to in vivo HP [1-13C]pyruvate imaging of an inflamed rat lung, we not only demonstrated its utility for detecting lung transplantation rejection, but found that the HP lactate-to-pyruvate ratio is a better predictor of acute lung rejection in a rat model than computed tomography.

Download or read book A Pseudo Non Cartesian Pulse Sequence For Hyperpolarized Xenon 129 Gas MRI of Rodent Lungs At Low Magnetic Field Strength written by Krzysztof Wawryzn and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Early diagnosis of radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) following radiation therapy is critical for prevention of permanent lung damage. Pulmonary imaging using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of hyperpolarized xenon (129Xe) gas shows promise for early measurement of RILI. Methods: An ultra-short echo time imaging sequence based on a pseudo-Cartesian kspace trajectory, known as Sectoral, is implemented at low magnetic field (0.07 T) for efficient use of the non-renewable magnetization of hyperpolarized 129Xe gas. A pilot study was performed to demonstrate the feasibility of ADC mapping using the Sectoral sequence on healthy and 2-weeks post irradiated rats. Results: A significant (p

Download or read book Modern Magnetic Resonance written by Graham A. Webb and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-26 with total page 1889 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive collection of the applications of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Electron-Spin Resonance (ESR). Covers the wide ranging disciplines in which these techniques are used: * Chemistry; * Biological Sciences; * Pharmaceutical Sciences; * Medical uses; * Marine Science; * Materials Science; * Food Science. Illustrates many techniques through the applications described, e.g.: * High resolution solid and liquid state NMR; * Low resolution NMR, especially important in food science; * Solution State NMR, especially important in pharmaceutical sciences; * Magnetic Resonance Imaging, especially important for medical uses; * Electron Spin Resonance, especially important for spin-labelling in food, marine and medical studies.

Download or read book MRI of the Lung written by Hans-Ulrich Kauczor and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-28 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of how to use MRI for the imaging of lung disease. Special emphasis is placed on routine applications and the clinical impact of MRI in each setting. In addition, current technological developments are reviewed and information presented on dedicated applications of MRI in preclinical and translational research, clinical trials, and specialized institutions. During the past two decades, significant advances in the technology have enabled MRI to enter and mature in the clinical arena of chest imaging. Standard protocols are now readily available on MR scanners, and MRI is recommended as the first- or second-line imaging modality for a variety of lung diseases, not limited to cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, and lung cancer. The benefits and added value of MRI originate from its ability to both visualize lung structure and provide information on different aspects of lung function, such as perfusion, respiratory motion, ventilation, and gas exchange. On this basis, novel quantitative surrogates for lung function and therapy control (imaging biomarkers) are generated. The second edition of MRI of the Lung has been fully updated to take account of recent advances. It is written by an internationally balanced team of renowned authors representing all major groups in the field.

Download or read book Fluorine Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Ulrich Flogel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-10-26 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, fluorine (19F) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has garnered significant scientific interest in the biomedical research community owing to the unique properties of fluorinated materials and the 19F nucleus. Fluorine has an intrinsically sensitive nucleus for MRI. There is negligible endogenous 19F in the body and thus there is no background signal. Fluorine-containing compounds are ideal tracer labels for a wide variety of MRI applications. Moreover, the chemical shift and nuclear relaxation rate can be made responsive to physiology via creative molecular design. This book is an interdisciplinary compendium that details cutting-edge science and medical research in the emerging field of 19F MRI. Edited by Ulrich Flögel and Eric Ahrens, two prominent MRI researchers, this book will appeal to investigators involved in MRI, biomedicine, immunology, pharmacology, probe chemistry, and imaging physics.

Download or read book Issues in Engineering Research and Application 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 891 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Engineering Research and Application: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Engineering Research and Application. The editors have built Issues in Engineering Research and Application: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Engineering Research and Application in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Engineering Research and Application: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Download or read book Imaging and Functional Imaging of the Lung written by Joseph M. Reinhardt and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-04-16 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Imaging techniques have been used for decades to detect anomalies, study organ function and for diagnostic purposes. Advances in imaging techniques and image processing as well as a wider availability of lung imaging is providing an increasing amount of data and new insights into lung structure and function and their alterations in common lung diseases. Functional imaging biomarkers have the potential to better characterize individual patient phenotypes, predict disease trajectories, and help personalize therapy. The wealth of new data also confronts us with new challenges in terms of identifying, quantifying, deciphering, and standardizing image-based parameters pertaining to regional lung function.