Download or read book Hydrothermal Conversion of Diatom Frustules Into Barium Titanate Based Replicas written by Eric Michael Ernst and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous organisms produce ornately detailed inorganic structures (often known as shells) with features on length scales from the nanoscale to the microscale. One organism, commonly referred to as a diatom, originates from algae and is found throughout the oceans on Earth. These diatoms possess skeletal structures, frustules, made from silicon dioxide. This chemical makeup limits the number of possible applications for which these structures can be used. Using a series of gas displacement reactions, these frustules can be converted to other useful materials, such as magnesium oxide and titanium dioxide, while maintaining the features of the frustule template. In the current research, silicon dioxide frustules were converted to titanium dioxide replicas using method previously devised by our group. The titanium dioxide replicas were subjected to a hydrothermal reaction by exposing the replicas to an aqueous basic solution containing barium hydroxide to form barium titanate and barium strontium titanate replicas. The effects of reaction temperature, time, and solution composition on extent of conversion were examined. The conventional method of converting titanium dioxide to barium titanate, using a convection heating oven, was compared with a microwave assisted heating method to study the advantages of using microwave heating over convection heating.
Download or read book Diatom Alchemy written by Christopher Stephen Gaddis and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work resulted in the development of multiple distinct and novel methods of cheaply producing large numbers of biologically derived, complex, 3-dimensional microstructures in a multitude of possible compositions. The biologically derived structures employed in this work were diatoms, a type of single celled algae, which grow complex silica shells in species-specific shapes. Due to the wide diversity of naturally occurring diatom shapes (on the order of 105), and the flexibility in tailoring chemical compositions using the methods developed here, real potential exists for cheaply mass-producing industrially relevant quantities of controlled shape and size 3-d particles for the first time. The central theme of this research is the use of diatoms as a transient scaffold onto which a coating is applied. After curing the coating, and in some cases firing the coating to form ceramic, the diatom can be selectively etched away leaving a free standing replica of the original structure with the salient features of the pre-form intact, but now composed of a completely different material. Using this concept, specific methods were developed to suit various precursors. Dip coating techniques were used to create epoxy diatoms, and silicon carbide diatoms. The Sol-Gel method was used to synthesize zirconia diatoms in both the tetragonal and monoclinic phases. A multi step method was developed in which previously synthesized epoxy diatoms were used as a template for deposition of a silicon carbide precursor and then heat treated to produce a silicon carbide/carbon multi-component ceramic. A hydrothermal reaction was also developed to convert Titania diatoms to barium titanate by reaction with barium hydroxide. Finally, the device potential of diatom-derived structures was conclusively demonstrated by constructing a gas sensor from a single Titania diatom. Under suitable conditions, the sensor was found to have the fastest response and recovery time of any sensor of this type reported in the literature. Furthermore, this work has laid the groundwork for the synthesis of many other tailored compositions of diatoms, and provided several compositions for device creation.
Download or read book Diatoms written by Joseph Seckbach and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-07-11 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this new book series (Diatoms: Biology and Applications) is to provide a comprehensive and reliable source of information on diatom biology and applications. The first book of the series, Diatoms Fundamentals & Applications, is wide ranging, starting with the contributions of amateurs and the beauty of diatoms, to details of how their shells are made, how they bend light to their advantage and ours, and major aspects of their biochemistry (photosynthesis and iron metabolism). The book then delves into the ecology of diatoms living in a wide range of habitats, and look at those few that can kill or harm us. The book concludes with a wide range of applications of diatoms, in forensics, manufacturing, medicine, biofuel and agriculture. The contributors are leading international experts on diatoms. This book is for a wide audience researchers, academics, students, and teachers of biology and related disciplines, written to both act as an introduction to diatoms and to present some of the most advanced research on them.
Download or read book Diatoms written by Joseph Seckbach and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-07-01 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this new book series (Diatoms: Biology and Applications) is to provide a comprehensive and reliable source of information on diatom biology and applications. The first book of the series, Diatoms Fundamentals & Applications, is wide ranging, starting with the contributions of amateurs and the beauty of diatoms, to details of how their shells are made, how they bend light to their advantage and ours, and major aspects of their biochemistry (photosynthesis and iron metabolism). The book then delves into the ecology of diatoms living in a wide range of habitats, and look at those few that can kill or harm us. The book concludes with a wide range of applications of diatoms, in forensics, manufacturing, medicine, biofuel and agriculture. The contributors are leading international experts on diatoms. This book is for a wide audience researchers, academics, students, and teachers of biology and related disciplines, written to both act as an introduction to diatoms and to present some of the most advanced research on them.
Download or read book Diatom Nanotechnology written by Dusan Losic and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2018 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of the unique porous silica structure of diatoms, their mechanism of formation, properties and applications.
Download or read book Diatoms written by F. E. Round and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-12-04 with total page 1208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a wide-ranging introduction to the diatoms together with an illustrated description of over 250 genera. Diatoms are important as perhaps the commonest group of autotrophic plants on earth and are abundant in all waters and on soils and moist surfaces. The introduction describes the diatom cell in detail, the structure of the wall (often extremely beautiful in design), the cell contents and aspects of life cycle and cell division. The generic atlas section is the first account of diatom systematics since 1928 (Karsten in Engler and Prantl: Die Nauturlichen Pflanzenfamilien) and each generic description is accompanied by scanning electron micrographs to show the characteristic structure. Most of the latter have been prepared specially for this work from the authors' own collections. The Diatoms will be the standard reference work on the group for years to come and is an essential reference volume.
Download or read book Polymeric and Self Assembled Hydrogels written by Xian Jun Loh and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2013 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only book to give a complete picture of current hydrogel research, covering all the major applications as well as the fundamental principles behind them.
Download or read book Transgenic Microalgae as Green Cell Factories written by Rosa León and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-10 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microalgae have been largely commercialized as food and feed additives, and their potential as a source of high-added value compounds is well known. Yet, only a few species of microalgae have been genetically transformed with efficiency. A better understanding of the mechanisms that control the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes is therefore needed. In this book a group of outstanding researchers working on different areas of microalgae biotechnology offer a global vision of the genetic manipulation of microalgae and their applications.
Download or read book The Diatom World written by Joseph Seckbach and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-07-23 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diatom biology, genomics and ecology are becoming more relevant to the human species. While there have been recent compilations of some of the applied aspects of diatoms, and the dizzying pace of taxonomic revisions, this new volume bring us up to date on their classification, biology and ecology, as well as covering the topics of genomics and applied uses. In this collection, some of the leaders in diatom research present either new information or summarize recent research efforts on a wide range of topics, including the tree of life of diatoms, their classifications, the wide habitats and ecological spectra the group exploits, as well as the beauty of their form. This volume celebrates the diversity, emerging areas of research and fascinating ecology of the diatoms bringing this group of world-renown and emerging research leaders together. 'The Diatom World' will foster greater appreciation and research contributions on this incredibly diverse and fascinating group of organisms.
Download or read book Biopolymers and Biomaterials written by Aneesa Padinjakkara and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biopolymers are attracting immense attention of late because of their diverse applications that can address growing environmental concerns and energy demands. The development of various biomaterials creates significant advancements in the medical field as well, and many biopolymers are used for the fabrication of biomaterials. Together, biopolymers and biomaterials create great potential for new materials, applications, and uses. This new volume, Biopolymers and Biomaterials, covers the science and application of biopolymers and biomaterials. It presents an array of different studies on biopolymers and biomaterials, along with their results, interpretation, and the conclusions arrived at through investigations. It includes biopolymer synthesis, their characterizations, and their potential applications. The book begins with an explanation of the different biopolymers used in the textile industry, their advantages and disadvantages, and their applications.
Download or read book Delivery System Handbook for Personal Care and Cosmetic Products written by Meyer Rosen and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2013-01-15 with total page 1097 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Novel delivery systems designed to facilitate the use of ôfountain of youthö and other functional actives is an idea whose time has come. In a rapidly growing global market eager for products that really work, accelerating market pull forces and technology push have set the stage for this foundation text. This ômust haveö book has been carefully designed for training, development and synergistic technology transfer across the personal care, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. It is not only intended for scientists and technologists but will also be of high interest to market development and business personnel. This book will cause a breakthrough in effective interaction among technology and marketing. It is a showcase for understanding, using and marketing the technology of why and how delivery systems work as well as current, emerging/potential applications and working formulations. Each chapter is written by one or more experts in the field. A wide range of companies serving the global marketplace are represented. These companies offer numerous types of delivery systems containing highly desirable functional actives, delivery system technology development services, and opportunities for technology licensing, mergers and acquisitions. A unique feature of the book is the use of Mind MapÖ technology to capture and present the essence of the thinking of over 80 authors in a ôBook-at-a-Glanceö Executive Overview section. This section has been specifically designed to empower decision making leading to the development of innovative product differentiation in a global context.
Download or read book Antifascisms written by David Ward and published by Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an in-depth analysis of three of the most crucial years in twentieth-century Italian history, the years 1943-46. After more than two decades of a Fascist regime and a disastrous war experience during which Italy changed sides, these years saw the laying of the political and cultural foundations for what has since become known as Italy's First Republic. Drawing on texts from the literature, film, journalism, and political debate of the period, Antifascisms offers a thorough survey of the personalities and positions that informed the decisions taken in this crucial phase of modern Italian history.
Download or read book Green Materials for Electronics written by Mihai Irimia-Vladu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-12-04 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combining the materials science, technological, and device aspects of organic bioelectronics based on green materials, this is the first overview of the emerging concepts involving fabrication techniques for sustainable electronics with low energy and material consumption. With contributions from top-notch editors and authors, in one focus, the book covers a collection of natural materials suited for electronics applications such as paper, silk, melanin, DNA and nucleobases, resins, gums, saccharides, cellulose, gelatine and peptides. In another thrust, the book focuses on device fabrication based on these materials, including processing aspects, and applications such as sensors, signal transducers, transient, implantable and digestible electronics. With its interdisciplinary approach this text will appeal to the chemistry, physics, materials science, and engineering communities.
Download or read book Ceramic Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lattice Engineering written by Shumin Wang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-11-27 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains comprehensive reviews of different technologies to harness lattice mismatch in semiconductor heterostructures and their applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices. While the book is a bit focused on metamorphic epitaxial growth, it also includes other methods like compliant substrate, selective area growth, wafer bonding, heterostructure nanowires, and more. Basic knowledge on dislocations in semiconductors and innovative methods to eliminate threading dislocations are provided, and successful device applications are reviewed. It covers a variety of important semiconductor materials like SiGe, III-V including GaN and nano-wires; epitaxial methods like molecular beam epitaxy and metal organic vapor phase epitaxy; and devices like transistors and lasers etc.
Download or read book Chirality Magnetism and Magnetoelectricity written by Eugene Kamenetskii and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-27 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses theoretical and experimental advances in metamaterial structures, which are of fundamental importance to many applications in microwave and optical-wave physics and materials science. Metamaterial structures exhibit time-reversal and space-inversion symmetry breaking due to the effects of magnetism and chirality. The book addresses the characteristic properties of various symmetry breaking processes by studying field-matter interaction with use of conventional electromagnetic waves and novel types of engineered fields: twisted-photon fields, toroidal fields, and magnetoelectric fields. In a system with a combined effect of simultaneous breaking of space and time inversion symmetries, one observes the magnetochiral effect. Another similar phenomenon featuring space-time inversion symmetries is related to use of magnetoelectric materials. Cross-coupling of the electric and magnetic components in these material structures, leading to the appearance of new magnetic modes with an electric excitation channel – electromagnons and skyrmions – has resulted in a wealth of strong optical effects such as directional dichroism, magnetochiral dichroism, and rotatory power of the fields. This book contains multifaceted contributions from international leading experts and covers the essential aspects of symmetry-breaking effects, including theory, modeling and design, proven and potential applications in practical devices, fabrication, characterization and measurement. It is ideally suited as an introduction and basic reference work for researchers and graduate students entering this field.
Download or read book Handbook of Glycomics written by Richard D. Cummings and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-10-19 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Glycomics provides the first comprehensive overview of the emerging field of glycomics, defined as the study of all complex carbohydrates in an organism or cell ("the glycome"). Beginning with analytic approaches and bioinformatics, this work provides a detailed discussion of relevant databases, data integration, and analysis. It then moves on to a discussion of specific model organism and pathogen glycomes followed by therapeutic approaches to human disorders of glycosylization. Structure and function of glycomes are included along with state-of-the-art technologies and systems approaches to the analysis of glycans. - Synthesizes contributions from experts in biology, chemistry, bioinformatics, biotechnology, and medicine - Highlights chapters devoted to chemical synthesis, cancer glycomics and immune cell glycomics - Includes discussions of proteomics, mass spectrometry, NMR, array technology, and transcriptomics analytic approaches
