Download or read book Hydrometeor Parameters Determined from the Radar Data of the SAMS Rain Erosion Program written by V. G. Plank and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The traditional equations relating the radar reflectivity factor and the precipitation rate are reviewed. The hydrometeor and radar parameters involved in the AFCRL/SAMS program at Wallops Island, Virginia, are defined and the methods of measurement and correlation are explained. The hydrometeor regions and transition zones of the Wallops Island storms are discussed and the methods of computing the precipitation rate, the liquid-water-content, and the integral of the liquid-water-content along the trajectories of the SAMS missiles fired into the storms are demonstrated. A case example is presented to illustrate the details of the computational procedures. The uncertainties of the liquid-water-content values determined from radar measurements are assessed, to a first approximation. Size distribution information is also presented for the different types of hydrometeors, based on theoretical distribution functions.
Download or read book Hydrometeor Parameters Determined from the Radar Data of the SAMS Rain Erosion Program written by Vernon G. Plank and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The traditional equations relating the radar reflectivity factor and the precipitation rate are reviewed. The hydrometeor and radar parameters involved in the AFCRL/SAMS program at Wallops Island, Virginia, are defined and the methods of measurement and correlation are explained. The hydrometeor regions and transition zones of the Wallops Island storms are discussed and the methods of computing the precipitation rate, the liquid-water-content, and the integral of the liquid-water-content along the trajectories of the SAMS missiles fired into the storms are demonstrated. A case example is presented to illustrate the details of the computational procedures. The uncertainties of the liquid-water-content values determined from radar measurements are assessed, to a first approximation. Size distribution information is also presented for the different types of hydrometeors, based on theoretical distribution functions.
Download or read book HYDROMETEOR PARAMETERS DETERMINED FROM THE RADAR DATA OF THE SAMS RAIN EROSION PROGRAM AFCRL SAMS REPORT NR 2 written by Vernon G. Plank and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydrometeor Data and Analytical theoretical Investigations Pertaining to the SAMS Rain Erosion Program of the 1972 73 Season at Wallops Island Virginia written by V. G. Plank and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radar, aircraft, and surface measurement information is presented concerning the liquid-water-content values and size distribution properties of the hydrometeors that existed along the trajectory paths of the four SAMS missiles that were fired into Wallops storm during the 1972-73 season.
Download or read book Implications of the Khrgian Mazin Distribution Function for Water Clouds and Distribution Consistencies with Aerosols and Rain written by V. G. Plank and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Research Papers written by U.S. Air Force Geophysics Laboratory and published by . This book was released on with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Climatology of Selected Storms for Wallops Island Virginia 1971 1975 written by Robert O. Berthel and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The SAMS hydrometeor erosion tests, held during the winter storm seasons of 1971 through 1975, have yielded considerable meteorological data concerning the weather situations that were prevalent at the time of each test. The situations have been categorized into three different types and the data under each category have been statistically analyzed to produce the mean values and corresponding standard deviations of many meteorological parameters. The data are presented in both tables and graphs for each category, plus wind speed direction up to 12 km in altitude for all situations. A general description of storm structure is given defining regions of precipitation and zones of transition. An appendix of general climatic data for Wallops Island, Virginia is included. (Author).
Download or read book Comparison Study of Models Used to Prescribe Hydrometeor Water Content Values written by Russell M. Peirce and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this report, the calculation of riometer absorption during several PCA events of particular interest is presented. These calculations are based on earlier work in which an improved effective recombination coefficient was derived and an atmospheric model for (1) each month of the year, (2) day and night, and (3) 60 deg N and 90 deg N latitude was presented. In this report, the calculated values of riometer absorption are presented for 5 PCA events: 2 Nov. 69, 7 Mar. 70, 25 Jan. 71, 2 Sep. 71, and 3 Aug. 72. The calculated values of riometer absorption are compared with experimental values measured for both day and night conditions at Thule, Greenland. An approximate connection between riometer absorption and the square-root of the proton flux for nighttime conditions is presented. This relationship, which has previously been applied only for daytime conditions, is discussed both on a fundamental level and on the level of verification by comparison with experiment. In addition, the basic equation widely used to calculate riometer absorption is compared with the original Sen-Wyller result.
Download or read book Microphysical Properties of a Large Scale Cloud System 1 3 March 1978 written by Donald J. Varley and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the microphysical properties observed by a specially-instrumented C-130 while flying in portions of a large cloud system on 3 successive days in March 1978. Each of the flights was made slightly east of an upper level trough as it moved across the U.S. Horizontal sampling passes of 50 to 100 nm (93 to 186 km) in length were made at various levels from approximately 2 to 9 km above ground in portions of the cloud system that were relatively homogeneous horizontally and vertically. Particle spectra data from PMS 1-D spectrometers were averaged for consecutive 20-sec periods. On each of the 3 days the particles having the smallest mean size were observed at the highest levels flown and had median diameters near 100 micrometers. The calculated equivalent liquid water content from 7 to 9 km was near 0.0 1 g cu m. The total particle count was between 8,000 and 18,000 cu m over Arkansas and coastal Delaware, but was near 25,000 cu m over the mountains of New Mexico. Values of mass and particle size increased with particle distance fallen, by indicating growth by collective means. The largest equivalent liquid water content values were near 1 g cu m and were recorded in the large snow just above the freezing level. The form factor, a mathematical parameter, was found useful in studying particle spectra. Certain maxima and minima observed in several plotted spectra, especially those from 7-km altitude data, are suggested as being due to an aggregation mechanism. (Author).
Download or read book A Method to Predict the Parameters of a Full Spectral Distribution from Instrumentally Truncated Data written by Robert O. Berthel and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Techniques for Measuring Liquid Water Content Along a Trajectory written by Rosemary M. Dyer and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The standard procedure for estimating the point value of liquid water content (M) along the reentry path of a ballistic missile is to use a radar derived value of radar reflectivity factor (Z), with the M to Z relation obtained from aircraft measurements of the particle spectrum. This report contains descriptions of the various techniques used to make the radar and aircraft data compatible. The results of various methods to predict the liquid water content values are compared with aircraft measured values. The extrapolation of instrumentally truncated aircraft measurements to include the entire range of particle sizes is treated in Section 1. Section 2 contains a discussion of the method of deriving nominal M-Z relations, applies the method to data acquired at Kwajalein Missile Range, and provides M-Z relations for rain, small snow, large snow, and bullet rosettes. The introduction of the factor 'k' to convert from aircraft measurements to radar derived values is also discussed in Section 2. The relationship of k with altitude and temperature for data from Kwajalein and Wallops Island is covered in Section 3. Finally, Section 4 contains a determination of the accuracy to which liquid water content can be estimated from climatological storm data for moderate to heavy stratiform winter storms at Wallops Island. The results of Section 4 demonstrate that situations which deviate significantly from climatological averages still require time- specific M-Z relations derived from simultaneous aircraft-radar measurements.
Download or read book Air Force Surveys in Geophysics written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Instrumentation Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atmospheric Attenuation of Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves written by Vincent J. Falcone and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric attenuation of millimeter and submillimeter waves is calculated for clear, fog, cloud and rain atmospheres. The frequency range considered is 1-1000 GHz. The clear atmospheres transmission spectra is calculated by a computer efficient algorithm of AFGL's HITRAN code. This new code is called FASCODE-1. The hydrometeor attenuation of fog, clouds and rain (precipitation), calculated by Mie scattering is addend to FASCODE-1. Models of fog, clouds and rain typical of mid-latitude temperate regions are used in calculations of transmission and attenuation.
Download or read book NASA Technical Paper written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 882 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
