Download or read book Hydrogen Production from Simulated Gasoline Using Nickel based Catalysts written by Andrew Tadd and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hydrogen Production from Gasoline Using Nickel Based Catalysts written by Andrew Roland Tadd and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hydrogen Production Through Water Gas Shift Reaction Over Nickel Catalysts written by Agus Haryanto and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The progress in fuel cell technology has resulted in an increased interest towards hydrogen fuel. Consequently, water gas shift reaction has found a renewed significance. Even though iron- and copper-based catalysts have been used for water gas shift reaction for decades, the catalysts are not strong enough to bring carbon monoxide concentration to a level tolerable for a fuel cell working at low temperatures. This study is focused on hydrogen production from water gas shift reaction using a nickel catalyst. Literature review revealed that nickel is one of the promising catalysts for water gas shift reaction. A thermodynamic analysis proved that exothermic water gas shift reaction is thermodynamically favorable at low temperatures but kinetically limited, and vice versa at higher temperatures. Initial experiments using 12 catalysts supported over monolith alumina revealed that nickel supported on ceria-promoted monolith alumina (Ni/CeO2-Al2O3) performed best, especially at 500°C. At this temperature and steam flowrates of 0.1-0.5 ml/min, the nickel catalyst had an activity of 94-99%, H2 yield of 55-61 vol.%, and H2 selectivity of 77-99%. A second set of experiments examined nine nickel based catalysts using different supports (mostly in powder form) which also demonstrated that Ni/CeO2-Al2O3 is the most promising catalyst for high temperature (450°C) water gas shift reaction. When nickel loading was varied from 1 to 8% (w/w), it was apparent that the catalyst performance increased with the nickel loading. Powder alumina resulted in better catalysis than monolith alumina. In this experiment, it was evident that the presence of minor amounts (1% (w/w) of the nickel loading) of a dopant material that included cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, or ruthenium affected the catalytic activity of the primary catalyst. The addition of cobalt or chromium resulted in positive effect on the performance of Ni/CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst. There was no appreciable effect due to the addition of ruthenium, and there was negative effect owing to the presence of molybdenum. Undoped, cobalt-doped, or chromium-doped Ni/CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst performed much better for water gas shift reaction at 450°C than that of a commercial (control) catalyst. A kinetic study revealed that the activation energy of water gas shift reaction over Ni/CeO2-Al2O3 was to be 104.5 kJ/mol.

Download or read book HYDROGEN PRODUCTION THROUGH WATER GAS SHIFT REACTION OVER NICKEL CATALYSTS written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The progress in fuel cell technology has resulted in an increased interest towards hydrogen fuel. Consequently, water gas shift reaction has found a renewed significance. Even though iron- and copper-based catalysts have been used for water gas shift reaction for decades, the catalysts are not strong enough to bring carbon monoxide concentration to a level tolerable for a fuel cell working at low temperatures. This study is focused on hydrogen production from water gas shift reaction using a nickel catalyst. Literature review revealed that nickel is one of the promising catalysts for water gas shift reaction. A thermodynamic analysis proved that exothermic water gas shift reaction is thermodynamically favorable at low temperatures but kinetically limited, and vice versa at higher temperatures. Initial experiments using 12 catalysts supported over monolith alumina revealed that nickel supported on ceria-promoted monolith alumina (Ni/CeO2-Al2O3) performed best, especially at 500oC. At this temperature and steam flowrates of 0.1-0.5 ml/min, the nickel catalyst had an activity of 94-99%, H2 yield of 55-61 vol.%, and H2 selectivity of 77-99%. A second set of experiments examined nine nickel based catalysts using different supports (mostly in powder form) which also demonstrated that Ni/CeO2-Al2O3 is the most promising catalyst for high temperature (450oC) water gas shift reaction. When nickel loading was varied from 1 to 8% (w/w), it was apparent that the catalyst performance increased with the nickel loading. Powder alumina resulted in better catalysis than monolith alumina. In this experiment, it was evident that the presence of minor amounts (1% (w/w) of the nickel loading) of a dopant material that included cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, or ruthenium affected the catalytic activity of the primary catalyst. The addition of cobalt or chromium resulted in positive effect on the performance of Ni/CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst. There was no appreciable effect due to the addition of.

Download or read book Structured Catalysts and Reactors written by Andrzej Cybulski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-11-02 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in structured catalysts is steadily increasing due to the already proven, as well as potential, advantages of these catalysts. Updating the comprehensive coverage of the first edition published in 1998 with the latest science and applications, Structured Catalysts and Reactors, Second Edition gives detailed information on all aspect

Download or read book Nickel Based Catalysts for Hydrogen Production from the Pyrolysis gasification of Refuse Derived Fuel RDF written by Paula Helena Blanco Sanchez and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Methanation Catalysts written by G. H. Watson and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hydrogen Production Technologies written by Mehmet Sankir and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 653 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive practical review of the new technologies used to obtain hydrogen more efficiently via catalytic, electrochemical, bio- and photohydrogen production. Hydrogen has been gaining more attention in both transportation and stationary power applications. Fuel cell-powered cars are on the roads and the automotive industry is demanding feasible and efficient technologies to produce hydrogen. The principles and methods described herein lead to reasonable mitigation of the great majority of problems associated with hydrogen production technologies. The chapters in this book are written by distinguished authors who have extensive experience in their fields, and readers will have a chance to compare the fundamental production techniques and learn about the pros and cons of these technologies. The book is organized into three parts. Part I shows the catalytic and electrochemical principles involved in hydrogen production technologies. Part II addresses hydrogen production from electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) by decomposing organic compound into hydrogen in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). The final part of the book is concerned with photohydrogen generation. Recent developments in the area of semiconductor-based nanomaterials, specifically semiconductor oxides, nitrides and metal free semiconductor-based nanomaterials for photocatalytic hydrogen production are extensively discussed.

Download or read book Development of Nickel based Catalysts for Hydrogen Production from Methane and Methanol written by Richard Augusto Couttenye and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nickel Based Catalysts for Hydrogen Production from the Pyrolysis written by Paula Helena Blanco Sanchez and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hydrogen Production Via Glycerol Dry Reforming Over Nickel Catalyst Supported on Sio2 and Al2O3 Modified by La written by Farahani Sarajuddin and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, energy has become the most demand for human needed. The utilization of future energy that is clean and sustainable becomes increasingly urgent because of dwindling petroleum reserves and mounting environmental concerns that are associated with fossil fuel. Hydrogen has been considered as the most suitable alternative for future energy aiming to reduce the dependence on fossil fuel and carbon based emission. Previously, non-renewable resources mainly coal, fossil fuel, petroleum coke, and petroleum residues has been widely used as the main feedstock for syngas (H2 and CO) production. However, due to the various factors such are global warming, the unstable price and availability of petroleum-based oil as well as the environmental pollution, the desirability towards biomass (glycerol) as the alternative energy feedstock has attract the world's attention. Glycerol which a by-product of biodiesel production is one of the most promising renewable sources associated environmental impacts from the usage of the fossil fuels in which it minimal carbon dioxide (CO2) emission and more preferable in fuels production. In recent years, the production of hydrogen from glycerol via steam reforming widely investigated, only a few studies on dry reforming with CO2. Therefore, this project was attempted to study the production of hydrogen via glycerol dry reforming over nickel (Ni) catalyst supported on silica oxide (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) modified with lanthanum (La). This works aims to synthesis, characterize, and screening Ni catalyst supported on SiO2 and Al2O3 with promoted in La solution using various techniques such are Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis , Mastersizer 2000 Ver.5.60 and elemental analysis. The catalyst characterization includes their porosity, structure, crystalline behaviour, and a physiochemical property is investigated. It shows that the promoted catalyst possessed smaller metal crystalline size, hence higher metal dispersion compared than both Ni/Al2O3 and Ni/SiO2 catalyst. In addition, the particle size distribution measured by Mastersizer measurement for promoted alumina catalyst gave higher size distribution which about 0.452 m2/g compared than silica oxides support. The reaction studies for syngas production at T=973 K for 3 hour reaction time with the inlet flowrate and carbon to to glycerol ratio is 0.03 ml/min and 1 had successfully produced H2 with glycerol conversion and H2 yield that peaked at 5.8% and 28% respectively over 3% La content. The catalyst screening shows that the alumina support gave excellent catalytic performance compared than silica oxide due to the larger surface area and smaller crystallite size that ensured accessibility of active catalytic area.

Download or read book Catalysts for Hydrogen Production by the Auto Thermal Reforming of Glycerol written by Faezeh Sabri and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dynamic Modeling Simulation and Control of Energy Generation written by Ranjan Vepa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-11 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the core issues involved in the dynamic modeling, simulation and control of a selection of energy systems such as gas turbines, wind turbines, fuel cells and batteries. The principles of modeling and control could be applied to other non-convention methods of energy generation such as solar energy and wave energy. A central feature of Dynamic Modeling, Simulation and Control of Energy Generation is that it brings together diverse topics in thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, electro-chemistry, electrical networks and electrical machines and focuses on their applications in the field of energy generation, its control and regulation. This book will help the reader understand the methods of modelling energy systems for controller design application as well as gain a basic understanding of the processes involved in the design of control systems and regulators. It will also be a useful guide to simulation of the dynamics of energy systems and for implementing monitoring systems based on the estimation of internal system variables from measurements of observable system variables. Dynamic Modeling, Simulation and Control of Energy Generation will serve as a useful aid to designers of hybrid power generating systems involving advanced technology systems such as floating or offshore wind turbines and fuel cells. The book introduces case studies of the practical control laws for a variety of energy generation systems based on nonlinear dynamic models without relying on linearization. Also the book introduces the reader to the use nonlinear model based estimation techniques and their application to energy systems.

Download or read book Sustainable Hydrogen Production written by Ibrahim Dincer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-08-05 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable Hydrogen Production provides readers with an introduction to the processes and technologies used in major hydrogen production methods. This book serves as a unique source for information on advanced hydrogen generation systems and applications (including integrated systems, hybrid systems, and multigeneration systems with hydrogen production). Advanced and clean technologies are linked to environmental impact issues, and methods for sustainable development are thoroughly discussed. With Earth’s fast-growing populations, we face the challenge of rapidly rising energy needs. To balance these we must explore more sustainable methods of energy production. Hydrogen is one key sustainable method because of its versatility. It is a constituent of a large palette of essential materials, chemicals, and fuels. It is a source of power and a source of heat. Because of this versatility, the demand for hydrogen is sure to increase as we aim to explore more sustainable methods of energy. Furthermore, Sustainable Hydrogen Production provides methodologies, models, and analysis techniques to help achieve better use of resources, efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability. The book is intellectually rich and interesting as well as practical. The fundamental methods of hydrogen production are categorized based on type of energy source: electrical, thermal, photonic, and biochemical. Where appropriate, historical context is introduced. Thermodynamic concepts, illustrative examples, and case studies are used to solve concrete power engineering problems. Addresses the fundamentals of hydrogen production using electrical, thermal, photonic, and biochemical energies Presents new models, methods, and parameters for performance assessment Provides historical background where appropriate Outlines key connections between hydrogen production methods and environmental impact/sustainable development Provides illustrative examples, case studies, and study problems within each chapter

Download or read book Catalysis without Precious Metals written by R. Morris Bullock and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-02 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written for chemists in industry and academia, this ready reference and handbook summarizes recent progress in the development of new catalysts that do not require precious metals. The research thus presented points the way to how new catalysts may ultimately supplant the use of precious metals in some types of reactions, while highlighting the remaining challenges. An essential copanion for organic and catalytic chemists, as well as those working with/on organometallics and graduate students. From the contents: * Catalysis Involving the H' Transfer Reactions of First-Row Transition Metals * Catalytic Reduction of Dinitrogen to Ammonia by Molybdenum Complexes * Molybdenum and Tungsten Catalysts for Hydrogenation, Hydrosilylation and Hydrolysis * Iron in Catalytic Alkene and Carbonyl Hydrogenation Reactions * Olefin Oligomerizations and Polymerizations Catalyzed by Iron and Cobalt Complexes * Cobalt and Nickel Catalyzed Reactions Involving C-H and C-N Activation Reactions * Development of Molecular Electrocatalysts for H2 Oxidation and Production Based on Inexpensive Metals * Nickel-Catalyzed Reductinve Couplings and Cyclizations * Copper-Catalyzed Ligand Promoted Ullmann-Type Coupling Reactions * Copper-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition * "Frustrated Lewis Pairs": A Metal-Free Strategy for Hydrogenation Catalysis

Download or read book First Principles Studies of Catalysts for Energy Generation and Storage written by Dongjoon Kim (Chemical engineer) and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reducing and mitigating anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) has become the central grand challenge of the 21th century. The human caused GHG are mainly CO2 gas (80%) and CH4 gas (10%) and especially, excessive use of fossil fuels increases the amounts of GHG. However, it is not feasible to completely remove the use of all fossil fuels because of the heavy dependence of fossil fuels by automotive, chemicals, and plastics industries. Therefore, any solution to moving towards non-fossil fuel sources will require a necessary transition phase, where efficient use of natural gas, which is cleaner than coal or oil/gasoline, will play an important role. In this dissertation, there are two parts to tackle renewable energy generation to resolve global warming and promote a smooth transition of carbon-neutral economy. The first part (chapter 3, 4, and 5) is to introduce electrocatalysts for CO2 conversion into high valued carbon products (e.g., fuels and chemicals) along with hydrogen production via water splitting reaction. The second part (chapter 6, 7, and 8) is to employ thermal catalysts for efficient and selective alkane (e.g., CH4) oxidation reaction toward value-added products such as alcohols, and oxygenated carbon. Developing catalysts are often challenging because catalysts tend to expensive and rare, and the experimental processes are risky and time-consuming. To reduce the costs and risks from the experimental approach, modeling of catalyst design can become a vital alternative. In this dissertation, there are extensive uses of a widely used atomic-scale computation method, density functional theory (DFT) for thermodynamic and kinetic analysis of various chemical reactions (e.g., H2O splitting, CO2 reduction, and CH4 oxidation). These DFT predictions can be utilized as an experimental guidance to save costs and potential risks from experiments. For the first half of the dissertation (chapter 3,4, and 5), DFT is used to analyze activity and selectivity of H2O splitting and CO2 reduction reactions on heterogenous catalyst surfaces with potential dependent thermodynamic and kinetic quantities. For instance, we study design of nickel-selenide based hetero-nanostructured electrocatalyst for improvement of hydrogen production through water-splitting reaction via DFT simulation (chapter 3). DFT simulation predicts that interfacial coupling of hetero nanostructures plays a vital role in enhancing the electrochemical performance. Another DFT work (chapter 4) is to examine impact of Au-Cu bimetallic composition and applied potential on CO2 electroreduction selectivity. DFT predicts that differences in binding of CHOO intermediate versus COOH intermediate on available local Cu-Au ensemble structures at low applied potential leads to experimentally observed selective production of CO versus formate. The last work of first half deals with DFT studies on selectivity improvement for CO2 reduction reaction on gold and copper transition metal catalyst surfaces (chapter 5). DFT predictions provide insights into the importance of kinetic barriers influencing branching points of C1 products on Au and Cu catalysts. In particular, large barriers play a role in suppressing the formate pathway on Au(111) catalysts. The second half of the dissertation focuses on alkane oxidation, primarily CH4, on transition metal catalysts under oxygen-rich conditions. For example, we study the composition effects of Pd/Pt bimetallic catalysts for CH4 oxidation reaction activity under wet conditions where H2O can block active sites and reduce catalyst activity (chapter 6). DFT results indicate that adsorbed H2O on Pt substituted to PdO migrates to the metallic Pt domain and then undergoes desorption with low adsorption energy. This process removes H2O from methane active sites resulting in enhanced performance of the Pd/Pt bimetallic catalyst under wet conditions. We also have CH4 oxidation selectivity studies. We examine the use of rutile RhO2 catalysts for selective CH4 oxidation (chapter 7) through DFT computations. We explore CH4 binding chemistry and complete oxidation reaction mechanisms on the RhO2(110) surface. Based on DFT predictions, RhO2(110) surface has high potential to effectively produce ethylene because of the moderate catalytic activity (RuO2

Download or read book Hydrogen Production from Nonrenewable Resources written by Mohammad Reza Rahimpour and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-11-08 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conventional generation of a substantial quantity of hydrogen from resources based on fossil fuels continues to play an essential role in the hydrogen economy. Hydrogen Production from Nonrenewable Resources offers a comprehensive overview and features three sections covering properties and characteristics of hydrogen, technologies for converting nonrenewable sources to hydrogen, and challenges in synthesis and production. Details of thermophysical characteristics and properties of hydrogen Covers conventional and novel industrial technologies for efficient production Explores environmental opportunities and challenges and health and safety regulations Provides techno‐economic and lifecycle assessments with future outlooks Part of the multivolume Handbook of Hydrogen Production and Applications, this standalone book guides researchers and academics in chemical, environmental, energy, and related areas of engineering interested in the development and implementation of hydrogen production technologies.