Download or read book Hydrodynamic Uncertainty in Oil Spill Modeling written by Xianlong Hou and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new method is presented to provide automatic sequencing of multiple hydrodynamic models and automated analysis of model forecast uncertainty. A Hydrodynamic and oil spill model Python (HyosPy) wrapper was developed to run the hydrodynamic model, link with the oil spill, and visualize results. The HyosPy wrapper completes the following steps automatically: (1) downloads wind and tide data (nowcast, forecast and historical); (2) converts data to hydrodynamic model input; (3) initializes a sequence of hydrodynamic models starting at pre-defined intervals on a multi-processor workstation. Each model starts from the latest observed data, so that the multiple models provide a range of forecast hydrodynamics with different initial and boundary conditions reflecting different forecast horizons. As a simple testbed for integration strategies and visualization on Google Earth, a Runge-Kutta 4th order (RK4) particle transport tracer routine is developed for oil spill transport. The model forecast uncertainty is estimated by the difference between forecasts in the sequenced model runs and quantified by using statistics measurements. The HyosPy integrated system with wind and tide force is demonstrated by introducing an imaginary oil spill in Corpus Christi Bay. The results show that challenges in operational oil spill modeling can be met by leveraging existing models and web-visualization methods to provide tools for emergency managers.

Download or read book Evaluating Hydrodynamic Uncertainty in Oil Spill Modeling written by Xianlong Hou and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new method is presented to provide automatic sequencing of multiple hydrodynamic models and automated analysis of model forecast uncertainty. A Hydrodynamic and oil spill model Python (HyosPy) wrapper was developed to run the hydrodynamic model, link with the oil spill, and visualize results. The HyosPy wrapper completes the following steps automatically: (1) downloads wind and tide data (nowcast, forecast and historical); (2) converts data to hydrodynamic model input; (3) initializes a sequence of hydrodynamic models starting at pre-defined intervals on a multi-processor workstation. Each model starts from the latest observed data, so that the multiple models provide a range of forecast hydrodynamics with different initial and boundary conditions reflecting different forecast horizons. As a simple testbed for integration strategies and visualization on Google Earth, a Runge-Kutta 4th order (RK4) particle transport tracer routine is developed for oil spill transport. The model forecast uncertainty is estimated by the difference between forecasts in the sequenced model runs and quantified by using statistics measurements. The HyosPy integrated system with wind and tide force is demonstrated by introducing an imaginary oil spill in Corpus Christi Bay. The results show that challenges in operational oil spill modeling can be met by leveraging existing models and web-visualization methods to provide tools for emergency managers.

Download or read book Quantifying Transport Process Uncertainty for Oil Spill Modeling Across the Bay shelf Continuum written by Dongyu Feng and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oil spills are a common environmental issue in estuaries and coastal oceans. Such spills can be caused by ship collisions, offshore oil rig blowouts, or onshore leakage from production facilities. To minimize spill impacts, operational managers require reliable and rapid real-time prediction of oil transport paths through bays and inlets. Such modeling tools can be used for advanced planning, real-time decision-making, and post-event analysis of spill spatial extents. Advanced oil spill operational systems are commonly applied to predict the fate and trajectory of a spill - data that is needed as rapidly as possible during a spill event to set up containment equipment. In operational oil spill modeling, predictions require velocity currents provided by hydrodynamic models, which often employ a moderate domain size and coarse-resolution grids for computational efficiency and rapid predictions. However, coarse resolution models limit the accuracy of the modeling prediction. In particular, a practical coarse-grid resolution can introduce model structural errors when the small-scale flow features are poorly resolved. Such errors have been called "geometric uncertainty", as the coarse-grid geometry of the model introduces uncertain error into the predictions. Of particular interest are starting jet vortices (tidal eddies) that are common at the inlet of bar-built estuaries with narrow inlet channels, where channel dredging and jetties have been employed to aid ship traffic. These eddies influence Lagrangian transport paths and hence the fate of an oil spill potentially entering or leaving an estuary. A further problem is that the multi-scale flows that combine bay and coastal shelf physics are not typically represented in estuary models, which limits the accuracy of oil spill predictions across the shelf-estuary interface. The errors introduced by neglecting the multi-scale flows can be significant, particularly when the alongshore currents on the shelf encountering strong tidal flows at the estuary entrance. At model scales relevant to the operational prediction of oil spills, this research quantifies: (i) effects of tidal eddies on mixing process and effects at a channel entrance, (ii) geometric uncertainty associated with bay oil spills, and (iii) oil spill transport across the shelf-estuary interface. These issues are addressed using Galveston Bay as the study site. It is demonstrated that an adequate eddy solution is obtained at the horizontal grid size of ∼140 m, and the model at a practical operational grid resolution (∼400 m) captures neither the eddies nor their effects on particle movement, despite showing a satisfactory prediction of net transport through the inlet. With regards to geometric uncertainty, the research shows that such uncertainty is variable in both space and time, and can increase during strong flow dynamics. It is further shown that multi-scale flows affect oil spill transport across the shelf-estuary interface, and models that are focused on either the shelf or the coastal region alone will poorly represent the transport. To address these issues, this study proposes: (i) an empirical Lagrangian eddy model to simulate eddy effects at a channel entrance when an operational model has insufficient grid resolution, (ii) a data-driven uncertainty model and a multi-model integration to operationally quantify the geometric uncertainty, and (iii) a new 3-dimensional Galveston Bay model to reproduce the multi-scale flows that control the shelf-estuary transport. The technologies developed herein are able to integrate small-scale physics and explicit information of estimated modeling errors, and thus improve oil spill predictions at operational grid scales. The approach integrates results from coarse-resolution and fine-resolution models, providing emergency managers a more reliable tool for rapid spill assessment and response. This research enhances our understanding of the oil transport across the threshold between two contiguous water systems and highlights the importance of resolving the multi-scale flows that affect the fate and transport of oil spills

Download or read book Comunidad latinoamericano de escritores written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulation of Oil Pollution Problems written by Matthias Ehrhardt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-10 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by outstanding experts in the fields of marine engineering, atmospheric physics and chemistry, fluid dynamics and applied mathematics, the contributions in this book cover a wide range of subjects, from pure mathematics to real-world applications in the oil spill engineering business. Offering a truly interdisciplinary approach, the authors present both mathematical models and state-of-the-art numerical methods for adequately solving the partial differential equations involved, as well as highly practical experiments involving actual cases of ocean oil pollution. It is indispensable that different disciplines of mathematics, like analysis and numerics, together with physics, biology, fluid dynamics, environmental engineering and marine science, join forces to solve today’s oil pollution problems. The book will be of great interest to researchers and graduate students in the environmental sciences, mathematics and physics, showing the broad range of techniques needed in order to solve these pollution problems; and to practitioners working in the oil spill pollution industry, offering them a professional reference resource.

Download or read book Oil Spill Risk Management written by David E. Dietrich and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-09-10 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed to help scientifically astute non-specialists understand basic geophysical and computational fluid dynamics concepts relating to oil spill simulations, and related modeling issues and challenges. A valuable asset to the engineer or manager working off-shore in the oil and gas industry, the authors, a team of renowned geologists and engineers, offer practical applications to mitigate any offshore spill risks, using research never before published.

Download or read book Marine Oil Spill Simulation and Uncertainty Analysis a Case Study in the Newfoundland Offshore Area written by Xiao Zheng and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oil spills have been regarded as one of the major contributors to marine pollution. With the rapidly changing environmental conditions and the diverse uncertainties in the data associated with the observation or meteorological and oceanographic data, the simulation of an oil spill is challenging to be accurate and reliable enough for supporting response management. Furthermore, with the different assumptions, structures and translations of various simulation models, results could significantly vary even with the same inputs. The objectives of this research are therefore 1) to compare three widely used models for offshore oil spill simulation and evaluate their capabilities under harsh environmental conditions; and 2) to develop a Design of Experiment (DOE) based approach for analyzing uncertainties associated with the spill modeling input and parameters to help improve offshore oil spill simulation. In this research, the Terra Nova oil spill occurred on November 21, 2004, the largest oil spill in offshore Newfoundland, was chosen as a case study. The models, namely GNOME/ADIOS2 and OSCAR, were employed for the simulation of fate and transport of the spilled oil. During the simulation, ocean currents data from the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and surface wind data measured by the National Climate Data Center (NCDC) were used. The simulation results indicated that 43.7% of the spilled oil evaporated or dispersed in the first two days. With the model of OSCAR, 87.4% of the total spilled oil was evaporated or dispersed, while 10.8% was biodegraded. Only 1.6% of oil remained on the sea surface after six days, which agreed well with the historical data. The results from GNOME showed a more reasonable match with the observations from the RADARSAT-1 satellite images regarding the spill plume, shape and location as compared to those from OSCAR. But on the other hand, OSCAR showed better performance in simulating weathering process. To facilitate a better understanding of the oil fate and transport, and to improve simulation performance, a DOE aided method was developed for sensitivity analysis, parameter calibration and interaction analysis of key factors during spill simulation. The interactions between wind speed and direction, and the currents have been analyzed and the effects of their interactions have been studied. In this case study, the key factors "Windage" and "Wind speed scale" both had the negative effects on the modeling response, but their interaction showed positive effects. The "Along current uncertainty" and "Diffusion coefficient" caused the negative and positive effects, respectively, but leading to the positive effects by their interaction. The results indicated that when adjusting the primary factors in order to optimize the response, interactions between factors may lead an opposite way and missed the optimal solution. The validation through the case study showed consistency with high values of R2 (e.g., 0.93 and 0.95 for deviations of coverage and distance between the observed and simulated spills respectively). The results indicated that this DOE aided parameterization method could potentially be a useful tool for the evaluation of the contribution of multiple parameters and be applied as a new calibration method for other oil spill simulation models.

Download or read book Responding to Oil Spills in the U S Arctic Marine Environment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-08-01 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S. Arctic waters north of the Bering Strait and west of the Canadian border encompass a vast area that is usually ice covered for much of the year, but is increasingly experiencing longer periods and larger areas of open water due to climate change. Sparsely inhabited with a wide variety of ecosystems found nowhere else, this region is vulnerable to damage from human activities. As oil and gas, shipping, and tourism activities increase, the possibilities of an oil spill also increase. How can we best prepare to respond to such an event in this challenging environment? Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment reviews the current state of the science regarding oil spill response and environmental assessment in the Arctic region north of the Bering Strait, with emphasis on the potential impacts in U.S. waters. This report describes the unique ecosystems and environment of the Arctic and makes recommendations to provide an effective response effort in these challenging conditions. According to Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment, a full range of proven oil spill response technologies is needed in order to minimize the impacts on people and sensitive ecosystems. This report identifies key oil spill research priorities, critical data and monitoring needs, mitigation strategies, and important operational and logistical issues. The Arctic acts as an integrating, regulating, and mediating component of the physical, atmospheric and cryospheric systems that govern life on Earth. Not only does the Arctic serve as regulator of many of the Earth's large-scale systems and processes, but it is also an area where choices made have substantial impact on life and choices everywhere on planet Earth. This report's recommendations will assist environmentalists, industry, state and local policymakers, and anyone interested in the future of this special region to preserve and protect it from damaging oil spills.

Download or read book The Use of Dispersants in Marine Oil Spill Response written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-04-24 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether the result of an oil well blowout, vessel collision or grounding, leaking pipeline, or other incident at sea, each marine oil spill will present unique circumstances and challenges. The oil type and properties, location, time of year, duration of spill, water depth, environmental conditions, affected biomes, potential human community impact, and available resources may vary significantly. Also, each spill may be governed by policy guidelines, such as those set forth in the National Response Plan, Regional Response Plans, or Area Contingency Plans. To respond effectively to the specific conditions presented during an oil spill, spill responders have used a variety of response optionsâ€"including mechanical recovery of oil using skimmers and booms, in situ burning of oil, monitored natural attenuation of oil, and dispersion of oil by chemical dispersants. Because each response method has advantages and disadvantages, it is important to understand specific scenarios where a net benefit may be achieved by using a particular tool or combination of tools. This report builds on two previous National Research Council reports on dispersant use to provide a current understanding of the state of science and to inform future marine oil spill response operations. The response to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill included an unprecedented use of dispersants via both surface application and subsea injection. The magnitude of the spill stimulated interest and funding for research on oil spill response, and dispersant use in particular. This study assesses the effects and efficacy of dispersants as an oil spill response tool and evaluates trade-offs associated with dispersant use.

Download or read book Integrating Hydrodynamic and Oil Spill Trajectory Models for Nowcasts forecasts of Texas Bays written by Itay Rosenzweig and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new method for automatically integrating the results of hydrodynamic models of currents in Texas bays with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) in house oil spill trajectory model, the General NOAA Operational Modeling Environment (GNOME), is presented. Oil spill trajectories are predicted by inputting wind and water current forces on an initial spill in a dedicated spill trajectory model. These currents can be field measured, but in most real and meaningful cases, the current field is too spatially complex to measure with any accuracy. Instead, current fields are simulated by hydrodynamic models, whose results must then be coupled with a dedicated spill trajectory model. The newly developed automated approach based on Python scripting eliminates the present labor-intensive practice of manually coupling outputs and inputs of the separate models, which requires expert interpretation and modification of data formats and setup conditions for different models. The integrated system is demonstrated by coupling GNOME independently with TXBLEND -- a 2D depth-averaged model which is currently used by the Texas Water Development Board, and SELFE -- a newer 3D hydrodynamic model with turbulent wind mixing. A hypothetical spill in Galveston Bay is simulated under different conditions using both models, and a brief qualitative comparison of the results is used to raise questions that may be addressed in future work using the automated coupling system to determine the minimum modeling requirements for an advanced oil spill nowcast/forecast platform in Texas bays.

Download or read book Oil Spill Science and Technology written by Mervin Fingas and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2010-12-03 with total page 1189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Academy of Sciences estimate that 1.7 to 8.8 million tons of oil are released into world's water every year, of which more than 70% is directly related to human activities. The effects of these spills are all too apparent: dead wildlife, oil covered marshlands and contaminated water chief among them. This reference will provide scientists, engineers and practitioners with the latest methods use for identify and eliminating spills before they occur and develop the best available techniques, equipment and materials for dealing with oil spills in every environment. Topics covered include: spill dynamics and behaviour, spill treating agents, and cleanup techniques such as: in situ burning, mechanical containment or recovery, chemical and biological methods and physical methods are used to clean up shorelines. Also included are the fate and effects of oil spills and means to assess damage. - Covers spill dynamics and behaviour - Definitive guide to spill treating agents - Complete coverage of cleanup techniques - Includes fate and effects of oil spills and means to assess damage

Download or read book Oil and Hydrocarbon Spills Modelling Analysis and Control written by R. Garcia-Martinez and published by Computational Mechanics. This book was released on 1998 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the proceedings of Oil Spill 1998, and deals with advanced theoretical and practical aspects of oil spills in land and water environments.

Download or read book Scenarios and Responses to Future Deep Oil Spills written by Steven A. Murawski and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-04 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has often been said that generals prepare for the next war by re-fighting the last. The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill was unlike any previous – an underwater well blowout 1,500 meters deep. Much has been learned in the wake of DWH and these lessons should in turn be applied to both similar oil spill scenarios and those arising from “frontier” explorations by the marine oil industry. The next deep oil well blowout may be at 3,000 meters or even deeper. This volume summarizes regional (Gulf of Mexico) and global megatrends in marine oil exploration and production. Research in a number of key areas including the behavior of oil and gas under extreme pressure, impacts on biological resources of the deep sea, and the fate of oil and gas released in spills is synthesized. A number of deep oil spills are simulated with detailed computer models, and the likely effects of the spills and potential mitigation measures used to combat them are compared. Recommended changes in policies governing marine oil exploration and development are proposed, as well as additional research to close critical and emerging knowledge gaps. This volume synthesizes state-of-the-art research in deep oil spill behavior and response. It is thus relevant for government and industry oil spill responders, policy formulators and implementers, and academics and students desiring an in-depth and balanced overview of key issues and uncertainties surrounding the quest for deep oil and potential impacts on the environment.

Download or read book Oil Spill Model by Flow Estimation and Probability Wind Distribution written by Mohammad Ali Badri and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2011-03 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an introduction to the modeling of oil spill or water contaminants towards transport processes in the environment. It presents a new approach to illustrate how the geostrophic approximation can be systematically exploited to produce a deterministic dynamical framework adequate for the calculation of motions of large time and space scales. The dynamical field may be determined based on Kelvin propagation wave theory as a new hydrodynamic model and calibrated by measurements. Wind data may be determined by using Weibull probability distribution to apply for oil spill modeling. The suggested procedure is an attempt to find a simple way towards taking advantage of developments in environmental Modeling. As an example, it is verified and applied in the Persian Gulf to provide the capability of simulating oil spill accidents leading to oil spill hazard contour maps and find how to optimize the location of cleaning vessels by minimizing the oil spill damage.

Download or read book Oil and Hydrocarbon Spills Modelling Analysis and Control II written by G. R. Rodríguez and published by Computational Mechanics. This book was released on 2000 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transport and fate of hydrocarbons in the sea is governed by complex oceanographic and physico-chemical processes which make oil spill research one of the most difficult challenges in science. The risk of spills still continues to overwhelm prevention measures and to create potential danger in sensitive natural environments. Seeking to close the gap between theoretical developments and practical application, this work presents state-of-the-art techniques designed to model, prevent and control oil spills on land and in water. The papers featured come from the Second International Conference on this subject and include discussion of: spills in estuaries and delta areas; operational procedures for storage, handling and transportation of oil; biological impact of oil pollution; biological control methods; use of dispersants; oil spill treating agents; in-situ burning; experimental and laboratory analysis; sensitivity maps; rehabilitation of oil-damaged resources; and recovered oil management.

Download or read book Evaluation of New Weathering Algorithms for Oil Spill Modeling written by Shihan Li and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing production and transportation of oil has increased the risk of oil spills. The transport and fate of spilled oil are important factors to consider in oil spill response. However, challenges remain in the observation and analysis of these factors, especially during the short initial period that is critical for response. The challenges result from the complexity and uncertainty of oil properties and the environmental conditions, as well as their interactions. Oil spill models have become important tools in facilitating oil spill response. Over recent decades, more than 50 oil spill models have been developed, yet limitations still exist including: (1) natural dispersion algorithms are mainly based on empirical equations with insufficient theoretical support; and (2) oil biodegradation algorithms must represent the complexity of this process with limited knowledge and information. In order to help fill the existing gaps, this study develops (1) a dispersion model based on the modified Weber number scaling approach of Stiftelsen for industriell og teknisk forskning (SINTEF); and (2) a new biodegradation model based on the coupling of pseudo-component and exponential decay biodegradation algorithms. The newly developed models are incorporated into the Modelo Hidrodinâmico (MOHID) model. It is shown that the newly developed dispersion and biodegradation algorithms extend the capability of MOHID.

Download or read book Automatic Detection Algorithms of Oil Spill in Radar Images written by Maged Marghany and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-10-08 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthetic Aperture Radar Automatic Detection Algorithms (SARADA) for Oil Spills conveys the pivotal tool required to fully comprehend the advanced algorithms in radar monitoring and detection of oil spills, particularly quantum computing and algorithms as a keystone to comprehending theories and algorithms behind radar imaging and detection of marine pollution. Bridging the gap between modern quantum mechanics and computing detection algorithms of oil spills, this book contains precise theories and techniques for automatic identification of oil spills from SAR measurements. Based on modern quantum physics, the book also includes the novel theory on radar imaging mechanism of oil spills. With the use of precise quantum simulation of trajectory movements of oil spills using a sequence of radar images, this book demonstrates the use of SARADA for contamination by oil spills as a promising novel technique. Key Features: Introduces basic concepts of a radar remote sensing. Fills a gap in the knowledge base of quantum theory and microwave remote sensing. Discusses the important aspects of oil spill imaging in radar data in relation to the quantum theory. Provides recent developments and progresses of automatic detection algorithms of oil spill from radar data. Presents 2-D oil spill radar data in 4-D images.