Download or read book Hydrocarbon Emissions from Lean burn Natural Gas Engines written by A. Broe Bendtsen and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydrocarbon Emissions from Lean Burn Natural Gas Sl Engines written by Torben Kvist Jensen and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lean Combustion written by Derek Dunn-Rankin and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-07-28 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combustion under sufficiently fuel-lean conditions can have the desirable attributes of high efficiency and low emissions, this being particularly important in light of recent and rapid increases in the cost of fossil fuels and concerns over the links between combustion and global climate change. Lean Combustion is an eminently authoritative, reference work on the latest advances in lean combustion technology and systems. It will offer engineers working on combustion equipment and systems both the fundamentals and the latest developments in more efficient fuel usage and in much-sought-after reductions of undesirable emissions, while still achieving desired power output and performance. This volume brings together research and design of lean combustion systems across the technology spectrum in order to explore the state-of-the-art in lean combustion and its role in meeting current and future demands on combustion systems. Readers will learn about advances in the understanding of ultra lean fuel mixtures and how new types of burners and approaches to managing heat flow can reduce problems often found with lean combustion such as slow, difficult ignition and frequent flame extinction. The book will also offer abundant references and examples of recent real-world applications. - Covers all major recent developments in lean combustion science and technology, with new applications in both traditional combustion schemes as well as such novel uses as highly preheated and hydrogen-fueled systems - Offers techniques for overcoming difficult ignition problems and flame extinction with lean fuel mixtures - Covers new developments in lean combustion using high levels of pre-heat and heat re-circulating burners, as well as the active control of lean combustion instabilities
Download or read book Lean NOx Trap Catalysis for Lean Burn Natural Gas Engines written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the nation's demand for energy grows along with concern for the environment, there is a pressing need for cleaner, more efficient forms of energy. The internal combustion engine is well established as one of the most reliable forms of power production. They are commercially available in power ranges from 0.5 kW to 6.5 MW, which make them suitable for a wide range of distributed power applications from small scale residential to large scale industrial. In addition, alternative fuels with domestic abundance, such as natural gas, can play a key role in weaning our nations dependence on foreign oil. Lean burn natural gas engines can achieve high efficiencies and can be conveniently placed anywhere natural gas supplies are available. However, the aftertreatment of Nox emissions presents a challenge in lean exhaust conditions. Unlike carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, which can be catalytically reduced in lean exhaust, NOx emissions require a net reducing atmosphere for catalytic reduction. Unless this challenge of NOx reduction can be met, emissions regulations may restrict the implementation of highly efficient lean burn natural gas engines for stationary power applications. While the typical three-way catalyst is ineffective for NOx reduction under lean exhaust conditions, several emerging catalyst technologies have demonstrated potential. The three leading contenders for lean burn engine de-NOx are the Lean NOx Catalyst (LNC), Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) and the Lean Nox Trap (LNT). Similar to the principles of SCR, an LNT catalyst has the ability to store NOx under lean engine operation. Then, an intermittent rich condition is created causing the stored NOx to be released and subsequently reduced. However, unlike SCR, which uses urea injection to create the reducing atmosphere, the LNT can use the same fuel supplied to the engine as the reductant. LNT technology has demonstrated high reduction efficiencies in diesel applications where diesel fuel is the reducing agent. The premise of this research is to explore the application of Lean NOx Trap technology to a lean burn natural gas engine where natural gas is the reducing agent. Natural gas is primarily composed of methane, a highly stable hydrocarbon. The two primary challenges addressed by this research are the performance of the LNT in the temperature ranges experienced from lean natural gas combustion and the utilization of the highly stable methane as the reducing agent. The project used an 8.3 liter lean burn natural gas engine on a dynamometer to generate the lean exhaust conditions. The catalysts were packaged in a dual path aftertreatment system, and a set of valves were used to control the flow of exhaust to either leg during adsorption and regeneration.
Download or read book Hydrocarbon Reductions Through Precombustion Chamber Design in a Natural Gas Lean burn Engine written by Michael E. Crane and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of various precombustion chamber design, operating, and control parameters on the exhaust emissions of a natural gas research engine. Analysis of the results showed that engine-out total hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen can be reduced, relative to conventional methods, through precombustion chamber design. More specifically, a novel staged prechamber yielded significant reductions in NOx and total hydrocarbon emissions by promoting stable ignition while operating with a high percentage of theoretical excess air. Relatively light load and fuel lean operation with the Staged Prechamber simultaneously reduced baseline NOx and hydrocarbons by 47 percent and 14 percent, respectively. Emissions resuctions were realized at other loads and air/fuel ratios to lesser extents. The purpose of this report is to identify and explain positive and deleterious effects of natural gas prechamber design on exhaust emissions.
Download or read book Natural Gas Engines written by Kalyan Kumar Srinivasan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-03 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the various advanced reciprocating combustion engine technologies that utilize natural gas and alternative fuels for transportation and power generation applications. It is divided into three major sections consisting of both fundamental and applied technologies to identify (but not limited to) clean, high-efficiency opportunities with natural gas fueling that have been developed through experimental protocols, numerical and high-performance computational simulations, and zero-dimensional, multizone combustion simulations. Particular emphasis is placed on statutes to monitor fine particulate emissions from tailpipe of engines operating on natural gas and alternative fuels.
Download or read book Handbook of Combustion Emrw Update written by Maximilian Lackner and published by . This book was released on 2015-10-22 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fully revised and updated edition of "Handbook of Combustion" - the standard work on this topic - comes with 30% more content and an extended new editorial team with two more renowned experts. The new edition combines the strength of the previous one while increasing the scope by additional chapters on unconventional natural gas, boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE) and smog formation, and by expanding existing topics, e.g., biofuels and chemical looping combustion. The work is divided in five topics: 1) Fundamentals and Safety, 2) Combustion Diagnostics and Pollutants, 3) Gaseous and Liquid Fuels, 4) Solid Fuels, and 5) New Technologies. Cross-references in and between the topics guide the reader to the content of interest and provide access to additional subjects. This major reference summarizes all significant information on combustion such as the chemistry, physics, and modeling of combustion processes, spectroscopic methods, safety regulations, pollutants formation, fuel types and, not the least, environmental impacts. The Handbook of Combustion is a complete and impressive work written for academic as well as industrial researchers and developers. Reviewer quotes (amazon): "... the entire area of combustion, including gasification and new technologies, is described in a clear and comprehensive way." "... this is a unique handbook, which closes a big gap in the literature."
Download or read book Using Natural Gas in Engines written by PEP (Professional Engineering Publishers) and published by Wiley. This book was released on 1996 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These seminar proceedings describe the use of natural gas as a fuel for the production of mechanical/electrical energy using reciprocating and turbine engine technology. The power range of 1kw to 100mw is discussed.
Download or read book Combustion Theory written by Forman A. Williams and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-03-05 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combustion Theory delves deeper into the science of combustion than most other texts and gives insight into combustions from a molecular and a continuum point of view. The book presents derivations of the basic equations of combustion theory and contains appendices on the background of subjects of thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, fluid dynamics, and transport processes. Diffusion flames, reactions in flows with negligible transport and the theory of pre-mixed flames are treated, as are detonation phenomena, the combustion of solid propellents, and ignition, extinction, and flamibility pehnomena.
Download or read book Which Fuels for Low CO2 Engines written by Pierre Duret and published by Editions TECHNIP. This book was released on 2004 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the world, research and development in the field of vehicle transportation is increasingly focusing on engine and fuel combinations. The conventional and alternative fuels of the future are seen as fundamental to the development of a new generation of internal combustion engines that attain low well-to-wheel CO2 emissions along with near-zero pollutant emissions. These issues were debated during an international conference whose proceedings are presented in this book. This international conference attracted specialists in the field, including participants from universities, research centres and industry.Contents : Future of liquid fuels, Engine and fuel-related issues in HCCI & CAI combustion, Energy conversion in engines from natural gas, Use of hydrogen in IC engines, Which fuels for low CO2 engines?
Download or read book Combustion System Development for Low emission Natural Gas Engines written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume report details the results of a program designed to develop a combustion system for low-emission natural gas engines. In Volume I, after a review of the literature and current developments in natural gas engines, the results of testing several versions of the UBC squish-jet fast-burn combustion chamber are reported. Both experimental work using a Ricardo Hydra single-cylinder research engine, and numerical simulations were used to optimize the chamber design for reduced emissions and fuel consumption. In Volume II, the results of a study of the effect of charge motion within the cylinder are reported. The interaction of squish and swirl motions and their effects on performance and exhaust emissions were studied and reported in this volume. The faster burning rates in the combustion chambers studied resulted in a 5% reduction in brake specific fuel consumption compared to the slowest burning case. The specific emissions were generally lower for all of the fast-burn chambers, although in some cases the increased burning rate was accompanied by an increased in emission levels. A definite optimization of squish and swirl intensities was found under all engine operating conditions. Over the range of relative air-fuel ratio (RAFR) between 1.0 and 1.4, fuel economy improvements were found to vary from 1% -5%. The improvements in exhaust emissions were found to be somewhat less than this due to the increase in NOx as performance increased, and only a slight reduction in hydrocarbon emissions with increased charge motion was noted. Increased swirl intensity produced beneficial results, and at higher squish levels a lower swirl intensity was required to reach the optimum level of charge motion. A significant reduction in MBT spark-advance was found as the swirl number was increased at all operation conditions. The research results clearly showed the combustion chamber geometry is an important factor in burning lean mixtures in a natural gas engine in order to minimize exhaust emissions and fuel consumption. This project has also brought to light a number of unexpected aspects of squish and swirl interaction, and has confirmed trends which were expected from previous research.
Download or read book Effect of Fuel Composition on Regulated Emissions from a Lean burn Closed Loop Controlled Natural Gas Engine at High Altitude written by Michael S. Graboski and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this test program was to determine the effect of natural gas composition on regulated emissions and performance of a Cummins B5.9G engine. This engine is a lean-burn, closed loop control, spark ignited, dedicated natural gas engine. Testing was conducted at 5,280 ft above sea level. This engine was thought to represent the state-of-the-art in production lean-burn natural gas engine technology at the time the test program was initiated. Five different natural gas fuels were evaluated. Methane content ranged from 76.9 to 90.3% and inerts content from 3.6 to 17.3%. The engine was found to operate well on all gases and net BTU based fuel economy was not effected by gas composition. CO and PM emissions were unaffected by gas composition. NOX emissions were also unaffected. THC emissions trended downwards with increasing fuel heating value but no such trend was observed for NMHC. Emissions from this engine were below all current or proposed standards for heavy duty engines on all fuels tested.
Download or read book Natural Gas and Alternative Fuels for Engines written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Air Pollution from Internal Combustion Engines written by Eran Sher and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1998-03-20 with total page 689 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is an important and valuable source for engineers and researchers in the area of internal combustion engines pollution control. It provides an excellent updated review of available knowledge in this field and furnishes essential and useful information on air pollution constituents, mechanisms of formation, control technologies, effects of engine design, effects of operation conditions, and effects of fuel formulation and additives. The text is rich in explanatory diagrams, figures and tables, and includes a considerable number of references. - An important resource for engineers and researchers in the area of internal combustion engines and pollution control - Presents and excellent updated review of the available knowledge in this area - Written by 23 experts - Provides over 700 references and more than 500 explanatory diagrams, figures and tables
Download or read book Proceedings of the 18th Annual Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Natural gas engines combustion emissions and simulation cover title Natural gas engines combustion emission and simulation written by American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Internal Combustion Engine Division. Technical Conference and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydrocarbon Emissions from a HAJI Equipped Ultra Lean Burn Engine written by Jeremy Carl Lawrence and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Emissions from Combustion Engines and Their Control written by Donald J. Patterson and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 1972 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
