Download or read book Hybridization Between Yellow Starthistle Centaurea Solstitialis and Meadow Knapweed Centaurea X Moncktonii written by John Miskella and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Centaurea solstitialis L. (yellow starthistle) and C. x moncktonii Britt. (meadow knapweed) are members of the genus Centaurea in the Asteraceae family. Both species have become serious management concerns as invasive species in North America, often displacing native vegetation and costing land managers millions of dollars to eradicate. Seven plants were found in southwestern Oregon that appear to be hybrids between C. solstitialis and C. x moncktonii. These plants were identified as hybrids based on bract shape, flower color, and the presence of the putative parent species at the same sites. Hybridization between these two species may present potential management problems, such as the hybrids developing into a viable species or gene flow between the parent species. Meadow knapweed originated through hybridization and colonized a larger range than either of its parent species. If hybrids produce viable pollen or fertile seed, backcrossing with one of the parent species could transfer alleles from one parent species to the other. Hybrids have the potential to transgress parent species for some traits and show increased fitness relative to the parent species. The putative C. solstitialis x C. moncktonii hybrids were identified based primarily on intermediate morphological traits. To test the hypothesis that these species can produce hybrids, controlled crosses between yellow starthistle and meadow knapweed were attempted. These crosses produced thirty hybrids that fit the morphological description used by Roché and Susanna (2010) to identify plants as C. solstitialis x C. moncktonii hybrids. The hybrids generated from the controlled crosses germinated from seeds that came from yellow starthistle plants. Genome size, measured using flow cytometry, and four quantifiable morphological characters were measured on the putative hybrids, hybrids generated through controlled crossing, and the parent species. When the group means were compared, there was no significant difference between the putative hybrids and the hybrids generated through controlled crossing for any of the characters. Both putative and artificial hybrids were backcrossed with the parent species to determine the likelihood of backcrossing. Backcrossing did occur, with the hybrids serving as both maternal parent and pollen parent at very low rates (

Download or read book Yellow Starthistle Centaurea Solstitialis written by Rodney G. Lym and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Yellow Starthistle Centaurea Solstitialis written by John Theodore Rusmore and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Integrated Management of Yellow Starthistle Centaurea Solstitialis at Fort Hunter Liggett Monterey County California written by Jessica Renee Miller and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dynamics of Yellow Starthistle Centaurea Solstitialis Achenes Under Buried Stored and Natural Conditions in California written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Yellow Starthistle in Utah written by Julie Patrice Rieder and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sheep Grazing to Control Yellow Starthistle written by Pelayo Alvarez and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Predicting the Potential Distribution of Yellow Starthistle Centaurea Solstitialis L in Southern Humboldt and Trinity Counties California written by Thomas M. McAdam and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ecology and Management of Yellow Starthistle Centaurea Solstitialis L written by Jim Jacobs and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Yellow Starthistle written by Arizona. Department of Agriculture and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Yellow Starthistle Centaurea Solstitialis written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Morphological and Genetic Variation in Populations of Yellow Starthistle Centaurea Solstitialis a Thesis written by Renee L. Eriksen and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effects of Species Diversity and Soil Water Dynamics on the Invasion by Yellow Starthistle Centaurea Solstitialis Into Established California Central Valley Plant Communities written by Stephen Looysen Young and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Variation in Immune Response Among Native and Invading Genotypes of Yellow Starthistle Centaurea Solstitialis written by Angela M. Kaczowka and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Invasive plants may leave enemies behind when they colonize a new habitat, allowing selection to favor increased investment in growth and/or reproduction over defensive traits. Previous studies have identified reduced diversity of potential bacterial pathogens and evolutionary increases in growth and reproduction in invading populations of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis). This study leverages a recently developed high-throughput assay of immune function to test for evidence of a trade-off between increased growth and defense against bacterial pathogens in yellow starthistle's invasion of California (USA). Seven bacterial strains were cultured from infected leaf tissue in the native range. Healthy leaf tissue from five native European collections and six invading collections were exposed to these native bacterial strains. A standardized assay of peroxidase activity was used measure the oxidative burst immune response to pathogen recognition by the leaf. Immune responses were compared to plant growth within and between ranges to assess evidence for a trade-off. Plant genotypes from the native range demonstrated a higher immune response to bacterial strains than did invading genotypes, consistent with a trade-off with plant growth across regions. The same trade-off was also apparent across genotypes from the native range, but not across genotypes from the invaded range. Our results provide evidence that increased growth in a highly invasive plant species may come at a cost to immune function, consistent with the hypothesis that escape from enemies can provide opportunities for shifts in resource allocation that favor the proliferation of non-native species.

Download or read book The Allelopathic Potential of Yellow Starthistle Centaurea Solstitialis L written by David Lee Zamora and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Yellow Star Thistle written by Martin Joseph Zimmerman and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effects of Defoliation on Yellow Starthistle Centaurea Solstitialis L Reproductive Capacity written by Stacy Schumacher and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.) is an introduced Asteraceae that has become established on 10 million acres in the Pacific Northwest and California. This weed functions as an annual or short-lived perennial and depends on seeds for reproduction. Strategies of control that reduce plant fitness or lower seed production or viability may help limit the rate of spread of yellow starthistle. Previous work has shown that grazing and mowing can influence seed production. This study tested the hypothesis that proper timing and frequency of defoliation can reduce the number and viability of seeds produced. The study was conducted in Umatilla County, Oregon using a randomized block design with 4 replications of each of 4 defoliation treatments: (1) single defoliation at the bolting stage; (2) single defoliation at the bud stage; (3) two defoliations, once at the bolting stage and again at the bud stage; (4) non-defoliated control. Each of 4 blocks consisted of a 12 x 12 m area, with 16 plots measuring 3 x 3 m. Plants were defoliated at ground level using a gas-powered string-type mower. Response measurements were collected at the end of the growing season (September) following potential regrowth and included: (1) number of seedheads per plant; (2) number of seeds per seedhead; (3) number of seeds per plant; (4) number of seeds m−2, (5) seed viability (% germination rates). Supporting measurements included: seedhead diameter; plant height, number of branches per plant; pre-dawn xylem pressure; soil moisture; and documentation of 5 biological control insect species. A single defoliation at bolting resulted in fewer seeds per seedhead, and fewer seeds per plant than non-defoliated controls. A single defoliation at the floral bud stage or repeated defoliation (bolting and again at the bud stage) resulted in equally fewer seeds per plant and fewer seeds m−2 compared to non-defoliated controls. There was no statistical difference in percent germination of seeds among treatments. Defoliation had no effect on the infestation rates of seedheads by biological control insects. A second study examined nutrient content of yellow starthistle during 6 phenological stages from sites in Union, Baker and Umatilla Counties, Oregon during each of 2 years. Acid detergent fiber, lignin, cellulose and neutral detergent fiber contents increased through phenological development. Crude protein ranged from 16.7 to 5.0%. In Vitro dry matter digestibility ranged from 84.8% to 57.0%. Mineral nutrients P, K, CA, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Na were analyzed and determined to be adequate for maintenance needs of ewes.