Download or read book Hybrid Deposition of Thin Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of vapor deposition techniques enables synthesis of the basic components of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC); namely, the electrolyte layer, the two electrodes, and the electrolyte-electrode interfaces. Such vapor deposition techniques provide solutions to each of the three critical steps of material synthesis to produce a thin film solid oxide fuel cell (TFSOFC). The electrolyte is formed by reactive deposition of essentially any ion conducting oxide, such as defect free, yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) by planar magnetron sputtering. The electrodes are formed from ceramic powders sputter coated with an appropriate metal and sintered to a porous compact. The electrolyte-electrode interface is formed by chemical vapor deposition of zirconia compounds onto the porous electrodes to provide a dense, smooth surface on which to continue the growth of the defect-free electrolyte, whereby a single fuel cell or multiple cells may be fabricated.
Download or read book Chemical Solution Deposition of Functional Oxide Thin Films written by Theodor Schneller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-24 with total page 801 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first text to cover all aspects of solution processed functional oxide thin-films. Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD) comprises all solution based thin- film deposition techniques, which involve chemical reactions of precursors during the formation of the oxide films, i. e. sol-gel type routes, metallo-organic decomposition routes, hybrid routes, etc. While the development of sol-gel type processes for optical coatings on glass by silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide dates from the mid-20th century, the first CSD derived electronic oxide thin films, such as lead zirconate titanate, were prepared in the 1980’s. Since then CSD has emerged as a highly flexible and cost-effective technique for the fabrication of a very wide variety of functional oxide thin films. Application areas include, for example, integrated dielectric capacitors, ferroelectric random access memories, pyroelectric infrared detectors, piezoelectric micro-electromechanical systems, antireflective coatings, optical filters, conducting-, transparent conducting-, and superconducting layers, luminescent coatings, gas sensors, thin film solid-oxide fuel cells, and photoelectrocatalytic solar cells. In the appendix detailed “cooking recipes” for selected material systems are offered.
Download or read book Nanostructured Thin Films for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells written by Jongsik Yoon and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goals of this work were to synthesize high performance perovskite based thin film solid oxide fuel cell (TF-SOFC) cathodes by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), to study the structural, electrical and electrochemical properties of these cathodes and to establish structure-property relations for these cathodes in order to further improve their properties and design new structures. Nanostructured cathode thin films with vertically-aligned nanopores (VANP) were processed using PLD. These VANP structures enhance the oxygen-gas phase diffusivity, thus improve the overall TF-SOFC performance. La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 (LSCO) and La0.4Sr0.6Co0.8Fe0.2O3 (LSCFO) were deposited on various substrates (YSZ, Si and pressed Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (CGO) disks). Microstructures and properties of the nanostructured cathodes were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), high resolution TEM (HRTEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. A thin layer of vertically-aligned nanocomposite (VAN) structure was deposited in between the CGO electrolyte and the thin film LSCO cathode layer for TF-SOFCs. The VAN structure consists of the electrolyte and the cathode materials in the composition of (CGO) 0.5 (LSCO) 0.5. The self-assembled VAN nanostructures contain highly ordered alternating vertical columns formed through a one-step thin film deposition using a PLD technique. These VAN structures significantly increase the interface area between the electrolyte and the cathode as well as the area of active triple phase boundary (TPB), thus improving the overall TF-SOFC performance at low temperatures, as low as 400oC, demonstrated by EIS measurements. In addition, the binary VAN interlayer could act as the transition layer that improves the adhesion and relieves the thermal stress and lattice strain between the cathode and the electrolyte. The microstructural properties and growth mechanisms of CGO thin film prepared by PLD technique were investigated. Thin film CGO electrolytes with different grain sizes and crystal structures were prepared on single crystal YSZ substrates under different deposition conditions. The effect of the deposition conditions such as substrate temperature and laser ablation energy on the microstructural properties of these films are examined using XRD, TEM, SEM, and optical microscope. CGO thin film deposited above 500 o.C starts to show epitaxial growth on YSZ substrates. The present study suggests that substrate temperature significantly influences the microstructure of the films especially film grain size.
Download or read book Literaturverzeichnis zur Alkoholfrage written by and published by . This book was released on 1931 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Colloidal Spray Deposition Technique for the Processing of Thin Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solid Oxide Fuel Cells written by S. C. Singhal and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 1999 with total page 1226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solid Oxide Fuel Cells written by Bin Zhu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-02-12 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents innovative approaches towards affordable, highly efficient, and reliable sustainable energy systems Written by leading experts on the subject, this book provides not only a basic introduction and understanding of conventional fuel cell principle, but also an updated view of the most recent developments in this field. It focuses on the new energy conversion technologies based on both electrolyte and electrolyte-free fuel cells?from advanced novel ceria-based composite electrolyte low temperature solid oxide fuel cells to non-electrolyte fuel cells as advanced fuel-to-electricity conversion technology. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Electrolyte-Based to Electrolyte-Free Devices is divided into three parts. Part I covers the latest developments of anode, electrolyte, and cathode materials as well as the SOFC technologies. Part II discusses the non-electrolyte or semiconductor-based membrane fuel cells. Part III focuses on engineering efforts on materials, technology, devices and stack developments, and looks at various applications and new opportunities of SOFC using both the electrolyte and non-electrolyte principles, including integrated fuel cell systems with electrolysis, solar energy, and more. -Offers knowledge on how to realize highly efficient fuel cells with novel device structures -Shows the opportunity to transform the future fuel cell markets and the possibility to commercialize fuel cells in an extended range of applications -Presents a unique collection of contributions on the development of solid oxide fuel cells from electrolyte based to non-electrolyte-based technology -Provides a more comprehensive understanding of the advances in fuel cells and bridges the knowledge from traditional SOFC to the new concept -Allows readers to track the development from the conventional SOFC to the non-electrolyte or single-component fuel cell Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Electrolyte-Based to Electrolyte-Free Devices will serve as an important reference work to students, scientists, engineers, researchers, and technology developers in the fuel cell field.
Download or read book Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office written by United States. Patent and Trademark Office and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thin Film Deposition by Spray Pyrolysis and the Application in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells written by Dainius Perednis and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pulsed Laser Deposition of Functional Electroceramic Thin Films for Micro Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Applications written by Sebastian Heiroth and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solid Oxide Based Electrochemical Devices written by Massimiliano Lo Faro and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-03-26 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid Oxide-Based Electrochemical Devices: Advances, Smart Materials and Future Energy Applications provides a complete overview of the theoretical and applied aspects of energy-related solid oxide technologies. The book presents detailed thermodynamic and other basic requirements for fuel cells, electrolyzers, supercapacitors, batteries, sensors and air treatment devices. It delves into physical-chemical, electrochemical and mechanical properties of smart materials developed and offers insights into fundamental analysis and modeling. Detailed protocols for operation are suggested and discussed, including component development to optimize functionality, cost and upscaling. Practitioners in the fuel cell or power to gas industries, engineering researchers developing new technologies in those areas, and device and system designers can use the in-depth, structured information about the relationship between technologies and materials offered to make better-informed decisions during the planning and implementation of those technologies. - Covers the theoretical concepts, components, advances and applications of solid oxide fuel cell, electrolyzer, battery, sensor and pollution abatement technologies - Explores applications of new smart and metamaterials in the construction of energy-related solid oxide devices - Presents examples of prototypes, including their cost estimate and requirements for large-scale production, integration and operation
Download or read book Ceramic Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ionic Conducting Oxide Thin Films written by Enrico Traversa and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 2015 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atomic Layer Deposition for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells written by Cheng-Chieh Chao and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are attractive because of their high energy conversion efficiency in the usage of fuels ranging from hydrogen to hydrocarbons. Nevertheless, they have limited applications because this high efficiency requires high operating temperatures, which pose significant engineering challenges, diminishing the SOFCs practicality for applications such as portable power sources. Lowering the operating temperatures of SOFCs would improve thermal stability and offer shorter start-up times, which in turn would broaden their use as auxiliary power units for automobiles. Although many studies have aimed at lowering SOFC operating temperatures, the resulting temperature reduction has been inevitably accompanied by a decrease in fuel cell performance. A critical bottleneck in reducing the operating temperature is the sluggish oxygen incorporation kinetics at the cathode/electrolyte interface at low temperatures. To improve the oxygen incorporation kinetics at the cathode/electrolyte interface, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte membranes were surface modified by adding a one-nanometer thin, high-yttria concentration YSZ film with the help of atomic layer deposition (ALD). The addition of the one-nanometer film led to an increase of the maximum power density of a SOFC by a factor of 1.50. The enhanced performance can be attributed to an increased oxygen incorporation rate on the surface of the modified electrolyte. To further examine the effect of surface modification with ALD YSZ, isotope exchange/depth profiling (IEDP) was used for collecting the spectrometric evidences of enhanced oxygen isotope exchange kinetics. From the IEDP result, we found that the surface modified YSZ electrolyte demonstrated superior exchange kinetics, which verified our previous observation in the electrolyte's improved electrochemical performance. Through custom tailoring the surface with ALD, we were able to enhance the oxygen incorporation kinetics of our electrolyte. In the next experiment, we deposited nanostructured platinum catalysts with high triple phase boundary (TPB) densities, which increased the oxygen incorporation rate at low temperatures. To fabricate such catalyst, we studied the nucleation behavior of ALD platinum with plan-view TEM, and identified the deposition condition which produced the nanostructure with a high TPB density. We then introduced the nanostructured platinum catalyst in fabricating the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), and characterized the electrochemical performance of the MEA. As a result, a 90% performance enhancement was observed in the MEA with the addition of the nanostructured catalyst. Finally, we fabricated a high perforamce thin-film micro-SOFC, which allowed us to reduce the SOFC operating temperature. This micro-SOFC was composed of a corrugated thin-film electrolyte membrane fabricated by nanosphere lithography (NSL) and ALD, which showed a hexagonal-pyramid array nanostructure. The resulting micro-SOFC demonstrated a reduction in polarization and ohmic losses, and achieved a power density of 1.34 W/cm2 at 500 °C. In the future, arrays of micro-SOFCs with high power density may enable a range of mobile and portable power applications.
Download or read book Engineered Interfaces and Nano scale Thin Films for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrolytes written by Manjula I. Nandasiri and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid state electrolytes with high oxygen ionic conductivity at low temperatures are required to develop cost effective and efficient solid oxide fuel cells. This study investigates the influence of engineered interfaces on the oxygen ionic conductivity of nanoscale multilayer thin film electrolytes. The epitaxial Sm2O3 doped CeO2 (SDC) and Sc2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (ScSZ) are selected as the alternative layers for the proposed multilayer thin film electrolyte based on the optimum structural, chemical, and electrical properties reported in the previous studies. The epitaxial SDC(111)/ScSZ(111) multilayer thin films are grown on high purity Al2O3(0001) substrates by oxygen plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Prior to the deposition of multilayers, the growth parameters are optimized for epitaxial CeO2, ZrO2, SDC, and ScSZ thin films. The epitaxial orientation and surface morphology of CeO2 thin films shows dependency on the growth rate. Epitaxial CeO2(111) is obtained at relatively high growth rates at a substrate temperature of 650°C and an oxygen partial pressure of 2 × 10-5 Torr. The same growth parameters are used for the deposition of ZrO2 thin films. ZrO2 exhibits both monoclinic and cubic phases, which is stabilized in the cubic structure by doping with Sc2O3. The Sm and Sc evaporation rates are varied during the growth to obtain thin films of 15 mol % SmO1.5 doped CeO2 and 20 mol % ScO1.5 stabilized ZrO2, respectively. The SDC/ScSZ multilayer thin films are grown using the same growth parameters by varying the number of layers. The SDC/ScSZ multilayer thin films show significant enhancement in the oxygen ionic conductivity in comparison to single layer SDC and ScSZ thin films. The increase in the oxygen ionic conductivity with the increase in number of layers can be attributed to lattice mismatch induced ionic conductivity along the interfaces. The 8-layer film exhibits the maximum oxygen ionic conductivity with one order of magnitude enhancement in the temperature range of 500-800°C compared to single layer thin films.
Download or read book High Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells for the 21st Century written by Kevin Kendall and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-11-21 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Second Edition, explores the growing interest in fuel cells as a sustainable source of energy. The text brings the topic of green energy front and center, illustrating the need for new books that provide comprehensive and practical information on specific types of fuel cells and their applications. This landmark volume on solid oxide fuel cells contains contributions from experts of international repute, and provides a single source of the latest knowledge on this topic. - A single source for all the latest information on solid oxide fuel cells and their applications - Illustrates the need for new, more comprehensive books and study on the topic - Explores the growing interest in fuel cells as viable, sustainable sources of energy
Download or read book Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells written by Gurbinder Kaur and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Electrolytes, Electrodes and Interconnects introduces the fundamental principles of intermediate solid oxide fuel cells technology. It provides the reader with a broad understanding and practical knowledge of the electrodes, pyrochlore/perovskite/oxide electrolytes and interconnects which form the backbone of the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) unit. Opening with an introduction to the thermodynamics, physiochemical and electrochemical behavior of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC), the book also discusses specific materials, including low temperature brownmillerites and aurivillius electrolytes, as well as pyrochlore interconnects. This book analyzes the basic concepts, providing cutting-edge information for both researchers and students. It is a complete reference for Intermediate Solid Oxide Fuel Cells technology that will be a vital resource for those working in materials science, fuel cells and solid state chemistry. - Provides a single source of information on glass, electrolytes, interconnects, vanadates, pyrochlores and perovskite SOFC - Includes illustrations that provide a clear visual explanation of concepts being discussed - Progresses from a discussion of basic concepts that will enable readers to easily comprehend the subject matter
