Download or read book The Potential of Hurricane Modification for Causing a Systematic Predictable Change in a Hurricane Track as a Result of the Rossby Acceleration written by Robert W. Jones and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Statistical Technique for Evaluating Hurricane Modification Experiments written by Richard W. Knight and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book History of American Weather and Climate Modification written by Progressive Management and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ten unique government reports document the history of attempted weather and climate modification efforts, including Defense Department projections of future programs and a detailed history of Project Stormfury and related hurricane modification trials. Contents: A Recommended National Program In Weather Modification * Weather as a Force Multiplier: Owning the Weather in 2025 * Weather Modification Research and Development Policy Authorization Act of 2005 * Weather and Climate Modification: Report of the Special Commission on Weather Modification * Federal Weather Modification Efforts Need Congressional Attention * An Introduction to Weather Modification * Need for a National Weather Modification Research Program * Hurricane Modification * Project Stormfury * Hurricane Modification and Control Report (April 1971).Can human intervention diminish the force of a hurricane? From the mid-1960s through the early 1980s NOAA actively pursued Project STORMFURY, a program of experimental hurricane modification. The general strategy was to reduce the intensity of the storm by cloud seeding. The seeding, it was argued, would stimulate the formation of a new eyewall that would surround the existing eyewall. The new eyewall would contract, strangling the old eyewall and reducing the intensity of the hurricane. However, research carried out at AOML showed clearly that these "concentric eyewalls" happened often in unmodified hurricanes, thus casting doubt on the seemingly positive results of seeding in earlier experimentation. Hurricane Luis provides an example of this behavior. Moreover, observations showed that hurricanes contain little of the supercooled water necessary for cloud seeding to work.The American Meteorological Society policy statement on planned and inadvertent weather modification, dated October 2, 1998, indicates, "There is no sound physical hypothesis for the modification of hurricanes, tornadoes, or damaging winds in general, and no related scientific experimentation has been conducted in the past 20 years." In the absence of a sound hypothesis, no Federal agencies are presently doing, or planning, research on hurricane modification.Some techniques besides seeding clouds that have been considered over the years include: cooling the ocean with cryogenic material or icebergs, retardation of surface evaporation with monomolecular films, changing the radiational balance in the hurricane environment by absorption of sunlight with carbon black, blowing the hurricane apart with hydrogen bombs, injecting air into the center with a huge maneuverable tube to raise the central pressure, and blowing the storm away from land with windmills. As carefully reasoned as some of these suggestions are, they all fall short of the mark because they fail to appreciate the size and power of tropical cyclones. For example, when hurricane Andrew struck South Florida in 1992, the eye and eyewall devastated a swath 20 miles wide. The heat energy released around the eye was 5,000 times the combined heat and electrical power generation of the Turkey Point nuclear power plant over which the eye passed. Better building codes, wiser land use, and more accurate forecasts seem prosaic compared with environmental mega engineering but they are a great deal cheaper and have overwhelmingly favorable cost-benefit ratios.
Download or read book History of American Weather and Climate Modification written by National Weather Service and published by . This book was released on 2017-05-07 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ten unique government reports document the history of attempted weather and climate modification efforts, including Defense Department projections of future programs and a detailed history of Project Stormfury and related hurricane modification trials. Contents: A Recommended National Program In Weather Modification * Weather as a Force Multiplier: Owning the Weather in 2025 * Weather Modification Research and Development Policy Authorization Act of 2005 * Weather and Climate Modification: Report of the Special Commission on Weather Modification * Federal Weather Modification Efforts Need Congressional Attention * An Introduction to Weather Modification * Need for a National Weather Modification Research Program * Hurricane Modification * Project Stormfury * Hurricane Modification and Control Report (April 1971). Can human intervention diminish the force of a hurricane? From the mid-1960s through the early 1980s NOAA actively pursued Project STORMFURY, a program of experimental hurricane modification. The general strategy was to reduce the intensity of the storm by cloud seeding. The seeding, it was argued, would stimulate the formation of a new eyewall that would surround the existing eyewall. The new eyewall would contract, strangling the old eyewall and reducing the intensity of the hurricane. However, research carried out at AOML showed clearly that these "concentric eyewalls" happened often in unmodified hurricanes, thus casting doubt on the seemingly positive results of seeding in earlier experimentation. Hurricane Luis provides an example of this behavior. Moreover, observations showed that hurricanes contain little of the supercooled water necessary for cloud seeding to work. The American Meteorological Society policy statement on planned and inadvertent weather modification, dated October 2, 1998, indicates, "There is no sound physical hypothesis for the modification of hurricanes, tornadoes, or damaging winds in general, and no related scientific experimentation has been conducted in the past 20 years." In the absence of a sound hypothesis, no Federal agencies are presently doing, or planning, research on hurricane modification. Some techniques besides seeding clouds that have been considered over the years include: cooling the ocean with cryogenic material or icebergs, retardation of surface evaporation with monomolecular films, changing the radiational balance in the hurricane environment by absorption of sunlight with carbon black, blowing the hurricane apart with hydrogen bombs, injecting air into the center with a huge maneuverable tube to raise the central pressure, and blowing the storm away from land with windmills. As carefully reasoned as some of these suggestions are, they all fall short of the mark because they fail to appreciate the size and power of tropical cyclones. For example, when hurricane Andrew struck South Florida in 1992, the eye and eyewall devastated a swath 20 miles wide. The heat energy released around the eye was 5,000 times the combined heat and electrical power generation of the Turkey Point nuclear power plant over which the eye passed. Better building codes, wiser land use, and more accurate forecasts seem prosaic compared with environmental mega engineering but they are a great deal cheaper and have overwhelmingly favorable cost-benefit ratios.
Download or read book Project STORMFURY Atlantic Weather Modification written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Feasibility of Beneficial Hurricane Modification by Carbon Dust Seeding written by William M. Gray and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Statistical Technique for Evaluating Hurricane Modification Experiments written by Richard W. Knight and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tropical Cyclone Modification written by Robert C. Sheets and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Project Stormfury modification theory, its physical basis, and the experiment design are described, and the possible effects of such experiments on tropical cyclone motion, rainfall, wind fields, and storm surge are examined. Studies of natural storm variability, exploratory experiments, sensitivity tests, numerical simulations, and theoretical calculations indicate that experiments conducted according to the Stormfury hypothesis could result in reductions of 10% to 15% in the maximum windspeed and associated damage reductions of 20% to 60%, with no apparent significant and/or detectable effect on storm motion or net rainfall accumulated areawide or at specific locations for a moving storm.
Download or read book International Legal Implications of Project Stormfury Americas And the Law of the Sea and Weather Modification written by Ray Jay Davis and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hurricane Modification Progress and Prospects 1964 written by R. H. Simpson and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Preliminary View of Storm Surges Before and After Storm Modifications written by C. P. Jelesnianski and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Project Cyclops written by Pierre Saint-Amand and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cloud seeding as been tried for some years, but with negligible results. In 1961, NOTS scientists and engin operation on Hurric ne sther in September 1961. The operation w s carried out in cooperation with Weather Bureau from the U.S. Naval S tion, Roosevelt Roads, Puerto Rico. The first day's operation produc d a dramatic and radical change in the thermodynamics of the hurricane for a space of about one ers developed a new method of generating silver iodide nuclei and a new means of dissemination. The new device, Cyclops, was used for the first time in a seeding operation on Hurric ne sther in September 1961. The operation w s carried out in cooperation with Weather Bureau from the U.S. Naval S tion, Roosevelt Roads, Puerto Rico. The first day's operation produc d a dramatic and radical change in the thermodynamics of the hurricane for a space of about one and a half hours. Had more Cyclops units been available to conti ue e t ack, far more conclusive results might have been achieved. (Author).
Download or read book HURRICANE MODIFICATION RESEARCH PROJECT STORMFURY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Impact Statement EIS for the Hurricane Amelioration Research Project written by SRI International and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hurricane Modification by Cloud Seeding written by Mariano A. Estoque and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Some Aspects of Hurricane Modification written by Robert H. Simpson and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hurricanes and Climate Change written by James B. Elsner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-01-23 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies suggest that tropical cyclones are more powerful than in the past with the most dramatic increase in the North Atlantic. The increase is correlated with an increase in ocean temperature. A debate concerns the nature of these increases with some scientists attributing them to a natural climate fluctuation and others suggesting climate change related to anthropogenic increases in forcing from greenhouse gases. A Summit on Hurricanes and Climate Change was held during the spring of 2007 on the island of Crete that brought together leading academics and researchers on both sides of the scientific debate to discuss new research and express opinions about what will happen in the future with regard to hurricane activity. This proceedings volume highlights the state-of-the-science research into various aspects of the hurricane-climate connection. It is likely that the science presented here will lead to new research that will help answer crucial questions about our sustainable future.
