Download or read book Hunters of the Mid Holocene Forest written by James C. Chatters and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This manuscript is based on excavations of three prehistoric sites located in western Washington, near the town of Granite Falls, and classified as The Old Cordilleran Culture/Tradition or OCT. This cultural designation was initially based on archaeological observations by B. Robert Butler in 1961. The three archaeological sites were designated as part of the Olcott Complex, a lithic industry and the name given to OCT material in western Washington. Little work has subsequently been completed that adds to the overall view Butler proposed and there is a lack of documented regional variation. This is partially due to poor preservation of cultural and organic materials and bioturbation of soils. This cultural tradition is thought to have originally been part of a later migration of people during the early Holocene from what is now Siberia. The date range of site occupation is between 7690 and 9630 cal BP"--

Download or read book Hunters of the Mid Holocene Forest written by James C. Chatters and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This manuscript is based on excavations of three prehistoric sites located in western Washington, near the town of Granite Falls, and classified as The Old Cordilleran Culture/Tradition or OCT. This cultural designation was initially based on archaeological observations by B. Robert Butler in 1961. The three archaeological sites were designated as part of the Olcott Complex, a lithic industry and the name given to OCT material in western Washington. Little work has subsequently been completed that adds to the overall view Butler proposed and there is a lack of documented regional variation. This is partially due to poor preservation of cultural and organic materials and bioturbation of soils. This cultural tradition is thought to have originally been part of a later migration of people during the early Holocene from what is now Siberia. The date range of site occupation is between 7690 and 9630 cal BP"--

Download or read book Holocene Hunter Gatherers of the Lower Ohio River Valley written by Richard Jefferies and published by University of Alabama Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Holocene Hunter-Gatherers of the Lower Ohio River Valley addresses the approximately 7,000 years of the prehistory of eastern North America, termed the Archaic Period by archaeologists.

Download or read book Sex and Death on the Western Emigrant Trail written by Donald K. Grayson and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How biology influenced the survival of emigrants facing cold and starvation on the western trail

Download or read book Archaeology of the Mid Holocene Southeast written by Kenneth E. Sassaman and published by . This book was released on 1996-10-01 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume summarizes our archeological knowledge of natives who inhabited the American Southeast from 8,000 to 3,000 years ago and examines evidence of many of the native cultural expressions observed by early European explorers, including long-distance exchange, plant domestication, mound building, social ranking, and warfare. (Archaeology/Anthropology)

Download or read book Archaic Societies written by Thomas E. Emerson and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2012-02-01 with total page 895 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essential overview of American Indian societies during the Archaic period across central North America.

Download or read book The Djief Hunters 26 000 Years of Rainforest Exploitation on the Bird s Head of Papua Indonesia written by Juliette M. Pasveer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-07-01 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two prehistoric cave sites on the Bird's Head of western New Guinea provide a detailed narrative of 26,000 years of human occupation of this area. During Late Pleistocene times, lower temperatures allowed a suite of montane animal species to descend onto the lowland Ayamaru Plateau. When the montane fauna receded during the subsequent climatic amelioration, people switched their hunting focus to a forest wallaby, known locally as Djief. Detailed analysis of this species' remains, including the reconstruction of their age profile, provides insights into why prolonged hunting of this species did not lead to its extinction. The wallaby population evidently thrived at its demographic maximum throughout the early and mid-Holocene, suggesting that human population densities, and therefore hunting pressure, were low until c. 5000 BP. This volume of Modern Quaternary Research in Southeast Asia offers a unique perspective on sustainable hunting in prehistory and provides intriguing insights into hunter-gatherer subsistence, tool manufacturing and use, the changing intensity of occupation of the sites, and environmental exploitation from Late Pleistocene times onwards in a lowland tropical region. It forms an important contribution to the current debate on the possibilities of human occupation of tropical rainforest before the advent of agriculture.

Download or read book Archaic Hunters and Gatherers in the American Midwest written by James L Phillips and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-09-16 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reports on a series of multidisciplinary projects involving the Archaic period of the American Midwest. A period of innovation and technical achievement, the articles focus on changes in environmental, social, and economic factors operating in this period, and the adaptation of the hunter gatherer peoples living at this time.

Download or read book A Fateful Day in 1698 written by Deni J. Seymour and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1698, the Apache and their allies attacked a sleeping Sobaipuri-O'odham village on the San Pedro River at the northern edge of New Spain, now in southern Arizona. This book, about one of the most important Southwestern battles of the era in this region, reads like a mystery. At the same time, it addresses in a scholarly fashion the methodological question of how we can confidently infer anything reliable about the past. Translations of original Spanish accounts by Father Kino and others convey important details about the battle, while the archaeological record and ethnographic and oral traditions provide important correctives to the historic account. A new battlefield signature of native American conflict is identified, and the fiery context of the battle provides unprecedented information about what the Sobaipuri grew and hunted in this out-of-the-way location, including the earliest known wheat. That this tumultuous time was a period of flux is reflected in the defensive, communal, and ceremonial architecture of the O'odham, which accommodated Spanish tastes and techniques. Practices specific to the O'odham as they relate to the day's events and to village life illuminate heretofore unexplained aspects of the battle. The book also records a visit by descendant O'odham, reinforcing the importance of identifying the historically documented location. A Fateful Day in 1698 will be of significant interest to archaeologists and historians.

Download or read book From Foraging to Farming in the Andes written by Tom D. Dillehay and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-02-14 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Archeologists have always considered the beginnings of Andean civilization from c.13,000 to 6,000 years ago to be important in terms of the appearance of domesticated plants and animals, social differentiation, and a sedentary lifestyle, but there is more to this period than just these developments. During this period, the spread of crop production and other technologies, kinship-based labor projects, mound-building, and population aggregation formed ever-changing conditions across the Andes. From Foraging to Farming in the Andes proposes a new and more complex model for understanding the transition from hunting and gathering to cultivation. It argues that such developments evolved regionally, were fluid and uneven, and were subject to reversal. This book develops these arguments from a large body of archaeological evidence, collected over 30 years in two valleys in northern Peru, and then places the valleys in the context of recent scholarship studying similar developments around the world.

Download or read book Hunters in Transition written by Marek Zvelebil and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1986-11-13 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hunters in Transition analyses the emergence of post-glacial hunter-gatherer communities and the development of farming.

Download or read book Feeding Cahokia written by Gayle J. Fritz and published by University Alabama Press. This book was released on 2019-01-15 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the 2020 Society for Economic Botany's Mary W. Klinger Book Award An authoritative and thoroughly accessible overview of farming and food practices at Cahokia Agriculture is rightly emphasized as the center of the economy in most studies of Cahokian society, but the focus is often predominantly on corn. This farming economy is typically framed in terms of ruling elites living in mound centers who demanded tribute and a mass surplus to be hoarded or distributed as they saw fit. Farmers are cast as commoners who grew enough surplus corn to provide for the elites. Feeding Cahokia: Early Agriculture in the North American Heartland presents evidence to demonstrate that the emphasis on corn has created a distorted picture of Cahokia’s agricultural practices. Farming at Cahokia was biologically diverse and, as such, less prone to risk than was maize-dominated agriculture. Gayle J. Fritz shows that the division between the so-called elites and commoners simplifies and misrepresents the statuses of farmers—a workforce consisting of adult women and their daughters who belonged to kin groups crosscutting all levels of the Cahokian social order. Many farmers had considerable influence and decision-making authority, and they were valued for their economic contributions, their skills, and their expertise in all matters relating to soils and crops. Fritz examines the possible roles played by farmers in the processes of producing and preparing food and in maintaining cosmological balance. This highly accessible narrative by an internationally known paleoethnobotanist highlights the biologically diverse agricultural system by focusing on plants, such as erect knotweed, chenopod, and maygrass, which were domesticated in the midcontinent and grown by generations of farmers before Cahokia Mounds grew to be the largest Native American population center north of Mexico. Fritz also looks at traditional farming systems to apply strategies that would be helpful to modern agriculture, including reviving wild and weedy descendants of these lost crops for redomestication. With a wealth of detail on specific sites, traditional foods, artifacts such as famous figurines, and color photos of significant plants, Feeding Cahokia will satisfy both scholars and interested readers.

Download or read book Second Growth written by Robin L. Chazdon and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2014-05-23 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For decades, conservation and research initiatives in tropical forests have focused almost exclusively on old-growth forests because scientists believed that these “pristine” ecosystems housed superior levels of biodiversity. With Second Growth, Robin L. Chazdon reveals those assumptions to be largely false, bringing to the fore the previously overlooked counterpart to old-growth forest: second growth. Even as human activities result in extensive fragmentation and deforestation, tropical forests demonstrate a great capacity for natural and human-aided regeneration. Although these damaged landscapes can take centuries to regain the characteristics of old growth, Chazdon shows here that regenerating—or second-growth—forests are vital, dynamic reservoirs of biodiversity and environmental services. What is more, they always have been. With chapters on the roles these forests play in carbon and nutrient cycling, sustaining biodiversity, providing timber and non-timber products, and integrated agriculture, Second Growth not only offers a thorough and wide-ranging overview of successional and restoration pathways, but also underscores the need to conserve, and further study, regenerating tropical forests in an attempt to inspire a new age of local and global stewardship.

Download or read book Forest Reference Conditions for Ecosystem Management in the Sacramento Mountains New Mexico written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present the history of land use and historic vegetation conditions on the Sacramento Ranger District of the Lincoln National Forest within the framework of an ecosystem needs assessment. We reconstruct forest vegetation conditions and ecosystem processes for the period immediately before Anglo-American settlement using General Land Office survey records, historic studies and accounts, and reconstructive studies such as dendrochronological histories of fire and insect outbreak and studies of old growth. Intensive grazing, clearcut logging, fire suppression, and agriculture in riparian areas have radically altered forest structure and processes since the 1880s, when intensive settlement began in the Sacramento Mountains. Present forests are younger and more dense than historic ones, and in areas that were previously dominated by ponderosa pine, dominance has shifted to Douglas-fir and white fir in the absence of frequent surface fire. Landscapes are more homogeneous and contiguous than historic ones, facilitating large-scale, intense disturbances such as insect outbreaks and crown fires.

Download or read book The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Hunters and Gatherers written by Richard B. Lee and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-12-16 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hunting and gathering is humanity's first and most successful adaptation. Until 12,000 years ago, all humanity lived this way. Surprisingly, in an increasingly urbanized and technological world dozens of hunting and gathering societies have persisted and thrive worldwide, resilient in the face of change, their ancient ways now combined with the trappings of modernity. The Encyclopedia is divided into three parts. The first contains case studies, by leading experts, of over fifty hunting and gathering peoples, in seven major world regions. There is a general introduction and an archaeological overview for each region. Part II contains thematic essays on prehistory, social life, gender, music and art, health, religion, and indigenous knowledge. The final part surveys the complex histories of hunter-gatherers' encounters with colonialism and the state, and their ongoing struggles for dignity and human rights as part of the worldwide movement of indigenous peoples.

Download or read book Time and Complexity in Historical Ecology written by William Balée and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2006-06-22 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of studies by anthropologists, botanists, ecologists, and biologists is an important contribution to the emerging field of historical ecology. The book combines cutting-edge research with new perspectives to emphasize the close relationship between humans and their natural environment. Contributors examine how alterations in the natural world mirror human cultures, societies, and languages. Treating the landscape like a text, these researchers decipher patterns and meaning in the Ecuadorian Andes, Amazonia, the desert coast of Peru, and other regions in the neotropics. They show how local peoples have changed the landscape over time to fit their needs by managing and modifying species diversity, enhancing landscape heterogeneity, and controlling ecological disturbance. In turn, the environment itself becomes a form of architecture rich with historical and archaeological significance. Time and Complexity in Historical Ecology explores thousands of years of ecological history while also addressing important contemporary issues, such as biodiversity and genetic variation and change. Engagingly written and expertly researched, this book introduces and exemplifies a unique method for better understanding the link between humans and the biosphere.

Download or read book Continent of Hunter Gatherers written by Harry Lourandos and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997-02-28 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book challenges traditional perceptions of Australian Aboriginal prehistory: that the environment is the major determinant of hunter-gatherers; that Aborigines were egalitarian and culturally homogeneous and therefore experienced few economic and demographic changes. Harry Lourandos argues that the social and economic processes of hunter-gatherers were complex and that the prehistoric period was dynamic and revolutionary. Lourandos presents prehistoric data, reviews archaeological and ethnohistorical evidence, and analyses environmental, demographic and socially-oriented perspectives - drawing from them an original hypothesis. He addresses initial colonisation, the role of Tasmanian Aborigines, the role of fire, faunal extinctions, the intensification debate, horticultural origins, plant exploitation, and the significance of Australian prehistory in the study of other prehistoric hunter-gatherer societies.