Download or read book Humanized Mice written by Tatsuji Nomura and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-11 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The term humanized mouse in this text refers to a mouse in which human tissues and cells have been transplanted and show the same biological function as they do in the human body. That is, the physiological properties and functions of tra- planted human tissues and cells can be analyzed in the mouse instead of using a living human body. It should therefore be possible to study the pathophysiology and treatment of human diseases in mice with good reproducibility. Thus, the hum- ized mouse can be used as a potent tool in both basic and clinical research in the future. The development of appropriate immunodeficient mice has been indispensable in the creation of the humanized mouse, which has been achieved through many years of efforts by several laboratories. The first stage on the road to the humanized mouse was the report on nude mice by Isaacson and Cattanach in 1962. Thereafter, nude mice were studied in detail by Falanagan and, in 1968, Pantelouris found that these mice have no thymus gland, which suggested that the mice lack transplan- tion immunity against xenografts such as human hematopoietic stem cells. At the Nude Mouse Workshops (organized by Regard, Povlsen, Nomura and colleagues) that were held nine times between 1972 and 1997, the possibility of creating a humanized mouse using nude mice was extensively examined. The results, however, showed that certain human cancers can be engrafted in nude mice, but unfortunately engraftment of normal human tissue was almost impossible.
Download or read book Development of Humanized Mouse Models for Infectious Diseases and Cancer written by Moriya Tsuji and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-02-19 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Innovative Medicine written by Kazuwa Nakao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-13 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to innovative medicine, comprising the proceedings of the Uehara Memorial Foundation Symposium 2014. It remains extremely rare for the findings of basic research to be developed into clinical applications, and it takes a long time for the process to be achieved. The task of advancing the development of basic research into clinical reality lies with translational science, yet the field seems to struggle to find a way to move forward. To create innovative medical technology, many steps need to be taken: development and analysis of optimal animal models of human diseases, elucidation of genomic and epidemiological data, and establishment of “proof of concept”. There is also considerable demand for progress in drug research, new surgical procedures, and new clinical devices and equipment. While the original research target may be rare diseases, it is also important to apply those findings more broadly to common diseases. The book covers a wide range of topics and is organized into three complementary parts. The first part is basic research for innovative medicine, the second is translational research for innovative medicine, and the third is new technology for innovative medicine. This book helps to understand innovative medicine and to make progress in its realization.
Download or read book Humanized Mouse Models to Study Immune Responses to Human Infectious Organisms written by Qingfeng Chen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-03-28 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Humanized Mice for HIV Research written by Larisa Y. Poluektova and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-02-18 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last several years the field of humanized mice has matured and developed into an essential component of translational research for HIV/AIDS. Humanized mice serve both as vehicles for discovery and as highly sophisticated platforms for biomedical research. In addition, humanized mice have demonstrated outstanding potential for the investigation of critical aspects of the infection and pathogenesis of the hepatitis and herpes viruses, as well as highly relevant microbial infections such as tuberculosis and malaria. Humanized Mice for HIV Research provides a comprehensive presentation of the history, evolution, applications, and current state of the art of this unique animal model. An expansion of twelve review articles that were published in Humanized Mice by Springer in 2008 (Eds: Nomura T, Watanabe T, Habu S), this book expertly captures the outstanding progress that has been made in the development, improvement, implementation, and validation of humanized mouse models. The first two parts of this book cover the basics of human-to-mouse xenotransplantation biology, and provide critical information about human immune cell development and function based on individual models created from different immunodeficient strains of mice. The third and fourth parts investigate HIV-1 biology, including different routes of transmission, prevention, treatment, pathogenesis, and the development of adaptive immunity in humanized mice. The fifth part shows the broad applicability of humanized mice for therapeutic development, from long-acting antiretroviral combinations to genetic manipulations with human cells and cell-based approaches. The sixth part includes liver tissue engineering and the expansion of humanized mice for many other human cell-tropic pathogens.
Download or read book Essentials of Laboratory Animal Science Principles and Practices written by P. Nagarajan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-23 with total page 797 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprehensively reviews the anatomy, physiology, genetics and pathology of laboratory animals as well as the principles and practices of using laboratory animals for biomedical research.It covers the design of buildings used for laboratory animals, quality control of laboratory animals, and toxicology, and discusses various animal models used for human diseases. It also highlights aspects, such as handling and restraint and administration of drugs, as well as breeding and feeding of laboratory animals, and provides guidelines for developing meaningful experiments using laboratory animals.Further, the book discusses various alternatives to animal experiments for drug and chemical testing, including their advantages over the current approaches. Lastly, it examines the potential effect of harmful pathogens on the physiology of laboratory animals and discusses the state of art in in vivo imaging techniques.The book is a useful resource for research scientists, laboratory animal veterinarians, and students of laboratory animal medicine.
Download or read book Humanized Mice written by Tatsuji Nomura and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-09-02 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The term humanized mouse in this text refers to a mouse in which human tissues and cells have been transplanted and show the same biological function as they do in the human body. That is, the physiological properties and functions of tra- planted human tissues and cells can be analyzed in the mouse instead of using a living human body. It should therefore be possible to study the pathophysiology and treatment of human diseases in mice with good reproducibility. Thus, the hum- ized mouse can be used as a potent tool in both basic and clinical research in the future. The development of appropriate immunodeficient mice has been indispensable in the creation of the humanized mouse, which has been achieved through many years of efforts by several laboratories. The first stage on the road to the humanized mouse was the report on nude mice by Isaacson and Cattanach in 1962. Thereafter, nude mice were studied in detail by Falanagan and, in 1968, Pantelouris found that these mice have no thymus gland, which suggested that the mice lack transplan- tion immunity against xenografts such as human hematopoietic stem cells. At the Nude Mouse Workshops (organized by Regard, Povlsen, Nomura and colleagues) that were held nine times between 1972 and 1997, the possibility of creating a humanized mouse using nude mice was extensively examined. The results, however, showed that certain human cancers can be engrafted in nude mice, but unfortunately engraftment of normal human tissue was almost impossible.
Download or read book Humanized Mouse Model written by Desislava Tsoneva and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fc Receptors written by Marc Daeron and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-12 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a state-of-the-art update on Fc Receptors (FcRs). It is divided into five parts. Part I, Old and New FcRs, deals with the long-sought-after FcμR and the recently discovered FCRL family and TRIM21. Part II, FcR Signaling, presents a computational model of FcεRI signaling, novel calcium channels, and the lipid phosphatase SHIP1. Part III, FcR Biology, addresses major physiological functions of FcRs, their glycosylation, how they induce and regulate both adaptive immune responses and inflammation, especially in vivo, FcR humanized mice, and the multifaceted properties of FcRn. Part IV, FcRs and Disease, discusses FcR polymorphism, FcRs in rheumatoid arthritis and whether their FcRs make macaques good models for studying HIV infection. In Part V, FcRs and Therapeutic Antibodies, the roles of various FcRs, including FcγRIIB and FcαRI, in the immunotherapy of cancer and autoimmune diseases using monoclonal antibodies and IVIg are highlighted. All 18 chapters were written by respected experts in their fields, offering an invaluable reference source for scientists and clinicians interested in FcRs and how to better master antibodies for therapeutic purposes.
Download or read book Patient Derived Tumor Xenograft Models written by Rajesh Uthamanthil and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-10-13 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Patient Derived Tumor Xenograft Models: Promise, Potential and Practice offers guidance on how to conduct PDX modeling and trials, including how to know when these models are appropriate for use, and how the data should be interpreted through the selection of immunodeficient strains. In addition, proper methodologies suitable for growing different type of tumors, acquisition of pathology, genomic and other data about the tumor, potential pitfalls, and confounding background pathologies that occur in these models are also included, as is a discussion of the facilities and infrastructure required to operate a PDX laboratory. Offers guidance on data interpretation and regulatory aspects Provides useful techniques and strategies for working with PDX models Includes practical tools and potential pitfalls for best practices Compiles all knowledge of PDX models research in one resource Presents the results of first ever global survey on standards of PDX development and usage in academia and industry
Download or read book Patient Derived Mouse Models of Cancer written by Robert M. Hoffman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-01 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text highlights seminal discoveries and also provides comprehensive and state-of the-art approach to mouse models of human patient tumors. These areas include training, basic techniques, as well as general troubleshooting. Subsequent chapters focus on the different mouse models of patient tumors including the various strains of immunodeficient mice currently available and the transplantation techniques that can be used as well as state-of-the-art imaging techniques. Practical applications of the models from drug discovery, genome analysis to personalized treatment are also covered. Written by experts in that field, each of these sections address these critical issues. A brief review of the existing literature addressing the particular topic follows in each section. Presently, there is no single source to provide information on technique and uses of mouse models of human patient tumors. Patient-Derived Mouse Models of Cancer will satisfy this need for cancer researchers, oncologists, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry scientists as well as molecular biologists studying in vivo systems
Download or read book Gnotobiotics written by Trenton R Schoeb and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-08-11 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gnotobiotics summarizes and analyzes the research conducted on the use of gnotobiotes, providing detailed information regarding actual facility operation and derivation of gnotobiotic animals. In response to the development of new tools for microbiota and microbiome analysis, the increasing recognition of the various roles of microbiota in health and disease, and the consequent expanding demand for gnotobiotic animals for microbiota/microbiome related research, this volume collates the research of this expanding field into one definitive resource. Reviews and defines gnotobiotic animal species Analyzes microbiota in numerous contexts Presents detailed coverage of the protocols and operation of a gnotobiotic facility
Download or read book Transgenic Mouse Methods and Protocols written by Marten H. Hofker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-04 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marten Hofker and Jan van Deursen have assembled a multidisciplinary collection of readily reproducible methods for working with mice, and particularlyfor generating mouse models that will enable us to better understand gene function. Described in step-by-step detail by highly experienced investigators, these proven techniques include new methods for conditional, induced knockout, and transgenic mice, as well as for working with mice in such important research areas as immunology, cancer, and atherosclerosis. Such alternative strategies as random mutagenesis and viral gene transduction for studying gene function in the mouse are also presented.
Download or read book Animal Models for the Study of Human Disease written by P. Michael Conn and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-05-29 with total page 1109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Animal Models for the Study of Human Disease identifies important animal models and assesses the advantages and disadvantages of each model for the study of human disease. The first section addresses how to locate resources, animal alternatives, animal ethics and related issues, much needed information for researchers across the biological sciences and biomedicine.The next sections of the work offers models for disease-oriented topics, including cardiac and pulmonary diseases, aging, infectious diseases, obesity, diabetes, neurological diseases, joint diseases, visual disorders, cancer, hypertension, genetic diseases, and diseases of abuse. Organized by disease orientation for ease of searchability Provides information on locating resources, animal alternatives and animal ethics Covers a broad range of animal models used in research for human disease
Download or read book Suppression and Regulation of Immune Responses written by Maria Cristina Cuturi and published by Humana. This book was released on 2015-11-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second volume expands upon the previous edition with new research and objectives in immunoregulation and immune tolerance. Chapters cover topics ranging from new molecular and cellular mechanisms of tolerance; generation and characterization of mice regulatory macrophages; recent advances in the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory disorders; and novel mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives on food allergies. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Suppression and Regulation of Immune Responses: Methods and Protocols, Volume II is a great resource for current research and inspiration for new studies in immune tolerance.
Download or read book Experimental Animal Models of Human Diseases written by Bartholomew Ibeh and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-05-23 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world has recorded losses in terms of human life as well as extensive time spent in experimentation with development of new drugs, elucidation of disease mechanism(s), and therapeutic agent discovery. Ethical and legal issues cojoin in slowing down scientific discoveries in medicine and biology. The past two (2) decades, therefore, have seen tremendous attempts that largely are successful in developing animal models with the characteristics of mimicking, approximating, or expressing transplanted human organs/tissues. These models or rather approaches seem to be fast, cost-effective, and easy to maintain compared to primates. This book is a collection of expert essays on animal models of human diseases of global interest. A visible objective of the book is to provide real-time experimental approach to scientists, clinicians, ethicists, medicolegal/medical jurisprudence workers, immunologists, postgraduate students, and vaccinologists and informative and multidisciplinary approach for the identification of new therapeutic targets and biomarkers using animal models as well as investigating the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of human diseases. An increased understanding of the genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms responsible for the development of human diseases has laid out the foundation for the development of rational therapies mainly with animal models.
Download or read book A Novel Humanized Mouse Model for Evaluating Mechanisms of Self tolerance and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Immunogenicity written by Matthew E. Brown and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two fundamental considerations in the development of effective regenerative medicine therapies are A) in vivo function of the therapy, and B) the patient-specific immune response to the therapy i.e. immunogenicity. As human pluripotent stem cell (PSC) differentiation protocols more reliably yield cells which accurately mimic primary cell function, PSC immunogenicity will increasingly be a key consideration for translation of these therapies to the clinic. This dissertation focuses on this second question of immunogenicity, specifically regarding a PSC type known as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). First, we examine the current research in the field and explore the use of humanized mouse models for regenerative medicine applications. Humanized mouse models allow us to experimentally test immunological hypotheses regarding PSC and other regenerative medicine therapies, and are very effective tools for evaluating pre-clinical therapies when combined with complementary in vitro assays of immunogenicity. Next, we detail the development of a novel humanized model, called the "NeoThy," which provides significant biological advantages for studies of human immune function, and bypasses certain ethical controversies associated with this area of research. The NeoThy incorporates neonatal thymus and cord blood tissues, which are much more abundant than the fetal sources currently used for conventional humanized mouse models. The use of non-fetal tissue allows for humanization of large numbers of NeoThy animals compared to fetal controls. This enables in-depth characterization of donor specimens and greater experimental consistency vs fetal tissue-based models. The NeoThy has equivalent human immune cell engraftment compared to fetal tissue humanized mice and exhibits T cell functionality in multiple assays. The dissertation next demonstrates reprogramming of iPSC lines from neonatal donors and creation of NeoThy mice to investigate the immune reaction to iPSC cell transplants. Lastly, we explore additional data related to humanized mice, PSC immunogenicity, and mechanisms of self-tolerance including Graft vs Host Disease, differential human cell engraftment in male vs female immune-deficient mice, thymic cellular composition and the impact of thymic developmental status on T cell development.
