Download or read book Human Taste Perception of Starch Hydrolysis Products written by Trina J. Lapis and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When it comes to carbohydrate, it has been assumed that only mono- and disaccharides, but not oligo- and polysaccharides, can be tasted. However, because of its importance in the human diet, oral detection of starch or its hydrolysis products would be beneficial. The main goal of this study was to investigate whether humans can detect starch or its hydrolysis products through the gustatory system. In the first study, the taste responsiveness to sugars and maltodextrins were measured. Results showed that maltodextrins could be tasted and that the responsiveness to maltodextrins were highly correlated to one another (r = 0.69 - 0.82, P 0.001) but not to sugars (r = 0.07 - 0.27, P 0.05). These results were suggestive of a gustatory detection of glucose oligomer and polymer mixtures independent of that to sugars. Nevertheless, maltodextrins contain a broad mixture of glucose oligomers and polymers of varying chain lengths. Thus, it was unclear what target substrates can facilitate the detection of glucose oligomers and/or polymers. The second study thus further elucidated the specific chain length ranges that can be tasted. Results showed that the taste of glucose oligomers (degree of polymerization, DP, 7 and 14) (P 0.05) but not glucose polymers (DP 44) (P 0.05) can be discriminated from water blanks without the confounding effects of other sensory cues (i.e., odor and texture). Further, when hT1R2/hT1R3 sweet taste receptors were blocked by lactisole, a known sweet inhibitor, the sweet substances could not be discriminated from blanks (P > 0.05) while glucose oligomers (DP 7 and 14) still could be (P

Download or read book Starch Hydrolysis Products written by Fred W. Schenck and published by New York : VCH. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Production and Human Taste Detection of Glucose Polymers with Distinct Chain Length Ranges written by Amy Balto and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A majority of human caloric intake is in the form of complex carbohydrates, which have been assumed to be tasteless. However, there is considerable evidence from rat and human studies to support the existence of a secondary carbohydrate taste receptor that detects glucose polymers. Psychophysical studies in our lab suggest that humans can taste maltodextrins and cooked starch after active tasting and thus support the presence of the postulated complex carbohydrate taste receptor. However, maltodextrins contain simple sugars (i.e., glucose and maltose) that activate the known sweet taste receptor, which is confounding when investigating the perception of glucose polymers. This thesis had two objectives: to produce three glucose polymer stimuli devoid of simple sugars with distinct chain length ranges and to evaluate the human taste detection of the stimuli. We developed an economical highly-modifiable methodology to produce large quantities of three compositionally distinct glucose polymer stimuli (i.e., Samples 1-3) from a corn syrup solid (CSS) starch hydrolysis product (CSS DE20). Ethanol-water differential solubility was used to remove simple sugars and to narrow the glucose polymer chain length ranges before rotary evaporation and freeze-drying. Determined by HPLC analysis, the average percent composition of Samples 1-3 were DP3-DP8, DP9+: 26.4 ± 1.5%, 73.6 ± 1.5%; 75.5 ± 1.8%, 24.5 ± 1.8%; and 0%, 100%. The average percent yield of Samples 1-3 were: 51.20 ± 1.33%, 8.04 ± 0.37%, and 25.98 ± 2.07%, respectively. To achieve the second thesis objective, the taste detection of Samples 1-3 at 6 and 8% (w/v) was evaluated using triangle tests without and with acarbose, an [alpha]-amylase inhibitor. Based on the findings of Sclafani et al. (1987), it was hypothesized that humans can detect the glucose polymer stimuli based on their proportion of short chain glucose polymers; the relative taste detection of the test stimuli would be Sample 2 (75% DP3-8) > Sample 1 (25% DP3-8) > Sample 3 (0% DP3-8). It was hypothesized that as glucose polymer stimuli concentration increased there would be an increase in the degree of taste detection. It was hypothesized that the presence of acarbose would alter the degree of taste detection if the hydrolysis of the glucose polymer stimuli was significant. According to the calculated d' values, subjects were able to significantly discriminate Sample 1 and Sample 2 against water, but were unable to detect Sample 3. There was a significantly higher discrimination of Sample 2 at 8% (w/v) compared to 6% (w/v). However, the discrimination of Samples 1 and 3 were not different across concentrations, possibly due to a trivial increase in the number of detectable molecules from 6 to 8% (w/v). In addition, the presence of acarbose did not elicit any significant difference in the discrimination of Samples 1-3 against water. This result implies that salivary [alpha]-amylase did not play a significant role in the glucose polymer stimuli detection likely due to an insignificant alteration of the stimuli saccharide profile. Overall, this research produced three glucose polymer stimuli devoid of simple sugars with distinct chain length ranges and supports the existence of a postulated complex carbohydrate receptor in humans that can detect short chain glucose polymers.

Download or read book Chemical Properties of Starch written by and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-03-11 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the chemical properties of starch. The book is a rich compendium driven by the desire to address the unmet needs of biomedical scientists to respond adequately to the controversy on the chemical properties and attendant reactivity of starch. It is a collective endeavor by a group of editors and authors with a wealth of experience and expertise on starch to aggregate the influence of qualitative and quantitative morphological, chemical, and genetic properties of starch on its functionalities, use, applications, and health benefits. The chemical properties of starch are conferred by the presence, amount and/or quality of amylose and amylopectin molecules, granule structure, and the nature and amounts of the lipid and protein molecules. The implication of this is comprehensively dealt with in this book.

Download or read book Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for Cardiovascular Disease written by Ronald Ross Watson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-10-23 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One major example of the synergy of bioactive foods and extracts is their role as an antioxidant and the related remediation of cardiovascular disease. There is compelling evidence to suggest that oxidative stress is implicated in the physiology of several major cardiovascular diseases including heart failure and increased free radical formation and reduced antioxidant defences. Studies indicate bioactive foods reduce the incidence of these conditions, suggestive of a potential cardioprotective role of antioxidant nutrients. Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for Cardiovascular Disease investigates the role of foods, herbs and novel extracts in moderating the pathology leading to cardiovascular disease. It reviews existing literature, and presents new hypotheses and conclusions on the effects of different bioactive components of the diet. Addresses the most positive results from dietary interventions using bioactive foods to impact cardiovascular disease Documents foods that can affect metabolic syndrome and other related conditions Convenient, efficient and effective source that allows readers to identify potential uses of compounds - or indicate those compounds whose use may be of little or no health benefit Associated information can be used to understand other diseases that share common etiological pathways

Download or read book Flavour written by Elisabeth Guichard and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-12-27 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will cover all aspects of flavour perception, including aroma, taste and the role of the trigeminal nerve, from the general composition of food to the perception at the peri-receptor and central level. This book will answer to a growing need for multidisciplinary approaches to better understand the mechanisms involved in flavour perception. The book presents the bases of anatomy of sensory perception. It will provide the requisite basic knowledge on the molecules responsible for flavour perception, on their release from the food matrix during the eating process in order to reach the chemosensory receptors, and on their retention and release from and transformation by bodily fluids of the oral and nasal cavities. It will also bring current knowledge on the multimodal interactions. This book will also cover the recent evolution in flavour science: characterisation of molecules, interaction with food matrix and more recently, physic-chemical and physiological and events during oral processing increasingly considered.

Download or read book Nutritional and Therapeutic Interventions for Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome written by Debasis Bagchi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-01-31 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diabetes mellitus affects approximately 20 million people in the US, or nearly 7% of the population. It is expected to increase by 70% within the next 25 years, and numerous epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that type 2 diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is estimated to cost over $92 billion in health care costs and lost productivity. The increased risk is due to the detrimental vascular effects of prolonged exposure to a hyperglycemic, oxidant-rich environment yielding associated cardiovascular risk factors: atherosclerosis, hypertension and clotting abnormalities. Hypertension and dyslipidemia in diabetic patients produces substantial decreases in cardiovascular and microvascular diseases. Nutritional and Therapeutic Interventions for Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome provides an overview of the current epidemic, outlines the consequences of this crisis and lays out strategies to forestall and prevent diabetes, obesity and other intricate issues of metabolic syndrome. The contributing experts from around the world give this book relevant and up-to-date global approaches to the critical consequences of metabolic syndrome and make it an important reference for those working with the treatment, evaluation or public health planning for the effects of metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Scientific discussion of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of the relationship between diabetes and metabolic syndrome Includes coverage of Pre-diabetes conditions plus both Type I and Type II Diabetes Presents both prevention and treatment options

Download or read book Oral Processing and Consumer Perception written by Bettina Wolf and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2022-02-02 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book for some years that provides a comprehensive overview of food oral processing including the biomechanics of swallowing, the biophysics of mouthfeel and texture as well as the biochemistry of flavours and how food microstructures can be manipulated.

Download or read book Flavor Perception written by Andrew J. Taylor and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike other human senses, the exact mechanisms that lead to our perception of flavor have not yet been elucidated. It is recognised that the process involves a wide range of stimuli, which are thought likely to interact in a complex way, but, since the chemical compounds and physical structures that activate the flavor sensors change as the food is eaten, measurements of the changes in stimuli with time are essential to an understanding of the relationship between stimuli and perception. It is clear that we need to consider the whole process - the release of flavor chemicals in the mouth, the transport processes to the receptors, the specificity and characteristics of the receptors, the transduction mechanisms and the subsequent processing of signals locally and at higher centres in the brain. This book provides a state-of-the-art review of our current understanding of the key stages of flavor perception for those working in the flavor field, whether in the academic or industrial sector. In particular, it is directed at food scientists and technologists, ingredients suppliers and sensory scientists.

Download or read book Biochemistry and Oral Biology written by A. S. Cole and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biochemistry and Oral Biology presents a unique exposition of biochemistry suitable for dental students. It discusses the structural basis of metabolism and the general principles of nutrition. It addresses the soft tissues, hard tissues, and the biology of the mouth. Some of the topics covered in the book are the free radical production; scope of biochemistry; characteristics of atoms; structure and properties of water; molecular building materials; ionization of proteins; affinity chromatography of proteins; structural organization of globular proteins; classification of enzymes; and biochemically important sugar derivatives. The naturally occurring fatty acids are fully covered. The nucleic acid components are discussed in detail. The text describes in depth the energy equivalents of different nutrients. The physiological effects of dietary fiber vitamin D deficiency are completely presented. A chapter is devoted to the alternative methods of fluoride administration and description of vitamins. The book can provide useful information to dental students, and researchers.

Download or read book Sensory Evaluation Practices written by Herbert Stone and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sensory Evaluation Practices examines the principles and practices of sensory evaluation. It describes methods and procedures for the analysis of results from sensory tests; explains the reasons for selecting a particular procedure or test method; and discusses the organization and operation of a testing program, the design of a test facility, and the interpretation of results. Comprised of three parts encompassing nine chapters, this volume begins with an overview of sensory evaluation: what it does; how, where, and for whom; and its origin in physiology and psychology. It then discusses measurement, psychological errors in testing, statistics, test strategy, and experimental design. The reader is also introduced to the discrimination, descriptive, and affective methods of testing, along with the criteria used to select a specific method, procedures for data analysis, and the communication of actionable results. The book concludes by looking at problems where sensory evaluation is applicable, including correlation of instrumental and sensory data, measurement of perceived efficacy, storage testing, and product optimization. This book is a valuable resource for sensory professionals, product development and production specialists, research directors, technical managers, and professionals involved in marketing, marketing research, and advertising.

Download or read book Starch in Food written by Lars Nilsson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-05-31 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Starch in Food: Structure, Function and Applications, Third Edition is now fully updated with eleven new chapters covering "hot" areas for starch applications, such as starch-based pickering emulsifiers, starch for structuring gluten-free bread products, and starch microspheres for encapsulation of probiotic bacteria. Sections illustrate how plant starch can be analyzed and modified, including chapters on analysis of starch molecular structure, molar mass and size, the relationship between structure and digestion of starch, sources of starch, including new chapters on cereal, root and tuber and pulse starches, and starch applications, with a new chapter on utilizing starches in product development, in baked products and in gluten-free bread. Starch selection is one of the most complex areas for a product developer, yet starch is key to solving formulation challenges when developing products to meet many of the emerging consumer trends. This book aids the end user on acquiring knowledge on fundamental starch aspects, such as granular and molecular structure and properties, analysis, biosynthesis and general functionality of starch in foods. Thoroughly revised edition bringing updated and new chapters covering the fundamentals of starch applications Explores starch aspects such as granular and molecular structure and properties, analysis, biosynthesis, and general functionality of starch in foods Offers insight into how starch-related formulation challenges can be addressed

Download or read book Glycoscience written by Bertram O. Fraser-Reid and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-04-14 with total page 2847 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a reflection of the quantum leap that has been made in the study of glycostructures, the first edition of this book has been completely revised and updated. The editors give up-to-date information on glycostructures, their chemistry and chemical biology in the form of a completely comprehensive survey. Glycostructures play highly diverse and crucial roles in a myriad of organisms and important systems in biology, physiology, medicine, bioengineering and technology. Only in recent years have the tools been developed to partly understand the highly complex functions and the chemistry behind them. While many facts remain undiscovered, this MRW has been contributed to by a large number of the world’s leading researchers in the field.

Download or read book Saliva Secretion and Functions written by A.J.M. Ligtenberg and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2014-05-31 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health professionals are more and more aware of the importance of saliva for oral health and well-being. As saliva secretion is steadily compromised with advancing age, it becomes a factor of concern in societies with an aging population, especially with a growing number of people who keep their own teeth. The numerous functions of saliva, like antimicrobial activity, lubrication, wound healing and its role in taste experience are only truly recognized when saliva secretion is hampered. In medical diagnostics, saliva shows its value as a safe and economical alternative to blood. This publication provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in salivary research by some of the world’s leading experts in the field. Chapters deal with various aspects: anatomy and physiology, e.g. regeneration of salivary glands, saliva functions, e.g. its protective and rheological properties, and diagnostics and disorders, e.g. xerostomia and hypersalivation. This book is not only recommended to basic scientists working in the field of oral biology, but also to dental students, dentists and health professionals who want to know more about one of the most underestimated bodily fluids.

Download or read book Prebiotics and Probiotics Science and Technology written by Dimitris Charalampopoulos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-08-12 with total page 1273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview on the advances in the field, this volume presents the science underpinning the probiotic and prebiotic effects, the latest in vivo studies, the technological issues in the development and manufacture of these types of products, and the regulatory issues involved. It will be a useful reference for both scientists and technologists working in academic and governmental institutes, and the industry.

Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Behaviour of Salivary Amylase in Various Reaction Environments with Reference to Km and Vmax An Overview written by Prem Jose Vazhacharickal and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2017-06-01 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific Study from the year 2016 in the subject Chemistry - Bio-chemistry, grade: 1.5, Mar Augusthinose College, language: English, abstract: Amylase is an enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of α (1, 4)-glycosidic linkages in amylose (a linear form of starch), amylopectin (a branched form of starch) and glycogen into simpler carbohydrate molecules such as oligosaccharides or disaccharides. Alpha-amylase is the major form of amylase found in human, most prominently in pancreatic juice and saliva. The salivary amylase is an amylolytic enzyme, which can acts on cooked or boiled starch and converts it in to maltose. So it became interesting to study the behaviour of salivary amylase, when it is secreted as result of different stimuli. And thus began to study the effect of five different stimulatory temperatures, and also the effect of four tastes on the behaviour of salivary amylase. For the study of stimulatory effect of temperature on salivary amylase, five different temperatures are selected (4, 27, 37, 55 and 75°C). And likewise four tastes also selected (sweet, sour, salt and bitter). The DNS method was done in the both tests to obtain the absorbance at 520 nm. The samples were collected from three people, of same age. The saliva was collected at same time, after one and a half hour of their breakfast in order to maintain a controlled condition for this study. In each cases the incubation temperature also kept as variable (4, 27, 37, 55 and 75°C). This study was also aimed to determine the behaviour of salivary amylase with reference to the kinetic parameters like Km and Vmax of salivary alpha amylase by incubating the enzyme (stimulated by different stimulatory conditions of temperature and taste) with varying concentration of substrate. The study revealed the consistency in kinetic parameters like Km and Vmax of salivary alpha amylase secreted in response to various stimuli.