Download or read book Human Prostate Cell Culture Models for Studies on Prostate Cancer Progression and Chemoprevention written by Salmaan Taher Abdul Quader and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Xenotransplantation of Human Prostate Cell Lines written by Amanda Sue Rivette and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Animal Models for the Study of Human Disease written by Ann-Christin Gaupel and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-29 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In humans, the natural history of prostate cancer spans 30–40 years, which makes it a difficult disease to model in rodents. Furthermore, the molecular pathology of prostate cancer responsible for tumor initiation and progression is complex and often redundant. The sequential changes in oncogene and tumor suppressor gene expression during prostate cancer progression have not been fully delineated. Despite these issues, there are model systems, including carefully designed orthotopic xenograft models, that provide robust platforms for drug evaluation and studying the effects of diet and environmental stress on prostate carcinogenesis. Comprehensive transgenic and knockout models have also been developed that recapitulate individual steps in tumor initiation and metastatic progression and highlight the importance of the tumor microenvironment. While very few of the transgenic and knockout systems recapitulate the entire natural history of prostate cancer, individual model systems provide valuable genetic insight into the biological consequences of disrupting prostate homeostasis.
Download or read book Models for Prostate Cancer written by Gerald Patrick Murphy and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular and Cellular Biology of Prostate Cancer written by James P. Karr and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1991 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I. Intracellular Communications.- Tissue Specificity and Cell Death are Associated with Specific Alterations in Nuclear Matrix Proteins.- Mechanism of Growth Regulation in Androgen Responsive Cells.- The Impact of Androgen, Extracellular Matrix, and Stroma upon Proliferation and Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Prostate Epithelial Cells.- Therapeutic Approaches to Activating Programmed Cell Death of Androgen-Independent Prostatic Cancer Cells.- Cell Motility and Structural Harmonics in Prostate Cancer.- Panel Discussion.- II. Growth Factors - 1.- Studies of the Endocrine and Paracrine Effect of Tumor Produced Factors in Human Genitourinary Cancers.- Fibroblast Growth Factor: Implications in the Etiology of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.- Fibroblast-Mediated Human Epithelial Tumor Growth and Hormonal Responsiveness In Vivo.- Polyamine Requirement of Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation.- Heparin-Binding (Fibroblast) Growth Factor/Receptor Gene Expression in the Prostate.- Characterization and Partial Purification of a Non - Heparin-Binding Prostate Growth Factor From Cancerous Human Prostate.- Panel Discussion.- Growth Factors - 2.- Transforming Growth Factor a: A Potential Autocrine Growth Regulator in Prostatic Carcinoma.- Prostatic Growth Factors (PrGFs) - From the Identification of Probasin to the Role of PrGFs.- Urogenital Sinus Derived Growth Inhibitory Factor.- Growth Factor Antagonists in Prostate Cancer: Suramin and Cytotoxic Polyamines as Potential Therapy.- Transforming Growth Factors in Human Prostate Cancer.- Gene Products as the Motivating Force in the Prostate Cell's Response to Androgens.- Panel Discussion.- III. Steroid Receptors.- Molecular Biology of Prostate - Specific Antigen.- Structure and Expression of the Androgen Receptor in Normal Tissues and in Prostate Carcinoma Cell Lines.- Structural Analysis and Gene Expression of TR2 Receptor and TR3 Receptor.- cDNA Cloning, Antibody Production and Immunohistochemical Localization of the Androgen Receptor.- New Approaches to Studies on the Androgen Receptor.- Specific Receptors for Vitamin D3 in Human Prostatic Carcinoma Cells.- Panel Discussion.- IV. Poster Presentations.- Role of Androgens and Extracellular Matrix in the Growth and Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Prostatic Epithelial Cells.- Tissue Specificity and Cell Death Are Associated with Specific Alterations in Nuclear Matrix Proteins.- ElTect of Transformation on Rat Prostatic Fibroblasts: Alterations In Extracellular Matrix and Cytoskeleton Gene Expression with Retention of Androgen Responsiveness and Androgen Receptor Expression.- A Potential Role for the MDR-1 Gene in the Development of Androgen-Independent Tumors.- Relevance of Low Androgen Levels and Adrenal Androgens in the Growth of Transplantable Human Prostatic Carcinomas.- Growth-Stimulating Effect of Growth Factor(s) from Androgen Independent Tumor Cells (CS 2-Cell) on Androgen Responsive Tumor Cells.- The Cellular Form of Human Prostatic Acid Phosphatase May Function as a Phosphotyrosyl Protein Phosphatase in Cells.- Expression of Prostate Antigen in LNCaP Cells in Culture.- Allelic Expression of the Mouse Ren-1 Genes in the Anterior Prostate (Coagulating Gland).- V. Dna Structure and Gene Expression.- Genomic Alterations in Prostatic Cancer.- Regulation of Gene Expression in the Prostate.- Androgen Regulation of HBGF I-(aFGF) and Characterization of the Androgen-Receptor mRNA in the Human Prostate Carcinoma Ceil Une - LNCaP/A-dep.- DNA Methylation, Differentiation and Cancer.- Evidence for tbe Involement of Genetic Differences and Mesenchymal Factors in the Progression of Oncogene - Induced Prostate Cancer in Reconstituted Mouse Prostate.- Differential Hybridization Analysis as a Tool to Study Prostatic Cancer Metastasis.- Molecular Biology of Androgen Acceptors in Prostatic Cancer Cells.- Panel Discussion.- Panel Discussion.- Panel Discussion.- Panel Discussion.- Panel Discussion.- Contributors.
Download or read book Overview of Primary Cell Culture Models in Preclinical Research of Prostate and Bladder Cancer written by Shridhar C. Ghagane and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The number of patients diagnosed with prostate and bladder cancer is increasing worldwide and one of the most important challenges remains the development of effective, safe and economically viable antitumor drugs. Clinical approval for drugs tested in preclinical studies enabling them to enter phase I clinical trials is essential. Cell lines are in vitro model systems that are widely used in different fields of medical research, especially basic cancer research and drug discovery. Their usefulness is primarily linked to their ability to provide an indefinite source of biological material for experimental purposes. Under the right conditions and with appropriate controls, authenticated cancer cell lines retain most of the genetic properties of the cancer of origin. Studies conducted during the initial development of drugs such as toxicity, corrosion and drug activity were carried out on animals; however, in the past two decades, alternatives have been sought due to the fact that animals do not effectively model to human in vivo conditions and unexpected responses are observed in the studies. Also, more than 100 million animals were used and billion dollars were spent for animal toxicity experiments. Cell culture studies made positive contributions to the initial development of drugs and is highly desirable, as it provides systems for ready, direct access and evaluation of tissues. Contrary to animal studies, less cost and the need for low drug and a short response time are the characteristics for in vitro cell culture methods. In vitro tumor models are a necessary tool, in not only the search for new substances showing antitumor activity but additionally for assessing their effectiveness. This chapter reviews the main features of primary cancer cell cultures, provides an overview of the different methods for their selection and management, and summarizes the wide range of studies that can be performed with them to improve the understanding of prostate and bladder cancer preclinical treatment processes.
Download or read book Inducing Pluripotency and Immortality in Prostate Tumor Cells written by Rita Roces Fiñones and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The progression from local prostate tumor to lethal prostate cancer is not well understood. Although current treatments cure a majority of patients, a significant minority (~12 %) of people are diagnosed with late-stage, hormone-independent disease. As yet, the origin of the hormone-independent prostate cancer cells is unknown. In the present study, the transition to the lethal form of this disease is hypothesized to occur when a genetically-compromised tumor cell undergoes (1) an immortalization or (2) a pluripotentiation step. In this work, cells from early-stage, human prostate tumors were grown in optimized culture conditions in the absence of testosterone. We then utilized the prostate tumor cells to assess the mechanisms involved in the transition from local tumor to aggressive cancer. Two separate groups of genes were used to model this transition. In one study, prostate tumor cells were retrovirally transduced to express Bmi-1 and telomerase (TERT), a combination that allows epithelial cells to bypass senescence and become an immortal cell line. In the second approach, prostate tumor cells were transduced using a four-gene, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell strategy that reprograms adult cells to a pluripotent embryonic stem (ES)-cell state. Cellular response to different microenvironments was assayed in vivo by subcutaneous injection, implantation under the kidney capsule with embryonic urogenital mesenchyme (a technique termed "tissue recombination"), and orthotopic engraftment into the anterior prostate of SCID/Beige mice. The results of this work demonstrate that prostate cells can be selectively cultured from local tumors. These cells express prostate stem cell characteristics and initially grow from clusters within a putative prostate tumor stem-cell niche. Bmi-1 and TERT extended cell lifespan and increased proliferation, but did not promote a malignant phenotype. Thus, immortalization of prostate tumor cells may be necessary but not sufficient to progress the disease. In contrast, the induction of pluripotency in prostate cells triggered a highly invasive phenotype. This finding suggests that the acquisition of pluripotency is a mechanism that promotes the transition from local tumor to a more aggressive cancer.
Download or read book Cell Molecular Biology of Prostate Cancer written by Heide Schatten and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-18 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers classic and modern cell and molecular biology of prostate cancer, as well as novel biomarkers, inflammation, centrosome pathologies, microRNAs, cancer initiation novel biomarkers, inflammation, centrosome pathologies, microRNAs, cancer initiation and genetics, epigenetics, mitochondrial dysfunctions and apoptosis, cancer stem cells, angiogenesis and progression to metastasis, and treatment strategies including clinical trials related to prostate cancer. Cell & Molecular Biology of Prostate Cancer is one of two companion books comprehensively addressing the biology and clinical aspects of prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer: Molecular & Diagnostic Imaging and Treatment Stategies, the companion volume, discusses both classic and the most recent imaging approaches including analysis of needle biopsies, applications of nanoparticle probes and peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals for detection, early diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Taken together, these volumes form one comprehensive and invaluable contribution to the literature.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of Prostate Cancer written by Manfred Wirth and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Osteoblast Prostate Cancer Cell Interaction in Prostate Cancer Bone written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prostate cancer cells have a remarkable affinity to develop metastases in bone. Clinical data and laboratory observations both suggest that bone-malignant epithelium interactions play a central role in prostate cancer progression. We have developed an in vitro model system that reflects the most common cellular features of prostate cancer bone metastases. The model consists of the prostate cancer cell lines: MDA PCa 2a or MDA PCa 2b (the TabBO cells) co-cultured with primary mouse osteoblasts (PMO). The two cell types share medium but are not in physical contact because the prostate cancer cells are plated in cell-culture inserts. We have established the optimal conditions for growing prostate cancer cells in co-culture with PMO. Using those conditions, we defined the effect that prostate cancer cells have in PMO in our model system. This effect reflects the interaction between prostate cancer cells and osteoblasts in prostate cancer bone metastases. Therefore we conclude that our model system may be suitable to study the molecular and cellular events involved in the new bone formation observed in prostate cancer bone metastases.
Download or read book Tissue engineered Prostate Cancer Xenografts written by Thomas Joseph Long and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite massive investments in research and development, it is estimated that 95% of oncology compounds that enter clinical trials ultimately fail to receive FDA approval [1]. This disconnect between pre-clinical testing and clinical success points to a need to develop improved pre-clinical model systems for cancer studies that more accurately reflect human disease states. Toward this goal, biomaterial scaffolds have shown promise as the basis for in vitro and in vivo 3D cancer models. Tumors engineered using biomaterials have shown evidence of being more physiologically relevant than some traditional preclinical model systems, and synthetic biomaterials provide the added potential for enhanced microenvironmental control. In this dissertation, we examine sphere-templated poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) scaffolds as the basis for engineering in vivo xenografts from human prostate cancer cell lines. Methods were developed to seed, culture, and measure the proliferation of prostate cancer cells in vitro within these porous hydrogels. A novel capillary force-based seeding method is described that improved cell number and distribution within the scaffolds compared to well-established protocols such as static and centrifugation seeding. Dynamic cell culture improved oxygen diffusion in vitro, and a PicoGreen-based DNA assay was used to evaluate cell proliferation. pHEMA scaffolds seeded and pre-cultured with tumorigenic M12 prostate cancer epithelial cells prior to implantation generated tumors in athymic nude mice, demonstrating the ability of the scaffolds to be used as a synthetic vehicle for xenograft generation. The resulting tumors showed no significant differences in tumor growth kinetics or vascularity compared to standard xenografts derived from Matrigel, which is consistent with observations that highly tumorigenic cells are not affected in vivo by 3D culture within biomaterial scaffolds. Because Matrigel-based xenografts expose cells to exogenous growth factors and ECM proteins, it would be of interest to the cancer research field to develop a controllable, synthetic system as a replacement. We attempted to do this using pHEMA scaffolds seeded with LNCaP C4-2 metastatic prostate cancer cells. LNCaP C4-2 cells ordinarily require Matrigel or stromal cell support to form tumors in vivo, but when implanted within pHEMA, the constructs were poorly tumorigenic. Scaffold surface modification with collagen I did not improve tumorigenicity, but the synthetic nature of the scaffold lends itself to further surface modifications and controlled growth factor release in future studies that may allow tumor development within a controllable microenvironment. Finally, M12mac25 cells, an epithelial prostate cancer cell line that is ordinarily rendered non-tumorigenic through the expression of the tumor suppressor insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7), displayed a tumorigenic response when implanted within porous pHEMA scaffolds. These findings show the potential for this biomaterials-based model system to be used in the study of in vivo prostate cancer dormancy and dormancy escape. The M12mac25 tumors showed no significant difference in vascularity compared to their dormant Matrigel counterparts, but did demonstrate a significantly higher macrophage infiltration within the scaffolds mediated by the foreign body response to the materials. Cytokine arrays, DNA oligonucleotide arrays, in vitro macrophage-conditioned media studies, and in vivo studies using clondronate liposomes to eliminate macrophages showed evidence that macrophages could be the key cellular player mediating this dormancy escape.
Download or read book Modelling Stromal cancer Cell Interactions in Prostate Tumours written by Roxanne Toivanen and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prostate cancer is a disease with high incidence and mortality rates. A recent research focus has been on identifying cells of origin which initiate tumourigenesis and cancer repopulating cells responsible for tumour growth and resistance to therapies, as they are an important novel therapeutic target.Our ability to identify these cells in the prostate has been hampered by a lack of human models to study disease progression. Whilst the use of primary human prostate cancer specimens is preferable over commonly used cell and xenograft lines, they display low survival and growth in in vivo assays. It is well established that the stroma plays an important role in prostate biology, however is rarely considered in the use of cancer cell focused approaches. As such this thesis aimed to create models of prostate cancer that are biologically accurate, in order to identify cells of origin and cancer repopulating cells, by providing an enriching stromal environment to primary tissues. Chapter 3 aimed to define potential cells of origin in prostate cancer. Stem cells and transient-amplifying/progenitors from the basal compartment were subjected to in vivo tumour initiation models where the stroma drives malignant transformation. The results confirmed that basal cells were able to initiate tumours, however the tumourigenic potential resided within the transient-amplifying cells, rather than the stem cells.Chapter 4 then examined prostate cancer repopulating cells. Due to observations that the stroma plays an important role in prostate biology, a bioassay was developed where primary localised prostate cancer tissues and cells were combined with inductive mouse mesenchyme to enhance survival and growth in vivo. Mouse mesenchyme did confer a survival and growth advantage of prostate cancer tissues and was essential for the survival and growth of subfractionated cancer cells, thus creating the first assay to study cancer repopulating cells in vivo using primary tissue. Chapter 5 utlised this chimeric xenografting approach to examine cancer repopulating cells in the context of systemic and paracrine androgen signalling, in attempt to identify the cancer repopulating cells which are resistant to current therapies. While androgen deprivation therapy is usually the treatment modality for advanced disease, this model demonstrated castrate-resistant cancer repopulating cells are also present in localised tumours. Furthermore, this study also showed that low stromal androgen receptor levels dampened the response to castration, demonstrating the complex relationship between cancer repopulating cells and the surrounding microenvironment.Overall, this thesis reports the development of models which can be utilised to study cells of origin and cancer repopulating cells in prostate malignancy, using human clinical specimens. This body of work demonstrates the important role that the stroma plays in prostate cancer and maintaining a supportive microenvironment in in vivo models. Future efforts can use these models to further dissect the biology of prostate cancer progression, in particular determine how cancer repopulating cells can be therapeutically targeted to provide better outcomes for patients.
Download or read book Glucosinolates written by J. M. Merillon and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Holland Frei Cancer Medicine written by Robert C. Bast, Jr. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-10 with total page 2004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine, Ninth Edition, offers a balanced view of the most current knowledge of cancer science and clinical oncology practice. This all-new edition is the consummate reference source for medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, internists, surgical oncologists, and others who treat cancer patients. A translational perspective throughout, integrating cancer biology with cancer management providing an in depth understanding of the disease An emphasis on multidisciplinary, research-driven patient care to improve outcomes and optimal use of all appropriate therapies Cutting-edge coverage of personalized cancer care, including molecular diagnostics and therapeutics Concise, readable, clinically relevant text with algorithms, guidelines and insight into the use of both conventional and novel drugs Includes free access to the Wiley Digital Edition providing search across the book, the full reference list with web links, illustrations and photographs, and post-publication updates
Download or read book Vitamin D written by Michael F. Holick and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nutrition and Health series of books has as an overriding mission to provide health professionals with texts that are considered essential because each includes: a synthesis of the state of the science; timely, in-depth reviews by the leading researchers in their respective fields; extensive, up-to-date fully annotated reference lists; a detailed index; relevant tables and figures; identification of paradigm shifts and the consequences; of information between chapters, but targeted, inter-chapter refer virtually no overlap rals, suggestions of areas for future research; and balanced, data-driven answers to patient questions that are based on the totality of evidence rather than the findings of any single study. The series volumes are not the outcome of a symposium. Rather, each editor has the potential to examine a chosen area with a broad perspective, both in subject matter as well as in the choice of chapter authors. The international perspective, especially with regard to public health initiatives, is emphasized where appropriate. The editors, whose training is both research and practice oriented, have the opportunity to develop a primary objective for their book, define the scope and focus, and then invite the leading authori ties from around the world to be part of their initiative. The authors are encouraged to provide an overview of the field, discuss their own research, and relate the research de findings to potential human health consequences.
Download or read book Prostate Cancer written by Scott M. Dehm and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-03 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to provide a contemporary overview of the causes and consequences of prostate cancer from a cellular and genetic perspective. Written by experts in the fields of epidemiology, toxicology, cell biology, genetics, genomics, cell-cell interactions, cell signaling, hormone signaling, and transcriptional regulation, the text covers aspects of prostate cancer from disease initiation to metastasis. Chapters explore in depth the cells of origin for prostate cancer, its genomic subtypes, neural transcription factors in disease progression, epigenetic regulation of chromatin, and many other topics. This book distinguishes itself from other texts on prostate cancer by its focus on cellular and genetic mechanisms, as opposed to clinical diagnosis and management. As a result, this book will be of broad interest to basic and translational scientists with familiarity of these topics, as well as to trainees at earlier stages of their research careers.
Download or read book Mitochondria as Targets for Phytochemicals in Cancer Prevention and Therapy written by Dhyan Chandra and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-11 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the importance of phytochemicals and mitochondria in cancer prevention and therapy. Recent scientific discoveries have identified that naturally occurring biologically active compounds (i.e. phytochemicals) target multiple steps of tumorigenesis leading to the inhibition or delay in cancer progression. Mitochondria, organelles within a cell, are a critical target for phytochemicals in regulating the initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer. The book is divided into three parts to better communicate the important findings related to phytochemicals and mitochondria in cancer research. The first part describes updates on environmental and genetic factors causing cancer initiation and progression, the role of mitochondria function in regulating the process of tumorigenesis, and the role of mitochondria in regulating cell death such as apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis. The second part focuses on the elucidation of key target proteins that could be exploited for cancer prevention, an the role of phytochemicals in cancer prevention, updates on basic research related to phytochemicals action critical for cancer prevention, and updates on translational knowledge on cancer prevention by phytochemicals. The third part provides updates on phytochemicals targeting mitochondria for cancer therapy, an overview of action of phytochemicals on cancer stem cells, updates on the role of microRNA in phytochemicals-based therapy of cancer, and updates on phytochemicals-based translation research on therapy for metastatic cancer.
