Download or read book Human Exposure to Pollutants via Dermal Absorption and Inhalation written by Mihalis Lazaridis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-22 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estimates of the air pollution health impact play a crucial role in environmental protection. These estimates require accurate data on the pollutant exposure and dose to the population as well as the dose–response relationships to calculate the health impact. From an air quality manager’s perspective there is concern about the validity and accuracy of these calculations. There is a need for information and possible ways to adjust the assessment. One important topic for air quality managers is to understand the relative cont- bution of sources to the total exposure. These sources may be coming from both different outdoor sources from sectors such as transport, industry and energy ind- tries, and from a number of indoor sources, such as heating, ventilation and indoor activities as well as out-gassing from building material and furniture. Indoor air quality is now drawing the attention of policy makers. The basic right to, and importance of, healthy indoor air was emphasized by the World Health Organization as early as 2000 and several countries have described target conc- trations for various pollutants. The WHO Air Quality Guidelines 2005 rec- mended the development of specific guidelines for indoor air quality and these are expected to be published soon. Indoor air pollutants have not been as extensively monitored as outdoor air pollutants and the evidence base for contributions to health effects needs to be strengthened.
Download or read book Exposure Analysis written by Wayne R. Ott and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-10-26 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by experts, Exposure Analysis is the first complete resource in the emerging scientific discipline of exposure analysis. A comprehensive source on the environmental pollutants that affect human health, the book discusses human exposure through pathways including air, food, water, dermal absorption, and, for children, non-food ingesti
Download or read book Exposure to Contaminants in Drinking Water written by Stephen S Olin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-08-18 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exposure to Contaminants in Drinking Water: Estimating Uptake through the Skin and by Inhalation examines the current state of science in this field by identifying and reviewing the available information resources; evaluating various models and approaches; and demonstrating the feasibility of developing estimates of the distribution of absorbed doses of contaminants in drinking water through contact with the skin and by inhalation. This book, the product of a fifteen-member expert working group convened by the Risk Science Institute of the International Life Sciences Institute under a cooperative agreement with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Water, includes contributions from experts in exposure modeling and measurement; water chemistry; time-activity patterns; dermal and respiratory uptake; and the use of probability distributions in characterizing exposures.
Download or read book Water Contamination and Health written by Rhoda G.M. Wang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-08-26 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines every potential means of exposure to water contaminants, provides in-depth discussions on toxicology, and explains up-to-date techniques for evaluating human health risk. It develops a methodology for assessing the cumulative absorbed dose of contaminants through all routes of exposure, including ingestion, inhalation and dermal. Federal and state efforts to monitor and treat water are examined.
Download or read book Health Risk Assessment Dermal and Inhalation Exposure and Absorption of Toxicants written by Rhoda G.M. Wang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 930 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health Risk Assessment is a comprehensive reference focusing on dermal absorption, cholinesterase inhibition, adverse reproductive effects, and carcinogenicity. The book features contributions from over 40 top scientists and covers topics such as PBPK modeling, cytochrome P-450 metabolism in skin, percutaneous absorption, adverse effects, new skin models, and the role of epidemiology in assessing the hazards of toxicants. Health Risk Assessment is essential for toxicologists, environmental chemists, pharmacologists, risk assessors, and managers working in industrial, pesticide, and pharmaceutical development. The book will also benefit individuals in environmental, regulatory, and registration affairs, as well as academicians and students.
Download or read book Controlled Human Inhalation Exposure Studies at EPA written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-05-10 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has a mission and regulatory responsibility to protect human health and the environment. EPA's pursuit of that goal includes a variety of research activities involving human subjects, such as epidemiologic studies and surveys. Those research activities also involve studies of individuals who volunteer to be exposed to air pollutants intentionally in controlled laboratory settings so that measurements can be made of transient and reversible biomarker or physiologic responses to those exposures that can indicate pathways of toxicity and mechanisms of air-pollution responses. The results of those controlled human inhalation exposure (CHIE) studies, also referred to as human clinical studies or human challenge studies, are used to inform policy decisions and help establish or revise standards to protect public health and improve air quality. Controlled Human Inhalation-Exposure Studies at EPA addresses scientific issues and provides guidance on the conduct of CHIE studies. This report assesses the utility of CHIE studies to inform and reduce uncertainties in setting air-pollution standards to protect public health and assess whether continuation of such studies is warranted. It also evaluates the potential health risks to test subjects who participated in recent studies of air pollutants at EPA's clinical research facility.
Download or read book Human Exposure Assessment for Airborne Pollutants written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1991-02-01 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most people in the United States spend far more time indoors than outdoors. Yet, many air pollution regulations and risk assessments focus on outdoor air. These often overlook contact with harmful contaminants that may be at their most dangerous concentrations indoors. A new book from the National Research Council explores the need for strategies to address indoor and outdoor exposures and examines the methods and tools available for finding out where and when significant exposures occur. The volume includes: A conceptual framework and common terminology that investigators from different disciplines can use to make more accurate assessments of human exposure to airborne contaminants. An update of important developments in assessing exposure to airborne contaminants: ambient air sampling and physical chemical measurements, biological markers, questionnaires, time-activity diaries, and modeling. A series of examples of how exposure assessments have been applied-properly and improperly-to public health issues and how the committee's suggested framework can be brought into practice. This volume will provide important insights to improve risk assessment, risk management, pollution control, and regulatory programs.
Download or read book Contaminated Water Supplies at Camp Lejeune written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-09-06 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early 1980s, two water-supply systems on the Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune in North Carolina were found to be contaminated with the industrial solvents trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE). The water systems were supplied by the Tarawa Terrace and Hadnot Point watertreatment plants, which served enlisted-family housing, barracks for unmarried service personnel, base administrative offices, schools, and recreational areas. The Hadnot Point water system also served the base hospital and an industrial area and supplied water to housing on the Holcomb Boulevard water system (full-time until 1972 and periodically thereafter). This book examines what is known about the contamination of the water supplies at Camp Lejeune and whether the contamination can be linked to any adverse health outcomes in former residents and workers at the base.
Download or read book Theoretical and Mathematical Foundations of Human Health Risk Analysis written by Douglas J. Crawford-Brown and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists and regulators have struggled to define the role of theory, experiments, models and common sense in risk analysis. This situation has been made worse by the isolation of theory from modeling, of experimentation from theory, and of practical action from basic science. This book arises from efforts at regulatory agencies and industries to bring more science into health risk analysis so that society may better use limited resources to improve public health. This book covers: the characterization of exposure to pollutants and other sources of risk; the movement of pollutants into the body via inhalation; ingestion, dermal absorption, and exposures to radiation; the movement of a pollutant as it cascades through the tissues and organs of the body; and the development of principles and models for dose-response modeling. The book shows how an understanding of the biological, chemical, and physical properties of the environment and of the human body can guide the selection of mathematical models, and how these models can aid in estimating risks. Included in the book are models covering the full range of topics in human health risk analysis: exposure assessment, rates of intake, deposition and uptake by organs, absorption across membranes, biokinetics, dosimetry, and dose-response. The reader will gain from the book a better understanding of how environmental health science, as applied in risk analysis, can be used to create a more rational basis for the improvement of public health.
Download or read book Pathways of Human Exposure to Environmental Pollutants written by Rebecca Susan Bladon and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Silver written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Air Pollution the Automobile and Public Health written by Sponsored by The Health Effects Institute and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1988-01-01 with total page 703 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The combination of scientific and institutional integrity represented by this book is unusual. It should be a model for future endeavors to help quantify environmental risk as a basis for good decisionmaking." â€"William D. Ruckelshaus, from the foreword. This volume, prepared under the auspices of the Health Effects Institute, an independent research organization created and funded jointly by the Environmental Protection Agency and the automobile industry, brings together experts on atmospheric exposure and on the biological effects of toxic substances to examine what is knownâ€"and not knownâ€"about the human health risks of automotive emissions.
Download or read book Bioavailability of Contaminants in Soils and Sediments written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-05-03 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioavailability refers to the extent to which humans and ecological receptors are exposed to contaminants in soil or sediment. The concept of bioavailability has recently piqued the interest of the hazardous waste industry as an important consideration in deciding how much waste to clean up. The rationale is that if contaminants in soil and sediment are not bioavailable, then more contaminant mass can be left in place without creating additional risk. A new NRC report notes that the potential for the consideration of bioavailability to influence decision-making is greatest where certain chemical, environmental, and regulatory factors align. The current use of bioavailability in risk assessment and hazardous waste cleanup regulations is demystified, and acceptable tools and models for bioavailability assessment are discussed and ranked according to seven criteria. Finally, the intimate link between bioavailability and bioremediation is explored. The report concludes with suggestions for moving bioavailability forward in the regulatory arena for both soil and sediment cleanup.
Download or read book Monitoring Human Tissues for Toxic Substances written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1991-02-01 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Human Monitoring Program (NHMP) identifies concentrations of specific chemicals in human tissues, including toxicologic testing and risk assessment determinations. This volume evaluates the current activities of the NHMP; identifies important scientific, technical, and programmatic issues; and makes recommendations regarding the design of the program and use of its products.
Download or read book Human exposure assessment a guide to risk ranking risk reduction and research planning written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Metals and the Skin written by Richard H. Guy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-04-05 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Addresses the increase of toxic heavy metals in the environment. Sets the standard for future research in interactions between the skin and metals and metal compounds-covering the general toxicology of 35 metals and metalloids, their occurrence in the environment, significance in nutrition, skin diffusivity, occupational exposure risks, and immunotoxicity."
Download or read book Exposure Assessment in Environmental Epidemiology written by Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preceded by Exposure assessment in occupational and environmental epidemiology / edited by Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen. 1st ed. 2003.
