Download or read book Experimentation with Human Beings written by Jay Katz and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 1972-07-24 with total page 1210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, increasing concern has been voiced about the nature and extent of human experimentation and its impact on the investigator, subject, science, and society. This casebook represents the first attempt to provide comprehensive materials for studying the human experimentation process. Through case studies from medicine, biology, psychology, sociology, and law—as well as evaluative materials from many other disciplines—Dr. Katz examines the problems raised by human experimentation from the vantage points of each of its major participants—investigator, subject, professions, and state. He analyzes what kinds of authority should be delegated to these participants in the formulation, administration, and review of the human experimentation process. Alternative proposals, from allowing investigators a completely free hand to imposing centralized governmental control, are examined from both theoretical and practical perspectives. The conceptual framework of Experimentation with Human Beings is designed to facilitate not only the analysis of such concepts as "harm," "benefit," and "informed consent," but also the exploration of the problems raised by man's quest for knowledge and mastery, his willingness to risk human life, and his readiness to delegate authority to professionals and rely on their judgment.
Download or read book The Plutonium Files written by Eileen Welsome and published by Delta. This book was released on 2010-10-20 with total page 814 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When the vast wartime factories of the Manhattan Project began producing plutonium in quantities never before seen on earth, scientists working on the top-secret bomb-building program grew apprehensive. Fearful that plutonium might cause a cancer epidemic among workers and desperate to learn more about what it could do to the human body, the Manhattan Project's medical doctors embarked upon an experiment in which eighteen unsuspecting patients in hospital wards throughout the country were secretly injected with the cancer-causing substance. Most of these patients would go to their graves without ever knowing what had been done to them. Now, in The Plutonium Files, Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter Eileen Welsome reveals for the first time the breadth of the extraordinary fifty-year cover-up surrounding the plutonium injections, as well as the deceitful nature of thousands of other experiments conducted on American citizens in the postwar years. Welsome's remarkable investigation spans the 1930s to the 1990s and draws upon hundreds of newly declassified documents and other primary sources to disclose this shadowy chapter in American history. She gives a voice to such innocents as Helen Hutchison, a young woman who entered a prenatal clinic in Nashville for a routine checkup and was instead given a radioactive "cocktail" to drink; Gordon Shattuck, one of several boys at a state school for the developmentally disabled in Massachusetts who was fed radioactive oatmeal for breakfast; and Maude Jacobs, a Cincinnati woman suffering from cancer and subjected to an experimental radiation treatment designed to help military planners learn how to win a nuclear war. Welsome also tells the stories of the scientists themselves, many of whom learned the ways of secrecy on the Manhattan Project. Among them are Stafford Warren, a grand figure whose bravado masked a cunning intelligence; Joseph Hamilton, who felt he was immune to the dangers of radiation only to suffer later from a fatal leukemia; and physician Louis Hempelmann, one of the most enthusiastic supporters of the plan to inject humans with potentially carcinogenic doses of plutonium. Hidden discussions of fifty years past are reconstructed here, wherein trusted government officials debated the ethical and legal implications of the experiments, demolishing forever the argument that these studies took place in a less enlightened era. Powered by her groundbreaking reportage and singular narrative gifts, Eileen Welsome has created a work of profound humanity as well as major historical significance. From the Hardcover edition.
Download or read book Human Experimental Psychology written by Joan Gay Snodgrass and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1985 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A clear introduction to human experimental psychology in a laboratory setting, this up-to-date textbook covers design and procedural methodology and features a broad overview of relevant research areas, with chapters on episodic and semantic memory; perception and attention; conditioning, learning, and motivation; and thinking and problem solving. A unique final chapter presents guidelines for writing the research report.
Download or read book Behind the Shock Machine written by Gina Perry and published by New Press, The. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When social psychologist Stanley Milgram invited volunteers to take part in an experiment at Yale in the summer of 1961, none of the participants could have foreseen the worldwide sensation that the published results would cause. Milgram reported that fully 65 percent of the volunteers had repeatedly administered electric shocks of increasing strength to a man they believed to be in severe pain, even suffering a life-threatening heart condition, simply because an authority figure had told them to do so. Such behavior was linked to atrocities committed by ordinary people under the Nazi regime and immediately gripped the public imagination. The experiments remain a source of controversy and fascination more than fifty years later. In Behind the Shock Machine, psychologist and author Gina Perry unearths for the first time the full story of this controversial experiment and its startling repercussions. Interviewing the original participants—many of whom remain haunted to this day about what they did—and delving deep into Milgram's personal archive, she pieces together a more complex picture and much more troubling picture of these experiments than was originally presented by Milgram. Uncovering the details of the experiments leads her to question the validity of that 65 percent statistic and the claims that it revealed something essential about human nature. Fleshed out with dramatic transcripts of the tests themselves, the book puts a human face on the unwitting people who faced the moral test of the shock machine and offers a gripping, unforgettable tale of one man's ambition and an experiment that defined a generation.
Download or read book Social Psychology written by Joanne R Smith and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2012-07-06 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electronic Inspection Copy available for instructors here The field of social psychology is defined by a number of 'classic studies' that all students need to understand and engage with. These include ground-breaking experiments by researchers such as Asch, Festinger, Milgram, Sherif, Tajfel and Zimbardo. With the help of international experts who are renowned for work that has extended upon these researchers' insights, this book re-examines these classic studies through careful reflection on their findings and a lively discussion of the subsequent work that they have inspired. Organized in a way that way maps onto the content of most introductory courses, this title can work at a number of levels: as an accessible text for introductory classes that present a historical analysis of social psychology via its key studies, or as a broad-ranging text for higher-level courses that survey contemporary theory and encourage critical thinking. More generally, it is a compelling read for anyone who wants to know more about social psychology and the dramatic studies that lie at its heart.
Download or read book Handbook of Research Ethics in Psychological Science written by Sangeeta Panicker and published by American Psychological Association (APA). This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A rich guide for understanding the evolving research landscape in psychology, including changes to core research ethics concepts such as informed consent, privacy, and risk of harm. This handbook offers a thorough and authoritative discussion of the ethical issues in conducting research with human participants. Each chapter poses an important ethical question, considers the relevant factors for addressing the question, and presents guidance for investigators. Topics include: informed consent, deception, risk/benefit ratio, data security, authorship, conflicts of interest, fairness and equity when collaborating with researchers in resource-poor settings, and more. While psychological research with humans still takes place in the investigator's laboratory and field, there is an increasing trend toward multiple investigators and interdisciplinary research projects owing to the complexity of modern research questions. Furthermore, technology has changed dramatically and affects all psychological researchers, whether they are working individually or in large teams. With its comprehensive scope and practical guidance, this book will serve as an invaluable aid to understanding and navigating the ethical challenges that confront new and seasoned researchers alike"--
Download or read book The Rise of Experimentation in American Psychology written by Jill Gladys Morawski and published by New Haven : Yale University Press. This book was released on 1988 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laboratory experiments are the principal tools used by psychologists to formulate and test their theories of how the human mind works, yet few histories of psychology have studied the experimental method and how it has changed over time. In this book then distinguished scholars explore the rapid rise and spread of the experimental method from its origins in the early decades of the century. They deal with such topics as the first efforts to bring number and quantification into psychology; who the subjects of early experiments were and how experimenters and subjects related to each other; famous psychologists such as Lewis Terman and Edward Titchener; and how experimental strategies were extended beyond the laboratory to the larger spaces of everyday life. The book concludes with two essays that discuss contemporary concerns regarding psychological experimentation.
Download or read book Obedience to Authority written by Stanley Milgram and published by HarperCollins. This book was released on 2017-07-11 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A part of Harper Perennial’s special “Resistance Library” highlighting classic works that illuminate our times: A special edition reissue of Stanley Milgram’s landmark examination of humanity’s susceptibility to authoritarianism. “The classic account of the human tendency to follow orders, no matter who they hurt or what their consequences.” — Washington Post Book World In the 1960s, Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram famously carried out a series of experiments that forever changed our perceptions of morality and free will. The subjects—or “teachers”—were instructed to administer electroshocks to a human “learner,” with the shocks becoming progressively more powerful and painful. Controversial but now strongly vindicated by the scientific community, these experiments attempted to determine to what extent people will obey orders from authority figures regardless of consequences. “Milgram’s experiments on obedience have made us more aware of the dangers of uncritically accepting authority,” wrote Peter Singer in the New York Times Book Review. With an introduction from Dr. Philip Zimbardo, who conducted the famous Stanford Prison Experiment, Obedience to Authority is Milgram’s fascinating and troubling chronicle of his classic study and a vivid and persuasive explanation of his conclusions.
Download or read book The Belmont Report written by United States. National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Experiments With People written by Robert P. Abelson and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-04-04 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiments With People showcases 28 intriguing studies that have significantly advanced our understanding of human thought and social behavior. These studies, mostly laboratory experiments, shed light on the irrationality of everyday thinking, the cruelty and indifference of 'ordinary' people, the operation of the unconscious mind, and the intimate bond between the self and others. This book tells the inside story of how social psychological research gets done and why it matters. Each chapter focuses on the details and implications of a single study, but cites related research and real-life examples. All chapters are self-contained, allowing them to be read in any order. Each chapter is divided into: *Background--provides the rationale for the study; *What They Did--outlines the design and procedure used; *What They Found--summarizes the results obtained; *So What?--articulates the significance of those results; *Afterthoughts--explores the broader issues raised by the study; and *Revelation--encapsulates the 'take-home message' of each chapter. This paperback is ideal as a main or supplementary text for courses in social psychology, introductory psychology, or research design.
Download or read book The Human Subject written by John G. Adair and published by Boston : Little, Brown. This book was released on 1973 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "For the past fifty years, one fundamental aspect of the methodology of psychology has resisted evolution and growth--the relationship of the human subject to the psychological experiment. Adopting the natural science model of the experimental method, we have regarded the interaction of subject, experimenter, and study as fixed and the laboratory as a methodologically sterile setting for the study of behavior. Recent research on the social psychology of the psychological experiment has proved us wrong. Research has revealed 'social contamination' in the laboratory; the subject and experimenter provide a stimulus for each other, their respective attitudes, feelings, and expectations influencing the data that are collected. This research as proposed ways to control or measure subject and experimenter bias in a study as well as alternatives to the traditional laboratory experiment. Because of its diversity, however, it is not easily interpretable, and its implications for methodological changes are not clear. This book provides an integrated view of this research and speculates on its implications for future experimentation. It is hoped that readers will gain from it a mature understanding of the experimental process, concern for its human element, and an appreciation of some of the unique controls they must exercise."--
Download or read book Ethics in Research with Human Participants written by Bruce Dennis Sales and published by Amer Psychological Assn. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The American Psychological Association offers this book to help researchers understand ethical conflicts. The examples and analyses help researchers in identifying conflicts of interest and solving ethical dilemmas, planning research, recruiting participants, training researchers, managing matters of informed consent and confidentiality, dealing with intellectual property issues, working with special populations, and updating protocols for institutional review boards.
Download or read book Experiments With People written by Kurt P. Frey and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2017-08-29 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book showcases 28 intriguing social psychological experiments that have significantly advanced our understanding of human social thinking and behavior. Each chapter focuses on the details and implications of a single study, while citing related research and real-life examples along the way. All the chapters are fully self-contained, allowing them to be read in any order without loss of coherence. This 2nd Edition contains a number of new studies and, together with its lively, conversational tone, it makes an ideal text for courses in social psychology, introductory psychology, or research design.
Download or read book The Belmont Report written by United States. National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Human Experimental Psychology written by Gail Levy Berger and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Human Experimental Psychology written by Robert C. Calfee and published by Holt McDougal. This book was released on 1975 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pitfalls in Human Research written by Theodore Xenophon Barber and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pitfalls in Human Research examines 10 ten pivotal points in human research where investigators and experimenters can go astray. Two questions are addressed: At what pivotal points in the complex research process can the experimental study go astray and give rise to misleading results and conclusions? What steps can researchers take to avoid these pitfalls? To answer these questions, those aspects of experimental studies that are under the control of the investigator as well as those aspects that are under the control of the experimenter are examined. This book begins by making a distinction between the investigator and the experimenter, arguing that their roles are functionally quite different. The discussion then turns to the 10 pitfalls in human research, divided into investigator effects and experimenter effects: investigator paradigm effect; investigator experimental design effect; investigator loose procedure effect; investigator data analysis effect; investigator fudging effect; experimenter personal attributes effect; experimenter failure to follow the procedure effect; experimenter misrecording effect; experimenter fudging effect; and experimenter unintentional expectancy effect. This monograph will be a useful resource for both investigators and experimenters, as well as those who utilize research results in their teaching or practice.
