Download or read book Human Capital Technology Adoption and Development written by Kerem Cosar and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents a model of development in which skilled labor is an input in technology adoption. The model combines Nelson and Phelps (1966) type technology dynamics with a growth model in which intermediate goods are used to produce a final good. The intermediate good producers hire skilled labor to increase their productivity by adopting techniques from an exogenously evolving stock of world knowledge. I solve for the stationary equilibrium and derive analytic expressions for steady state income level and wage premium. In a quantitative exercise, I calibrate the model and compare its predictions with data. The model successfully accounts for cross-country income differences and within-country wage premia on skilled labor. These results strengthen the idea that different types of human capital perform separate tasks and should not be aggregated into a single stock of human capital in development accounting exercises. The availability of skilled labor is potentially much more important for development than such aggregative exercises have so far suggested.

Download or read book Technology Adoption Human Capital and Growth Theory written by Chris Papageorgiou and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper explores a model in which growth is determined by a combination of human capital and technology adoption. At the heart of the model is the notion of "contiguous knowledge" the idea that knowledge spreads out a certain distance. Because of this property of knowledge, a country can adopt existing technology only when it is sufficiently close to the technological frontier. Unlike the neoclassical growth model, the proposed model predictions are pessimistic for countries that are far away from the frontier. The model is thus able to account both for rapid growth episodes and economic stagnation.

Download or read book Human Capital Technology Adoption and Firm Performance written by Yi Che and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human capital is indispensable for firms in developing countries to adopt new technologies and improve productivity, especially in industries that employ technologies more complementary to skilled labor, given that new technologies available after the 1970s tend to be skill-biased. Taking advantage of an exogenous surge in college-educated labor force in China starting in 2003 due to a drastic centrally-devised higher education expansion policy starting in 1999 and using a generalized difference-in-differences framework, this paper finds that industries that employ more human-capital intensive technologies experience a larger gain in total factor productivity post-2003 relative to prior years; they also show larger increases in import of advanced capital goods, R&D expenditure, capital intensity, employees with more education and in skilled occupations, and total value-added. The extra productivity gains however are much weaker for domestic private firms than foreign-owned firms.

Download or read book Finance Research Education and Growth written by L. Paganetto and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-01-31 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A crucial issue in the era of globalisation and internationalization, is whether the relationship between investment and finance is beneficial to growth and development. Received wisdom is that Research and Development is essential not only for maintaining productivity, but also for competing in the marketplace. Similar questions have been raised about education and its rate of 'social return; is education necessary for improving the skill of the workforce, or does it serve primarily to facilitate the adoption of these new technologies? This book brings together a case of leading international scholars to analyze the importance of education, research and human capital and the impact of financial systems on growth and development.

Download or read book Technology and Human Capital in Historical Perspective written by Jonas Ljungberg and published by Springer. This book was released on 2004-10-29 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One theme of this volume is whether the complementarity between technology and human capital is a recent phenomenon, or whether it can be traced through history. Different approaches to human capital as well as technology are applied, and besides historical surveys are total factor productivity and patent data employed. The studies deal with the Iberian peninsula, Scandinavia, and Canada, countries displaying different patterns in the international development.

Download or read book Technology Diffusion and Postwar Growth written by Diego Comin and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the aftermath of World War II, the world's economies exhibited very different rates of economic recovery. The authors provide evidence that those countries that caught up the most with the U.S. in the postwar period are those that also saw an acceleration in the speed of adoption of new technologies. This acceleration is correlated with the incidence of U.S. economic aid and technical assistance in the same period. The authors interpret this as supportive of the interpretation that technology transfers from the U.S. to Western European countries and Japan were an important factor in driving growth in these recipient countries during the postwar decades. Charts and tables.

Download or read book Technological Adoption Human Capital and Economic Growth written by Christakis E. Papageorgiou and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Human Capital Investment An international Comparison written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 1998-05-04 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report clarifies what is now known about human capital and how it can be measured.

Download or read book Directed Technology Adoption Human Capital Formation and World Income Distribution written by Ioana C. Schiopu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the effects of skill bias technical change at the frontier on the evolution of output and human capital in the adopting countries. The framework introduces a novel feature by connecting the direction of technology adoption to a sequential process of skill accumulation, where the returns of advanced human capital depend on the quality of basic education. I find that moderate skill bias produces convergence in output per capita, while strong skill bias leads to convergence clubs. The predictions of the model are broadly consistent with the evolution of world income distribution and educational attainments during 1960-2000.

Download or read book Focusing on the Effect of Educational Attainment and Technology Adoption on Economic Growth written by Wan-Goo Kang and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neoclassical growth theory suggests that less-developed countries will grow faster than developed countries because less-developed countries adopt technologies from the developed countries at low cost. This means that technology-adopting countries tend to grow faster when the technology gap from the technology transfer country is greater. However, experience over the last 40 years shows often that differences in growth rates across countries are persistent and some countries, especially relatively low income countries, have not grown fast in spite of a large technology gap. Therefore, this paper tries to identify environments where the technology gap affects economic growth through the diffusion of technologies obtained from leading economies by less developed ones. We assume that the benefit from the technology gap is limited by the human capital of the country and depends on interactions between that country and advanced countries. We focus on the role of average educational level in the process of technological progress through technology adoption from abroad. In addition, we test the effects of different levels of human capital. Using OLS, 3SLS, and panel analyses, this paper tests the role of human capital attainment and the effect of technology adoption combined with human capital in the growth process. This paper finds that human capital attainment and technology adoption have positive effects on economic growth. In addition, higher levels of education are more important in the later stages of development or in the developed countries. Technology adoption effects combined with human capital are increased as the human capital level increases.

Download or read book Essays on Human Capital Accumulation and Development written by Hyunseok Kim (Ph.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation, I explore human capital accumulation and its implication for economic development. Chapter 1 and 2 focused on the mechanism behind the sustained economic growth of South Korea, which was a war-devastated, aid-recipient country two generations ago but now sells semiconductors and automobiles to the world. I ask how the country shifted its technology to capital-intensive production technique. These chapters consider educational policy change that led to an increase in college graduate. Chapter 3 studies the mechanism behind the divergence in employment between temporary and permanent workers in South Korea. The chapter considers the labor policy change that protects temporary employment. For each chapter, I construct a plant-level panel dataset from a series of censuses and connect it with an industry-level input-output table to consider a spillover effect. Chapter 1 studies how an increase in college graduates has affected the technology shift in South Korea. The analysis is based on the concept of complementarity in technology adoption - i.e., the idea that more adopters increase a marginal adopter's gain. I consider skilled labor as an adoption good needed for technology adoption. If complementarity exists in technology adoption, there could be multiple equilibria, possibly leading to undesirable results from coordination failure. I develop a theoretical framework which predicts that an increase in the adoption good of skilled labor could overcome coordination failure and promote a technology shift. Based on plant-level panel data from 1982-1996, I find that accumulation of more outside human capital, or more adopters, (i) benefits marginal adopting firm's profit and investment, and (ii) promotes the firm's technology shift by increasing the productivity of capital while decreasing that of unskilled workers. This paper contributes to the literature on aggregate growth theory by verifying that outside human capital accumulation and its spillover effect contribute to economic growth. Chapter 2 builds on Chapter 1, where human capital is considered an adoption good, by studying the specific role of human capital. Specifically, I explore whether research and development (R&D) is the channel through which human capital accumulation leads to a technology shift. The analysis is based on previous literature indicating that R&D generates new knowledge and the absorption of outside knowledge. The latter role of R&D, absorptive capacity, matches the concept of complementarity in chapter 1. Based on plant-level panel data, I find that (i) human capital accumulation due to the educational policy change promotes R&D in the manufacturing industries; (ii) the effect of R&D spillovers is increasing in a firm's own R&D, a finding which validates the concepts of absorptive capacity and complementarity; and (iii) more outside R&D promotes a firm's technology shift toward capital-intensity. This paper contributes to the literature on endogenous growth, which so far has focused on R&D spillover's effects on total factor productivity rather than on technology shift, by connecting absorptive capacity with complementarity in technology adoption. Chapter 3 investigates another dimension of human capital: permanent and temporary workers. The labor market in South Korea has witnessed a divergence in employment between permanent and temporary workers. The proportion of permanent workers, which had been stable between 50 and 60 percent for two decades in the 1990s and 2000s, has increased recently to above 70 percent. I point out that legislation requiring firms that hire a worker on a temporary basis for more than two years to offer them permanent status serves as a trigger for the divergence. This legislation limits the advantages (to firms) of flexibility in hiring and capacity for screening new workers. Hence, in a competitive labor market firms expect that other firms are more likely to hire permanent rather than temporary workers. If complementarity exists in permanent employment, the legislation serves as a Big Push to make the divergence happen. Based on plant-level panel data covering 2011-2019, I find that (i) flexibility and screening effect of temporary workers are overwhelmed by human capital effect, and (ii) complementarity in permanent employment holds after the temporary employment protection legislation. This paper deepens the understanding of the recent labor market phenomena in South Korea by adopting the concept of complementarity and a Big Push.

Download or read book Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals written by Ahuja, Vandana and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2018-02-16 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this technological age, the information technology (IT) industry is an important facet of society and business. The IT industry is able to become more efficient and successful through the examination of its structure and a larger understanding of the individuals that work in the field. Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals is a critical scholarly resource that focuses on IT as an industry and examines it from an array of academic viewpoints. Featuring coverage on a wide range of topics, such as employee online communities, role stress, and competence frameworks, this book is targeted toward academicians, students, and researchers seeking relevant research on IT as an industry.

Download or read book Appropriate Technology Human Capital and Economic Development written by Beatrice Cristina Farkas and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Developing Human Capital written by Gene Pease and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-07-21 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Don't squander your most valuable resource! Collectively, your workers are your company's most important and most valuable asset. To make the most of this asset, nothing beats quantitative performance and investment measurement. Learning and Development is an 80 billion-dollar industry, and every valuable employee represents a sizable investment on the part of your company. To keep your business moving forward, effective management of human capital is crucial. It generates plenty of data, and deep analysis of this data helps you provide feedback and make adjustments to capitalize on the combined knowledge, skills, and creativity of your workers. Developing Human Capital: Using Analytics to Plan and Optimize Your Learning and Development Investments provides a guidebook for collecting, organizing, and analyzing the data surrounding human capital so you can make the most of your employees' potential. Use predictive analysis to optimize human capital investments Learn effective study design and alignment Get the tools you need for measurement, surveys, and analysis Decide what to measure and how to measure it Outline your company's current and future analytics technology needs Map data sources, and overcome barriers to data collection Authors Gene Pease, Bonnie Beresford, and Lew Walker provide case studies in which major companies applied human capital analytics to guide people decisions, and expand upon the role of analytics in Learning and Development. Developing Human Capital: Using Analytics to Plan and Optimize Your Learning and Development Investments is an essential guide to 21st century human resources and management practices, and can keep you from squandering your company's most valuable resource.

Download or read book Human Capital and Development written by Natteri Siddharthan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-04 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers included in this volume cover several aspects of human capital. It starts with the role of human capital in influencing productivity, employment and growth of employment. The chapters show that Indian States that have been neglecting schooling and health facilities have become victims in terms of low productivity and lower rates of employment. Consequently, employment cannot be increased without spending on education and health. Furthermore, the unorganised sector in India cannot provide gainful employment as productivity in this sector is low and is also declining. Skill intensity influences mainly productivity in the organised sector. As a result, states that have been neglecting human capital would lose on both counts. The chapters also reveal that human capital could be substituted for energy use and help in reducing energy consumption and pollution. India is also one of the important exporters of human capital and the non resident Indians send remittances back to India. The volume indicates that remittances play a significant role in poverty reduction and increase in per capita consumption levels. In addition remittances, unlike foreign direct investments and portfolio investments, are less erratic and are not influenced by slowdown in the world economy. Poverty could also be directly attacked through the use of anti poverty programmes like NREGA. This volume provides an analytical framework and a theoretical model to analyse the impact of these programmes to examine their influence on labour demand, income, prices and productivity. The volume also emphasises the crucial role of the government in directly running education institutions. As seen from the volume government run engineering institutions are technically more efficient than the private run ones.

Download or read book The Linkage Between Human Capital Development and Economic Growth written by Sheereen Banon Fauzel and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-05 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human capital is a necessary condition for economic growth. While in the past, much effort focused on expanding access, we now understand that human capital is much more than educational attainment .Skills acquisition and the capacity to continue learning throughout the lifecycle are needed to develop individuals and to foster the rise in productivity needed for economic growth. The main objective of this study is to analyse the extent to which education level of a county s labour force affects its economic growth that is output level.A Cobb-Douglas production function with constant returns to scale is used where Human capital is treated as an independent factor of production in the human capital augmented growth model.We further employ an error correction model which combines long-run information with a short-run adjustment mechanism in order to remove biased coefficient estimates.The main results shows that higher levels of human capital directly influence productivity via its impact on domestic innovation. Secondly, higher levels of human capital cause improvements in total factor productivity by facilitating the adoption and implementation of foreign technology.

Download or read book Recent Developments in Individual and Organizational Adoption of ICTs written by Yildiz, Orkun and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-08-28 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, information and communication technologies (ICTs) have gained significant importance and become vital to the operations of both organizations and individuals. However, there are numerous factors that have affected the adoption of ICTs including access and accessibility barriers, political participation, and social empowerment. This has attracted the attention of researchers who are interested in understanding the socioeconomic influences of ICT adoption and how these technologies impact the infrastructure of modern organizational activities. Recent Developments in Individual and Organizational Adoption of ICTs is a collection of innovative research on the methods of organizational and infrastructural advancement through the application of information and communication technologies. While highlighting topics including internet banking, supply chain management, and e-government services, this book is ideally designed for managers, researchers, policymakers, politicians, business practitioners, educators, decision scientists, strategists, and students seeking current research on the socioeconomic impact of ICT adoption.