Download or read book Human Adipose Tissue Hepatic and Skeletal Muscle Lipid Metabolism During Exercise and Postexercise in the Postprandial State written by Lotte Hahn Enevoldsen and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regulation of Lipid Metabolism in Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle written by Zhihao Jia and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-11-29 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Skeletal Muscle Fat Metabolism During Post exercise Recovery in Humans written by Nicholas E. Kimber and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of altered fat and glucose availability on the regulation of fat metabolism after glycogen-lowering exercise were examined. Intramuscular triacylglycerol (IMTG) utilisation is negligible during recovery whilst changes in post-exercise whole-body fat oxidation appear unrelated to differences in skeletal muscle malonyl-CoA. Increases in metabolic gene transcription may also affect post-exercise fat oxidation.
Download or read book Aspects of Carbohydrate and Fat Metabolism During Exercise written by Asker E. Jeukendrup and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Body Fat and Physical Fitness written by S. Parizkova and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Man develops during phylogenesis and ontogenesis as an active creature and his most striking external manifestations include physical activity. From this ensue efforts to investigate the human organism with regard to its functional diagnosis mainly during activity, in relation to the level of that physical activity. The amount and qualitative aspect of physical activity is subject to some laws associated with the developmental stage, type of higher nervous activity, health, nutritional status, external environment inc!. social position, profession, hobbies, etc.; thus it is also one of the important ecological factors. During the period before the onset of technical civilization physical fitness and performance were essential prerequisites for survival and successful existence. At present and from the aspect of the perspective development of our civilization the importance of physical fitness is pushed into the background; nevertheless adequate physical activity level is even today an important prerequisite for normal function of the organism as a whole.
Download or read book Lipid Metabolism in the Liver Adipose and Muscle with Glucocorticoids and how These Organs Can Regulate Each Other written by Wangkuk Son and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: The Western diet is characterized by a high amount of n-6 PUFA and low n-3 PUFA. Due to the structural difference of composing fatty acid, Omega-3 PUFAs have beneficial effects while omega-6 PUFAs elicit adverse effects on lipid metabolism, building the foundation of metabolic syndrome and various diseases. Objective: Determine whether fat composition in an HFD affects GC-induced alterations in lipid handling by the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. Methods: Male wild-type C57BL/6 mice were randomized into two groups: n-6 (45% fat 177.5 g lard) and n-3 (45% fat 177.5 g Menhaden oil). After 4 weeks on their diets, groups were divided to receive either daily injections of dexamethasone (3 mg/kg/day) or sterile PBS for 1 week while continuing diets. Results: Omega-3 HFD diet ameliorates adipocyte hypertrophy and hepatic fatty accumulation by involving associated lipid metabolism markers (CD36 and FABP). Conclusion: The present study's result demonstrated that the change of fat composition in HFD could beneficially alter the fatty acid accumulation, adipocyte size, and associated lipid metabolism markers..
Download or read book Obesity written by Gareth Williams and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-07-08 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive textbook addresses one of the major public health concerns of our era – obesity. Clearly and simply, Obesity: science to practice provides a balanced, coherent account of obesity: how to define and measure it, its epidemiology, the physiological basis, associated diseases, how to assess, manage and treat it, and also strategies for prevention. The book is generously illustrated, including graphs and flow charts for easy reference. The chapters cite key references so that interested readers may pursue a given topic in more detail. Well presented and thoroughly edited by one of the leading experts in the field, this is the textbook of choice for anyone working in obesity.
Download or read book Regulation of Postprandial Lipid Metabolism in Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biochemistry of Exercise IX written by Ron J. Maughan and published by Human Kinetics Publishers. This book was released on 1996 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biochemistry of Exercise IX presents the proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on the Biochemistry of Exercise held in Aberdeen, Scotland, by the Research Group on Biochemistry of Exercise (ICSSPE) July 21-26, 1994. The papers from this prestigious conference feature eminent researchers from 36 countries who conducted symposia and plenary sessions on the latest developments in exercise biochemistry. The book provides a comprehensive review of recent findings on the basic mechanisms shaping exercise biochemistry and their applications to specific areas in the field. It includes 139 figures and more than 1,900 references.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Insulin Action written by Alan R. Saltiel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-05 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 18 million people in the United States have diabetes mellitus, and about 90% of these have the type 2 form of the disease. This book attempts to dissect the complexity of the molecular mechanisms of insulin action with a special emphasis on those features of the system that are subject to alteration in type 2 diabetes and other insulin resistant states. It explores insulin action at the most basic levels, through complex systems.
Download or read book Lipid Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle the Role of Perilipin 5 and Adipose Triglyceride Lipase in Regulating Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle written by Rachael Ruth Mason and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our understanding of the importance of limiting fats in our diet has grown exponentially, especially with today's diet and health-food obsessed world. However, the numbers of people who are not only overweight, but obese, grows daily. With this ever increasing problem, our understanding of lipid metabolism has rapidly progressed in the last 30 years. The identification of key proteins, namely perilipin 1 (PLIN1), hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) has provided great insight into the regulation of lipolysis, the process of lipid breakdown. While the primary focus of much lipid metabolism research was in tissue specifically designed for storing lipids, namely adipose tissue, more recently skeletal muscle has been recognised as having a major role in lipid storage and metabolism to provide energy. However, our understandings of the exact mechanisms that regulate skeletal muscle lipolysis remain largely undetermined. The identification of the protein super-family, the Perilipins (PLIN), with at least five members, has seen a resurgence of research in lipid metabolism. It has been hypothesised that each member may have a unique tissue distribution and unique function. As members of the PLIN family exist in skeletal muscle, their function in skeletal muscle is the primary focus of this thesis. Identification of the PLIN family increased the focus of lipid metabolism research in non-adipose tissue. In skeletal muscle, PLIN5 is the most abundant member of the PLIN family. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the role of PLIN5 and ATGL in regulating lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle. Firstly, we used the PLIN5 null mouse to show the role PLIN5 has on maintaining skeletal muscle insulin action and coordinating skeletal muscle triacylglycerol metabolism. Secondly, we showed that PLIN5 null mice were not resistant to diet-induced obesity and had impaired whole body insulin sensitivity similar to that of the low fat diet PLIN5 null mouse. Together, these studies highlight the importance of PLIN5 in skeletal muscle lipid and glucose metabolism. The third aspect of the thesis was to examine the role PLIN5 has in lipid droplets in circumstances of perturbed lipid metabolism. Furthermore, its interaction with other major lipolytic proteins in these situations was also investigated. The rationale behind this approach was previous observations that have shown that PLIN5 associates with lipid droplets and ATGL and CGI-58 in cell culture systems. We demonstrated that PLIN5 was highly colocalised with ATGL and CGI-58 at rest, though acute exercise did not affect this relationship. Lastly, we identified that serine phosphorylation of ATGL site 404 is not increased in skeletal muscle during moderate intensity exercise and that AMPK does not appear to be the activating kinase of the ATGL Ser404 in skeletal muscle. The work in this thesis extends our understanding of the physiological mechanisms of lipid metabolism and the effect it has on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle.
Download or read book Investigating Diet and Exercise Modifications on Delta 6 Desaturase and Ghrelin Regulation of Skeletal Muscle and White Adipose Tissue Lipid Metabolism written by Barbora Hucik-Worndl and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence supports a role for delta-6 desaturase (D6D) and ghrelin in regulating white adipose tissue (WAT) and skeletal muscle metabolism, particularly in the context of lifestyle modifications such as dietary fat consumption and exercise training. Changes in D6D activity, an enzyme involved in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) metabolism, are associated with ¬¬¬altered whole-body glucose metabolism and increased risk of developing metabolic diseases such as Type 2 diabetes (T2D). In addition to signaling hunger and stimulating growth hormone (GH) release, ghrelin contributes to the control of WAT lipolysis. Studies have shown that circulating ghrelin levels change with high-fat diet (HFD) consumption and exercise. However, it is unknown how D6D and ghrelin regulate adipose and skeletal muscle metabolism in the context of different lifestyle modifications. In the first part of the thesis, reduced D6D activity partially protected Fads2+/- mice from high-fat diet (HFD)-induced impairments in glucose tolerance. We also investigated the impact of different n-3 PUFA using a Fads2-/- mice. Mice were fed either a flaxseed (contains alpha-linolenic acid) or menhaden (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid) oil diet. Flax-fed Fads2-/- mice had increased insulin sensitivity and decreased body weight compared to menhaden-fed Fads2-/- mice. However, neither of these studies showed changes in whole-body energy expenditure, skeletal muscle lipid species content and composition, or other protein markers of glucose or fatty acid uptake, storage or oxidation. To our knowledge, these novel studies are the first to investigate the effect of D6D activity on skeletal muscle glucose and lipid metabolism. These findings suggest that dietary fat consumption (regardless of quantity or composition) does not influence the effects of D6D activity at the level of skeletal muscle. The last part of this thesis investigated the role of ghrelin in modulating B-adrenergic-stimulated WAT lipolysis. Although the acylated isoform (AG) blunted WAT lipolysis in LFD-fed rats, 5 days and 6 weeks of HFD consumption both impaired ghrelin's anti-lipolytic effect, which was not restored with exercise training. This study showed that HFD-feeding impairs ghrelin's ability to regulate WAT lipolysis. Collectively, this thesis demonstrates that D6D and ghrelin regulation of peripheral tissue metabolism is dependent on dietary fat content and composition.
Download or read book Hormones Metabolism and the Benefits of Exercise written by Bruce Spiegelman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-07 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world is faced with an epidemic of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. This is due to changes in dietary habits and the decrease in physical activity. Exercise is usually part of the prescription, the first line of defense, to prevent or treat metabolic disorders. However, we are still learning how and why exercise provides metabolic benefits in human health. This open access volume focuses on the cellular and molecular pathways that link exercise, muscle biology, hormones and metabolism. This will include novel “myokines” that might act as new therapeutic agents in the future.
Download or read book Body Fat and Physical Fitness written by S. Parizkova and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-10-09 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Man develops during phylogenesis and ontogenesis as an active creature and his most striking external manifestations include physical activity. From this ensue efforts to investigate the human organism with regard to its functional diagnosis mainly during activity, in relation to the level of that physical activity. The amount and qualitative aspect of physical activity is subject to some laws associated with the developmental stage, type of higher nervous activity, health, nutritional status, external environment inc!. social position, profession, hobbies, etc.; thus it is also one of the important ecological factors. During the period before the onset of technical civilization physical fitness and performance were essential prerequisites for survival and successful existence. At present and from the aspect of the perspective development of our civilization the importance of physical fitness is pushed into the background; nevertheless adequate physical activity level is even today an important prerequisite for normal function of the organism as a whole.
Download or read book The Effect of Dietary Fatty Acid Composition on Skeletal Muscle and Hepatic Fatty Acid and Glucose Metabolism in Male and Female Mice written by Lisa Kate Philp and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 974 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Australian adults consume ~6% above the recommended intake of saturated fat and less than half the recommended daily amount of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). There is some evidence that the type and proportion of dietary fat consumed may influence the development of the obese phenotype and associated metabolic complications. Epidemiological studies indicate that a saturated fat-rich diet (HF-S) is deleterious, whilst consuming n-3 PUFAs is beneficial to metabolic health. Saturated fats have a greater propensity to enter storage in adipose tissue and ectopic stores, as opposed to being oxidised. This is deleterious as ectopic fat deposition in skeletal muscle and liver are strongly associated with insulin resistance. In contrast, diets rich in n-3 PUFA limit adipose tissue hypertrophy, reduce ectopic fat and prevent high fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance in rats. However, the mechanism by which n-3 PUFA enrichment of a HF-S diet (HF-n-3) prevents ectopic fat deposition in muscle and liver is unclear; though pathways of fatty acid uptake, storage and oxidation may be implicated. Furthermore, in skeletal muscle a functional shift in fibre type may be implicated, as increased muscle n-3 PUFA content is associated with an increased proportion of oxidative fibres. The studies in this thesis therefore aimed to determine: (I) the effect of HFD fatty acid composition on metabolic profile, adipose tissue distribution, and muscle fibre type composition of male and female mice; (II) if HF-n-3 feeding influenced the mRNA content of 27 key genes that regulate the uptake (FAT/CD36, FABPpm, FATP), synthesis and storage (SREBF, INSIG, SCD, ACC, DGAT, HSL) and utilisation (PDK, PPAR, PGC1, AMPK, ACC, CPT1, UCP) of fatty acids and metabolism of glucose (HK, PFK, GYS) in the glycolytic extensor digitorum longus muscle, oxidative soleus muscle and liver of male and female mice. To assess these aims mice were fed either a control diet (16% energy from fat) or one of two HFDs (60% energy from fat), a HF-S or HF-n-3 (7.5% saturated fat replaced with n-3 PUFA) diet. I investigated the hypothesis that HF-n-3 feeding prevents ectopic fat deposition through enhanced uptake and utilisation, and reduced storage, of fatty acids. Despite similarly increased body weight with both HFDs, mesenteric fat mass decreased and brown fat increased with HF-n-3 feeding compared to HF-S feeding. HF-S feeding increased muscle and liver fat content; this was ameliorated by HF-n-3. As hypothesised, HF-n-3 feeding may ameliorate intramyocellular and intrahepatic fat accumulation through an altered pattern of fatty acid metabolism gene expression in those tissues, specifically through the concurrent activation of pathways regulating fatty acid transport and utilisation, whilst limiting pathways that promote fatty acid storage and lipogenesis. Muscle fibre type composition was unchanged with diet, although HF-n-3 feeding increased muscle oxidative capacity. HF-S mice exhibited increased plasma insulin and glucose metabolism was influenced by HF-n-3 feeding in a tissue-specific manner. These studies highlight the importance of gender and in skeletal muscle, muscle fibre type, to the overall characteristics, profile of gene expression and ultimate function of the skeletal muscle and liver.
Download or read book Regulation of Lipid Utilisation in Skeletal Muscle During Exercise in Humans written by Bente Kiens and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sport Nutrition written by Asker E. Jeukendrup and published by Human Kinetics Publishers. This book was released on 2009-12-31 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new edition of "Sport Nutrition: An Introduction to Energy Production and Performance" presents the principles, background, and rationale for current nutrition guidelines specifically for athletes. Using a physiological basis, this text provides an in-depth look at the science behind sport nutrition. Students will come away with a comprehensive understanding of nutrition as it relates to sport and the influence of nutrition on exercise performance, training, and recovery. The chapters and the material within each chapter are sequenced in a logical order that will help instructors deliver a better course and spend less time in preparing lectures and tutorials. Instructors will also enjoy the completely new ancillaries with this edition, including an online instructor guide, test package, PowerPoint presentation package, and image bank. This text contains updated and expanded information to keep students current on the latest findings in sport nutrition: - A new chapter on training adaptations, including effects of nutrition on overtraining - New information on weight management and body composition for athletes - New research on carbohydrate and new recommendations for carbohydrate intake during training - An expanded discussion on the role of protein in strength and endurance exercise training - The latest information on exercise, nutrition, and immune function The new content complements the strong foundational information that the authors provided in the previous edition, including fuel sources for muscle and exercise metabolism, energy requirements for various sports, and a complete grounding in the macronutrients (carbohydrate, fat, and protein) and the micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). With more than 200 illustrations, new highlight boxes, and tables and sidebars throughout the text, students will be able to more easily grasp the scientific concepts presented in this text. Each chapter also includes learning objectives, key terms, and key points to help readers retain the information. The text presents not only nutrition principles but also the exercise biochemistry involved and the energy needs of athletes. Readers will better understand how supplements may be used in an athlete's diet, and they will learn how to separate fact from fallacy regarding the claims of the numerous nutritional supplements available today. More than a simple prescription of recommendations, this second edition of" Sport Nutrition" features a unique presentation that facilitates readers' understanding of the science supporting the nutrition recommendations. As a result, students will be prepared for advanced study and future careers, and professionals will gain the knowledge and confidence to provide sound advice to athletes.
