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Book How to Measure Anything in Cybersecurity Risk

Download or read book How to Measure Anything in Cybersecurity Risk written by Douglas W. Hubbard and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-07-25 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A ground shaking exposé on the failure of popular cyber risk management methods How to Measure Anything in Cybersecurity Risk exposes the shortcomings of current "risk management" practices, and offers a series of improvement techniques that help you fill the holes and ramp up security. In his bestselling book How to Measure Anything, author Douglas W. Hubbard opened the business world's eyes to the critical need for better measurement. This book expands upon that premise and draws from The Failure of Risk Management to sound the alarm in the cybersecurity realm. Some of the field's premier risk management approaches actually create more risk than they mitigate, and questionable methods have been duplicated across industries and embedded in the products accepted as gospel. This book sheds light on these blatant risks, and provides alternate techniques that can help improve your current situation. You'll also learn which approaches are too risky to save, and are actually more damaging than a total lack of any security. Dangerous risk management methods abound; there is no industry more critically in need of solutions than cybersecurity. This book provides solutions where they exist, and advises when to change tracks entirely. Discover the shortcomings of cybersecurity's "best practices" Learn which risk management approaches actually create risk Improve your current practices with practical alterations Learn which methods are beyond saving, and worse than doing nothing Insightful and enlightening, this book will inspire a closer examination of your company's own risk management practices in the context of cybersecurity. The end goal is airtight data protection, so finding cracks in the vault is a positive thing—as long as you get there before the bad guys do. How to Measure Anything in Cybersecurity Risk is your guide to more robust protection through better quantitative processes, approaches, and techniques.

Book How to Measure Anything

Download or read book How to Measure Anything written by Douglas W. Hubbard and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2010-03-25 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now updated with new research and even more intuitive explanations, a demystifying explanation of how managers can inform themselves to make less risky, more profitable business decisions This insightful and eloquent book will show you how to measure those things in your own business that, until now, you may have considered "immeasurable," including customer satisfaction, organizational flexibility, technology risk, and technology ROI. Adds even more intuitive explanations of powerful measurement methods and shows how they can be applied to areas such as risk management and customer satisfaction Continues to boldly assert that any perception of "immeasurability" is based on certain popular misconceptions about measurement and measurement methods Shows the common reasoning for calling something immeasurable, and sets out to correct those ideas Offers practical methods for measuring a variety of "intangibles" Adds recent research, especially in regards to methods that seem like measurement, but are in fact a kind of "placebo effect" for management – and explains how to tell effective methods from management mythology Written by recognized expert Douglas Hubbard-creator of Applied Information Economics-How to Measure Anything, Second Edition illustrates how the author has used his approach across various industries and how any problem, no matter how difficult, ill defined, or uncertain can lend itself to measurement using proven methods.

Book How to Measure Anything Workbook

Download or read book How to Measure Anything Workbook written by Douglas W. Hubbard and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-03-17 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The invaluable companion to the new edition of the bestselling How to Measure Anything This companion workbook to the new edition of the insightful and eloquent How to Measure Anything walks readers through sample problems and exercises in which they can master and apply the methods discussed in the book. The book explains practical methods for measuring a variety of intangibles, including approaches to measuring customer satisfaction, organizational flexibility, technology risk, technology ROI, and other problems in business, government, and not-for-profits. Companion to the revision of the bestselling How to Measure Anything Provides chapter-by-chapter exercises Written by industry leader Douglas Hubbard Written by recognized expert Douglas Hubbard—creator of Applied Information Economics—How to Measure Anything Workbook illustrates how the author has used his approach across various industries and how any problem, no matter how difficult, ill defined, or uncertain can lend itself to measurement using proven methods.

Book Measuring and Managing Information Risk

Download or read book Measuring and Managing Information Risk written by Jack Freund and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2014-08-23 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using the factor analysis of information risk (FAIR) methodology developed over ten years and adopted by corporations worldwide, Measuring and Managing Information Risk provides a proven and credible framework for understanding, measuring, and analyzing information risk of any size or complexity. Intended for organizations that need to either build a risk management program from the ground up or strengthen an existing one, this book provides a unique and fresh perspective on how to do a basic quantitative risk analysis. Covering such key areas as risk theory, risk calculation, scenario modeling, and communicating risk within the organization, Measuring and Managing Information Risk helps managers make better business decisions by understanding their organizational risk. Uses factor analysis of information risk (FAIR) as a methodology for measuring and managing risk in any organization. Carefully balances theory with practical applicability and relevant stories of successful implementation. Includes examples from a wide variety of businesses and situations presented in an accessible writing style.

Book The Failure of Risk Management

Download or read book The Failure of Risk Management written by Douglas W. Hubbard and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-04-27 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential guide to the calibrated risk analysis approach The Failure of Risk Management takes a close look at misused and misapplied basic analysis methods and shows how some of the most popular "risk management" methods are no better than astrology! Using examples from the 2008 credit crisis, natural disasters, outsourcing to China, engineering disasters, and more, Hubbard reveals critical flaws in risk management methods–and shows how all of these problems can be fixed. The solutions involve combinations of scientifically proven and frequently used methods from nuclear power, exploratory oil, and other areas of business and government. Finally, Hubbard explains how new forms of collaboration across all industries and government can improve risk management in every field. Douglas W. Hubbard (Glen Ellyn, IL) is the inventor of Applied Information Economics (AIE) and the author of Wiley's How to Measure Anything: Finding the Value of Intangibles in Business (978-0-470-11012-6), the #1 bestseller in business math on Amazon. He has applied innovative risk assessment and risk management methods in government and corporations since 1994. "Doug Hubbard, a recognized expert among experts in the field of risk management, covers the entire spectrum of risk management in this invaluable guide. There are specific value-added take aways in each chapter that are sure to enrich all readers including IT, business management, students, and academics alike" —Peter Julian, former chief-information officer of the New York Metro Transit Authority. President of Alliance Group consulting "In his trademark style, Doug asks the tough questions on risk management. A must-read not only for analysts, but also for the executive who is making critical business decisions." —Jim Franklin, VP Enterprise Performance Management and General Manager, Crystal Ball Global Business Unit, Oracle Corporation.

Book Risk Centric Threat Modeling

Download or read book Risk Centric Threat Modeling written by Tony UcedaVelez and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-05-26 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the Process for Attack Simulation & Threat Analysis (PASTA) threat modeling methodology. It provides an introduction to various types of application threat modeling and introduces a risk-centric methodology aimed at applying security countermeasures that are commensurate to the possible impact that could be sustained from defined threat models, vulnerabilities, weaknesses, and attack patterns. This book describes how to apply application threat modeling as an advanced preventive form of security. The authors discuss the methodologies, tools, and case studies of successful application threat modeling techniques. Chapter 1 provides an overview of threat modeling, while Chapter 2 describes the objectives and benefits of threat modeling. Chapter 3 focuses on existing threat modeling approaches, and Chapter 4 discusses integrating threat modeling within the different types of Software Development Lifecycles (SDLCs). Threat modeling and risk management is the focus of Chapter 5. Chapter 6 and Chapter 7 examine Process for Attack Simulation and Threat Analysis (PASTA). Finally, Chapter 8 shows how to use the PASTA risk-centric threat modeling process to analyze the risks of specific threat agents targeting web applications. This chapter focuses specifically on the web application assets that include customer’s confidential data and business critical functionality that the web application provides. • Provides a detailed walkthrough of the PASTA methodology alongside software development activities, normally conducted via a standard SDLC process • Offers precise steps to take when combating threats to businesses • Examines real-life data breach incidents and lessons for risk management Risk Centric Threat Modeling: Process for Attack Simulation and Threat Analysis is a resource for software developers, architects, technical risk managers, and seasoned security professionals.

Book Confronting Cyber Risk

Download or read book Confronting Cyber Risk written by Gregory J. Falco and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Confronting Cyber Risk: An Embedded Endurance Strategy for Cybersecurity is a practical leadership handbook defining a new strategy for improving cybersecurity and mitigating cyber risk. Written by two leading experts with extensive professional experience in cybersecurity, the book provides CEOs and cyber newcomers alike with novel, concrete guidance on how to implement a cutting-edge strategy to mitigate an organization's overall risk to malicious cyberattacks. Using short, real-world case studies, the book highlights the need to address attack prevention and the resilience of each digital asset while also accounting for an incident's potential impact on overall operations. In a world of hackers, artificial intelligence, and persistent ransomware attacks, the Embedded Endurance strategy embraces the reality of interdependent digital assets and provides an approach that addresses cyber risk at both the micro- (people, networks, systems and data) and macro-(organizational) levels. Most books about cybersecurity focus entirely on technology; the Embedded Endurance strategy recognizes the need for sophisticated thinking with preventative and resilience measures engaged systematically a cross your organization"--

Book Cybersecurity and Third Party Risk

Download or read book Cybersecurity and Third Party Risk written by Gregory C. Rasner and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-06-11 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Move beyond the checklist and fully protect yourself from third-party cybersecurity risk Over the last decade, there have been hundreds of big-name organizations in every sector that have experienced a public breach due to a vendor. While the media tends to focus on high-profile breaches like those that hit Target in 2013 and Equifax in 2017, 2020 has ushered in a huge wave of cybersecurity attacks, a near 800% increase in cyberattack activity as millions of workers shifted to working remotely in the wake of a global pandemic. The 2020 SolarWinds supply-chain attack illustrates that lasting impact of this dramatic increase in cyberattacks. Using a technique known as Advanced Persistent Threat (APT), a sophisticated hacker leveraged APT to steal information from multiple organizations from Microsoft to the Department of Homeland Security not by attacking targets directly, but by attacking a trusted partner or vendor. In addition to exposing third-party risk vulnerabilities for other hackers to exploit, the damage from this one attack alone will continue for years, and there are no signs that cyber breaches are slowing. Cybersecurity and Third-Party Risk delivers proven, active, and predictive risk reduction strategies and tactics designed to keep you and your organization safe. Cybersecurity and IT expert and author Gregory Rasner shows you how to transform third-party risk from an exercise in checklist completion to a proactive and effective process of risk mitigation. Understand the basics of third-party risk management Conduct due diligence on third parties connected to your network Keep your data and sensitive information current and reliable Incorporate third-party data requirements for offshoring, fourth-party hosting, and data security arrangements into your vendor contracts Learn valuable lessons from devasting breaches suffered by other companies like Home Depot, GM, and Equifax The time to talk cybersecurity with your data partners is now. Cybersecurity and Third-Party Risk is a must-read resource for business leaders and security professionals looking for a practical roadmap to avoiding the massive reputational and financial losses that come with third-party security breaches.

Book Pulse

    Book Details:
  • Author : Douglas W. Hubbard
  • Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
  • Release : 2011-04-06
  • ISBN : 1118063783
  • Pages : 210 pages

Download or read book Pulse written by Douglas W. Hubbard and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-04-06 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ultimate guide to mining the Internet for real-time assessment of trends and data Showing how the Internet can be an incredible tool for businesses and others to measure trends in real time, Pulse describes tools for inexpensive and real time measurement methodologies businesses can start using right away. This timely book also puts this emerging science in perspective and explains how this new measurement instrument will profoundly change decision making in business and government. Shows how the Internet can be used as an incredibly powerful measurement tool Reveals how to mine the Internet to measure and forecast business progress Written by leading expert in business analytics and performance management Pulse reveals how the Internet is evolving into a tool for measuring and forecasting trends in society, the economy, public opinion and even public health and security. It is an absolutely essential book for every business leader to turn a powerful, underutilized tool to its complete potential.

Book The Cyber Risk Handbook

Download or read book The Cyber Risk Handbook written by Domenic Antonucci and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-05-01 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Actionable guidance and expert perspective for real-world cybersecurity The Cyber Risk Handbook is the practitioner's guide to implementing, measuring and improving the counter-cyber capabilities of the modern enterprise. The first resource of its kind, this book provides authoritative guidance for real-world situations, and cross-functional solutions for enterprise-wide improvement. Beginning with an overview of counter-cyber evolution, the discussion quickly turns practical with design and implementation guidance for the range of capabilities expected of a robust cyber risk management system that is integrated with the enterprise risk management (ERM) system. Expert contributors from around the globe weigh in on specialized topics with tools and techniques to help any type or size of organization create a robust system tailored to its needs. Chapter summaries of required capabilities are aggregated to provide a new cyber risk maturity model used to benchmark capabilities and to road-map gap-improvement. Cyber risk is a fast-growing enterprise risk, not just an IT risk. Yet seldom is guidance provided as to what this means. This book is the first to tackle in detail those enterprise-wide capabilities expected by Board, CEO and Internal Audit, of the diverse executive management functions that need to team up with the Information Security function in order to provide integrated solutions. Learn how cyber risk management can be integrated to better protect your enterprise Design and benchmark new and improved practical counter-cyber capabilities Examine planning and implementation approaches, models, methods, and more Adopt a new cyber risk maturity model tailored to your enterprise needs The need to manage cyber risk across the enterprise—inclusive of the IT operations—is a growing concern as massive data breaches make the news on an alarmingly frequent basis. With a cyber risk management system now a business-necessary requirement, practitioners need to assess the effectiveness of their current system, and measure its gap-improvement over time in response to a dynamic and fast-moving threat landscape. The Cyber Risk Handbook brings the world's best thinking to bear on aligning that system to the enterprise and vice-a-versa. Every functional head of any organization must have a copy at-hand to understand their role in achieving that alignment.

Book The CISO Evolution

    Book Details:
  • Author : Matthew K. Sharp
  • Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
  • Release : 2022-01-26
  • ISBN : 1119782481
  • Pages : 423 pages

Download or read book The CISO Evolution written by Matthew K. Sharp and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-01-26 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn to effectively deliver business aligned cybersecurity outcomes In The CISO Evolution: Business Knowledge for Cybersecurity Executives, information security experts Matthew K. Sharp and Kyriakos “Rock” Lambros deliver an insightful and practical resource to help cybersecurity professionals develop the skills they need to effectively communicate with senior management and boards. They assert business aligned cybersecurity is crucial and demonstrate how business acumen is being put into action to deliver meaningful business outcomes. The authors use illustrative stories to show professionals how to establish an executive presence and avoid the most common pitfalls experienced by technology experts when speaking and presenting to executives. The book will show you how to: Inspire trust in senior business leaders by properly aligning and setting expectations around risk appetite and capital allocation Properly characterize the indispensable role of cybersecurity in your company’s overall strategic plan Acquire the necessary funding and resources for your company’s cybersecurity program and avoid the stress and anxiety that comes with underfunding Perfect for security and risk professionals, IT auditors, and risk managers looking for effective strategies to communicate cybersecurity concepts and ideas to business professionals without a background in technology. The CISO Evolution is also a must-read resource for business executives, managers, and leaders hoping to improve the quality of dialogue with their cybersecurity leaders.

Book The Metrics Manifesto

    Book Details:
  • Author : Richard Seiersen
  • Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
  • Release : 2022-05-10
  • ISBN : 111951536X
  • Pages : 326 pages

Download or read book The Metrics Manifesto written by Richard Seiersen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-05-10 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Security professionals are trained skeptics. They poke and prod at other people’s digital creations, expecting them to fail in unexpected ways. Shouldn’t that same skeptical power be turned inward? Shouldn’t practitioners ask: “How do I know that my enterprise security capabilities work? Are they scaling, accelerating, or slowing as the business exposes more value to more people and through more channels at higher velocities?” This is the start of the modern measurement mindset—the mindset that seeks to confront security with data. The Metrics Manifesto: Confronting Security with Data delivers an examination of security metrics with R, the popular open-source programming language and software development environment for statistical computing. This insightful and up-to-date guide offers readers a practical focus on applied measurement that can prove or disprove the efficacy of information security measures taken by a firm. The book’s detailed chapters combine topics like security, predictive analytics, and R programming to present an authoritative and innovative approach to security metrics. The author and security professional examines historical and modern methods of measurement with a particular emphasis on Bayesian Data Analysis to shed light on measuring security operations. Readers will learn how processing data with R can help measure security improvements and changes as well as help technology security teams identify and fix gaps in security. The book also includes downloadable code for people who are new to the R programming language. Perfect for security engineers, risk engineers, IT security managers, CISOs, and data scientists comfortable with a bit of code, The Metrics Manifesto offers readers an invaluable collection of information to help professionals prove the efficacy of security measures within their company.

Book Security Metrics

    Book Details:
  • Author : Andrew Jaquith
  • Publisher : Pearson Education
  • Release : 2007-03-26
  • ISBN : 0132715775
  • Pages : 356 pages

Download or read book Security Metrics written by Andrew Jaquith and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2007-03-26 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Definitive Guide to Quantifying, Classifying, and Measuring Enterprise IT Security Operations Security Metrics is the first comprehensive best-practice guide to defining, creating, and utilizing security metrics in the enterprise. Using sample charts, graphics, case studies, and war stories, Yankee Group Security Expert Andrew Jaquith demonstrates exactly how to establish effective metrics based on your organization’s unique requirements. You’ll discover how to quantify hard-to-measure security activities, compile and analyze all relevant data, identify strengths and weaknesses, set cost-effective priorities for improvement, and craft compelling messages for senior management. Security Metrics successfully bridges management’s quantitative viewpoint with the nuts-and-bolts approach typically taken by security professionals. It brings together expert solutions drawn from Jaquith’s extensive consulting work in the software, aerospace, and financial services industries, including new metrics presented nowhere else. You’ll learn how to: • Replace nonstop crisis response with a systematic approach to security improvement • Understand the differences between “good” and “bad” metrics • Measure coverage and control, vulnerability management, password quality, patch latency, benchmark scoring, and business-adjusted risk • Quantify the effectiveness of security acquisition, implementation, and other program activities • Organize, aggregate, and analyze your data to bring out key insights • Use visualization to understand and communicate security issues more clearly • Capture valuable data from firewalls and antivirus logs, third-party auditor reports, and other resources • Implement balanced scorecards that present compact, holistic views of organizational security effectiveness

Book The Security Risk Assessment Handbook

Download or read book The Security Risk Assessment Handbook written by Douglas Landoll and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Security Risk Assessment Handbook: A Complete Guide for Performing Security Risk Assessments provides detailed insight into precisely how to conduct an information security risk assessment. Designed for security professionals and their customers who want a more in-depth understanding of the risk assessment process, this volume contains real-wor

Book Cybersecurity Risk Management

Download or read book Cybersecurity Risk Management written by Cynthia Brumfield and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-12-09 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cybersecurity Risk Management In Cybersecurity Risk Management: Mastering the Fundamentals Using the NIST Cybersecurity Framework, veteran technology analyst Cynthia Brumfield, with contributions from cybersecurity expert Brian Haugli, delivers a straightforward and up-to-date exploration of the fundamentals of cybersecurity risk planning and management. The book offers readers easy-to-understand overviews of cybersecurity risk management principles, user, and network infrastructure planning, as well as the tools and techniques for detecting cyberattacks. The book also provides a roadmap to the development of a continuity of operations plan in the event of a cyberattack. With incisive insights into the Framework for Improving Cybersecurity of Critical Infrastructure produced by the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Cybersecurity Risk Management presents the gold standard in practical guidance for the implementation of risk management best practices. Filled with clear and easy-to-follow advice, this book also offers readers: A concise introduction to the principles of cybersecurity risk management and the steps necessary to manage digital risk to systems, assets, data, and capabilities A valuable exploration of modern tools that can improve an organization’s network infrastructure protection A practical discussion of the challenges involved in detecting and responding to a cyberattack and the importance of continuous security monitoring A helpful examination of the recovery from cybersecurity incidents Perfect for undergraduate and graduate students studying cybersecurity, Cybersecurity Risk Management is also an ideal resource for IT professionals working in private sector and government organizations worldwide who are considering implementing, or who may be required to implement, the NIST Framework at their organization.

Book A Leader s Guide to Cybersecurity

Download or read book A Leader s Guide to Cybersecurity written by Thomas J. Parenty and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2019-12-03 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cybersecurity threats are on the rise. As a leader, you need to be prepared to keep your organization safe. Companies are investing an unprecedented amount of money to keep their data and assets safe, yet cyberattacks are on the rise--and the problem is worsening. No amount of technology, resources, or policies will reverse this trend. Only sound governance, originating with the board, can turn the tide. Protection against cyberattacks can't be treated as a problem solely belonging to an IT or cybersecurity department. It needs to cast a wide and impenetrable net that covers everything an organization does--from its business operations, models, and strategies to its products and intellectual property. And boards are in the best position to oversee the needed changes to strategy and hold their companies accountable. Not surprisingly, many boards aren't prepared to assume this responsibility. In A Leader's Guide to Cybersecurity, Thomas Parenty and Jack Domet, who have spent over three decades in the field, present a timely, clear-eyed, and actionable framework that will empower senior executives and board members to become stewards of their companies' cybersecurity activities. This includes: Understanding cyber risks and how best to control them Planning and preparing for a crisis--and leading in its aftermath Making cybersecurity a companywide initiative and responsibility Drawing attention to the nontechnical dynamics that influence the effectiveness of cybersecurity measures Aligning the board, executive leadership, and cybersecurity teams on priorities Filled with tools, best practices, and strategies, A Leader's Guide to Cybersecurity will help boards navigate this seemingly daunting but extremely necessary transition.

Book At the Nexus of Cybersecurity and Public Policy

Download or read book At the Nexus of Cybersecurity and Public Policy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-06-16 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We depend on information and information technology (IT) to make many of our day-to-day tasks easier and more convenient. Computers play key roles in transportation, health care, banking, and energy. Businesses use IT for payroll and accounting, inventory and sales, and research and development. Modern military forces use weapons that are increasingly coordinated through computer-based networks. Cybersecurity is vital to protecting all of these functions. Cyberspace is vulnerable to a broad spectrum of hackers, criminals, terrorists, and state actors. Working in cyberspace, these malevolent actors can steal money, intellectual property, or classified information; impersonate law-abiding parties for their own purposes; damage important data; or deny the availability of normally accessible services. Cybersecurity issues arise because of three factors taken together - the presence of malevolent actors in cyberspace, societal reliance on IT for many important functions, and the presence of vulnerabilities in IT systems. What steps can policy makers take to protect our government, businesses, and the public from those would take advantage of system vulnerabilities? At the Nexus of Cybersecurity and Public Policy offers a wealth of information on practical measures, technical and nontechnical challenges, and potential policy responses. According to this report, cybersecurity is a never-ending battle; threats will evolve as adversaries adopt new tools and techniques to compromise security. Cybersecurity is therefore an ongoing process that needs to evolve as new threats are identified. At the Nexus of Cybersecurity and Public Policy is a call for action to make cybersecurity a public safety priority. For a number of years, the cybersecurity issue has received increasing public attention; however, most policy focus has been on the short-term costs of improving systems. In its explanation of the fundamentals of cybersecurity and the discussion of potential policy responses, this book will be a resource for policy makers, cybersecurity and IT professionals, and anyone who wants to understand threats to cyberspace.