Download or read book How Locus of Control Need for Affiliation the Big Five Factors and Perceived Risk Relate to Texting While Driving written by Erin M. McLaughlin and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Safety Council (2010) estimates that at least 100,000 car crashes every year involve drivers who are texting. However, 52 percent of US drivers ages 18-29 have reported texting or e-mailing while driving at least once in the last 30 days (Novelli, 2010). In order to effectively deter drivers from text messaging, it is imperative to understand why drivers engage in this behavior. This study surveyed college students regarding texting while driving behaviors (initiating texts, replying to texts, reading texts, or not texting while driving) and texting frequencies. The study measured participant's locus of control, need for affiliation, and Big Five Factor affinities, as well as their perceived risk of texting while driving. Locus of control orientation, extraversion, agreeableness, emotional stability, openness to experience, and perceived risk were found to be related to texting while driving.
Download or read book The Personality Correlates of Driving While Intexticated written by Chelsea B. Rekowski and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present study attempted to identify the antecedents of texting while driving. Specifically, this study looks at the relationship between personality traits (i.e., the Big-Five), trait risk taking, and the cognitive rationalizations of such behavior. Overall, of the 1028 participants, 59.8% indicated a willingness to text while driving at least some of the time. Moreover, results indicated that the more extraverted, neurotic, and high in health risk taking an individual is, the more likely he/she is to text while driving. Furthermore, a set of cognitive rationalizations used to justify the behavior were found to have the strongest relationship.
Download or read book Scared Textless written by Madeline Lee Boenker and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Texting is ubiquitous; the International Association for the Wireless Telecommunications Industry reported that 4.1 billion text messages were sent per day in the first half of 2009. In isolation, texting does not injure individuals; however, when combined with driving, lives have changed for the worse. The National Safety Council estimates that 1.6 million crashes per year can be attributed to distracted drivers either talking on cell phones or texting while driving and nearly 28 percent of all crashes in the United States can be ascribed to these behaviors. An increasing number of texting while driving fear appeal campaigns are being utilized in the media. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to create and test theoretically-based messages aimed at discouraging texting while driving. Formative research along with the Extended Parallel Process Model was used for guidance in the creation of the fear appeal messages. No low threat message was used for the main study after repeated message validations failed. For the study, three high threat messages varied only by a single paragraph which targeted beliefs about benefits, mastery, and ubiquity of texting while driving. 155 undergraduates at Texas A & M University completed a pretest, read the high threat message, and answered a posttest. Need for cognition and sensation seeking tendencies were measured in order to understand the effects such personality traits have on message perceptions. Five major outcomes were revealed even though numerous hypotheses were unsupported. There was a significant interaction between perceived threat and sensation seeking tendencies on message realism. There was a significant interaction between perceived threat and need for cognition on message realism. There was a significant interaction between perceived threat and need for cognition on message accuracy. There was a significant interaction between perceived threat and need for cognition on attitudes. There was a significant positive correlation between perceived threat and perceived message sensation value. This project provides support that sensation seeking tendencies and need for cognition do interacted with perceived threat on perceptions of message effectiveness and that perceived message sensation value was positively related to perceived threat. Results also revealed the prevalence of texting while driving behavior and relationships between personality traits and texting while driving. Sensation seeking tendencies were positively correlated with initiating text messages while driving. Need for cognition was negatively correlated with reading and replying to text messages while driving.
Download or read book Influential Factors in Selfie Taking While Driving Behavior written by Joshua Avalos and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a generation accustomed to constantly using their phones starts driving, it is no surprise that accidents involving distracted driving are increasing as well. One phenomenon that is becoming more popular in distracted driving is selfie taking while driving. Although previous studies have been conducted to analyze factors that could influence young adults' selfie taking behavior in daily life, few studies have investigated selfie taking behavior while driving. This study aimed to explore and quantify factors that influence selfie taking while driving and explore how risk perception influenced these types of behaviors. The results showed that the drivers' driving experience, their selfie taking behavior in daily life such as selfie taking frequency and selfie posting on social media frequency, their personality traits such as openness to experience score on Big Five Inventory and self sufficiency on Narcissistic Personality Inventory are influential factors that can predict if they ever have taken selfies while driving. The results also showed that one's selfie frequency in daily life, selfie reasoning of making oneself look good, and self sufficiency, along with various risk perception variables are factors that influence selfie taking while driving frequency. Overall, this research helped identify exactly what factors influence this dangerous and distracting activity. Future work can now be done to explore how best to educate the public about the dangers of taking selfies while driving with the goal of decreasing the number and frequency of selfies taken while driving.
Download or read book Personality written by Lawrence A. Pervin and published by . This book was released on 2019-02 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Behavior Analysis and Modeling of Traffic Participants written by Xiaolin Song and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A road traffic participant is a person who directly participates in road traffic, such as vehicle drivers, passengers, pedestrians, or cyclists, however, traffic accidents cause numerous property losses, bodily injuries, and even deaths to them. To bring down the rate of traffic fatalities, the development of the intelligent vehicle is a much-valued technology nowadays. It is of great significance to the decision making and planning of a vehicle if the pedestrians' intentions and future trajectories, as well as those of surrounding vehicles, could be predicted, all in an effort to increase driving safety. Based on the image sequence collected by onboard monocular cameras, we use the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based network with an enhanced attention mechanism to realize the intention and trajectory prediction of pedestrians and surrounding vehicles. However, although the fully automatic driving era still seems far away, human drivers are still a crucial part of the road‒driver‒vehicle system under current circumstances, even dealing with low levels of automatic driving vehicles. Considering that more than 90 percent of fatal traffic accidents were caused by human errors, thus it is meaningful to recognize the secondary task while driving, as well as the driving style recognition, to develop a more personalized advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) or intelligent vehicle. We use the graph convolutional networks for spatial feature reasoning and the LSTM networks with the attention mechanism for temporal motion feature learning within the image sequence to realize the driving secondary-task recognition. Moreover, aggressive drivers are more likely to be involved in traffic accidents, and the driving risk level of drivers could be affected by many potential factors, such as demographics and personality traits. Thus, we will focus on the driving style classification for the longitudinal car-following scenario. Also, based on the Structural Equation Model (SEM) and Strategic Highway Research Program 2 (SHRP 2) naturalistic driving database, the relationships among drivers' demographic characteristics, sensation seeking, risk perception, and risky driving behaviors are fully discussed. Results and conclusions from this short book are expected to offer potential guidance and benefits for promoting the development of intelligent vehicle technology and driving safety.
Download or read book Handbook of Personality Psychology written by Robert Hogan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1997-06-12 with total page 1012 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most comprehensive single volume ever published on the subject, the Handbook of Personality Psychology is the end-all, must-have reference work for personality psychologists. This handbook discusses the development and measurement of personality as well as biological and social determinants, dynamic personality processes, the personality's relation to the self, and personality in relation to applied psychology. Authored by the field's most respected researchers, each chapter provides a concise summary of the subject to date. Topics include such areas as individual differences, stability of personality, evolutionary foundations of personality, cross-cultural perspectives, emotion, psychological defenses, and the connection between personality and health. Intended for an advanced audience, the Handbook of Personality Psychology will be your foremost resource in this diverse field. Chapter topics include:* Nature of personality psychology* Conceptual and measurement issues in personality* Developmental issues* Biological determinants of personality* Social determinants of personality* Dynamic personality processes* Personality and the self* The Five Factor Model* Applied psychology
Download or read book Intrinsic Motivation written by Edward L. Deci and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As I begin to write this Preface, I feel a rush of excitement. I have now finished the book; my gestalt is coming into completion. Throughout the months that I have been writing this, I have, indeed, been intrinsically motivated. Now that it is finished I feel quite competent and self-determining (see Chapter 2). Whether or not those who read the book will perceive me that way is also a concern of mine (an extrinsic one), but it is a wholly separate issue from the intrinsic rewards I have been experiencing. This book presents a theoretical perspective. It reviews an enormous amount of research which establishes unequivocally that intrinsic motivation exists. Also considered herein are various approaches to the conceptualizing of intrinsic motivation. The book concentrates on the approach which has developed out of the work of Robert White (1959), namely, that intrinsically motivated behaviors are ones which a person engages in so that he may feel competent and self-determining in relation to his environment. The book then considers the development of intrinsic motiva tion, how behaviors are motivated intrinsically, how they relate to and how intrinsic motivation is extrinsically motivated behaviors, affected by extrinsic rewards and controls. It also considers how changes in intrinsic motivation relate to changes in attitudes, how people attribute motivation to each other, how the attribution process is motivated, and how the process of perceiving motivation (and other internal states) in oneself relates to perceiving them in others.
Download or read book Why People Do the Things They Do written by Nicola Baumann and published by Hogrefe Publishing GmbH. This book was released on 2018-05-07 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique and comprehensive book by leading researchers looking at motivation and volition. How can we motivate students, patients, employees, and athletes? What helps us achieve our goals, improve our well-being, and grow as human beings? These issues, which relate to motivation and volition, are familiar to everyone who faces the challenges of everyday life. This comprehensive book by leading international scholars provides integrative perspectives on motivation and volition that build on the work of German psychologist Julius Kuhl. The first part of the book examines the historical trail of the European and American research traditions of motivation and volition and their integration in Kuhl's theory of personality systems interactions (PSI). The second part of the book considers what moves people to action – how needs, goals, and motives lead people to choose a course of action (motivation). The third part of the book explores how people, once they have committed themselves to a course of action, convert their goals and intentions into action (volition). The fourth part shows what an important role personality plays in our motivation and actions. Finally, the fifth part of the book discusses how integrative theories of motivation and volition may be applied in coaching, training, psychotherapy, and education. This book is essential reading for everyone who is interested in the science of motivating people.
Download or read book Personality Traits of Entrepreneurs written by Sari Pekkala Kerr and published by Foundations and Trends (R) in Entrepreneurship. This book was released on 2018-07-04 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collects and organize the latest findings on the prevalence of various personality traits among the entrepreneurial population and their impact on venture performance covering academic work ranging from economics to psychology to management studies.
Download or read book The Structuring of Organizations written by Henry Mintzberg and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthesizes the empirical literature on organizationalstructuring to answer the question of how organizations structure themselves --how they resolve needed coordination and division of labor. Organizationalstructuring is defined as the sum total of the ways in which an organizationdivides and coordinates its labor into distinct tasks. Further analysis of theresearch literature is neededin order to builda conceptualframework that will fill in the significant gap left by not connecting adescription of structure to its context: how an organization actuallyfunctions. The results of the synthesis are five basic configurations (the SimpleStructure, the Machine Bureaucracy, the Professional Bureaucracy, theDivisionalized Form, and the Adhocracy) that serve as the fundamental elementsof structure in an organization. Five basic parts of the contemporaryorganization (the operating core, the strategic apex, the middle line, thetechnostructure, and the support staff), and five theories of how it functions(i.e., as a system characterized by formal authority, regulated flows, informalcommunication, work constellations, and ad hoc decision processes) aretheorized. Organizations function in complex and varying ways, due to differing flows -including flows of authority, work material, information, and decisionprocesses. These flows depend on the age, size, and environment of theorganization; additionally, technology plays a key role because of itsimportance in structuring the operating core. Finally, design parameters aredescribed - based on the above five basic parts and five theories - that areused as a means of coordination and division of labor in designingorganizational structures, in order to establish stable patterns of behavior.(CJC).
Download or read book Global Trends 2040 written by National Intelligence Council and published by Cosimo Reports. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Social Psychology written by Roy F. Baumeister and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2007-08-29 with total page 1249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The set offers clear descriptions of commonly used and sometimes misunderstood terms, e.g., cultural differences, authoritarian personality, and neuroticism. The field has expanded since publication of The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social Psychology, ed. by A. Manstead and M. Hewstone et al. (CH, Jan ′96, 33-2457), and this work is a valuable response to that. Summing Up: Recommended. All levels." —CHOICE Not long ago, social psychology was a small field consisting of creative, energetic researchers bent on trying to study a few vexing problems in normal adult human behavior with rigorous scientific methods. In a few short decades, the field has blossomed into a major intellectual force, with thousands of researchers worldwide exploring a stunningly diverse set of fascinating phenomena with an impressive arsenal of research methods and ever more carefully honed theories. The Encyclopedia of Social Psychology is designed as a road map to this rapidly growing and important field and provides individuals with a simple, clear, jargon-free introduction. These two volumes include more than 600 entries chosen by a diverse team of experts to comprise an exhaustive list of the most important concepts. Entries provide brief, clear, and readable explanations to the vast number of ideas and concepts that make up the intellectual and scientific content in the area of social psychology. Key Features Provides background to each concept, explains what researchers are now doing with it, and discusses where it stands in relation to other concepts in the field Translates jargon into plain, clear, everyday language rather than speaking in the secret language of the discipline Offers contributions from prominent, well-respected researchers extending over the many subfields of social psychology that collectively have a truly amazing span of expertise Key Themes Action Control Antisocial Behaviors Attitude Culture Emotions Evolution Groups Health History Influence Interpersonal Relationships Judgment and Decision Making Methods Personality Prejudice Problem Behaviors Prosocial Behaviors Self Social Cognition Subdisciplines The Encyclopedia of Social Psychology is the first resource to present students, researchers, scholars, and practitioners with state-of-the-art research and ready-to-use facts from this fascinating field. It is a must have resource for all academic libraries.
Download or read book Psychological Types written by Carl Gustav Jung and published by . This book was released on 1923 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Introduction to Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics written by Keith Coaley and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2014-03-14 with total page 839 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In An Introduction to Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics, Keith Coaley outlines the key ingredients of psychological assessment, providing case studies to illustrate their application, making it an ideal textbook for courses on psychometrics or psychological assessment. New to the Second Edition: Includes occupational and educational settings Covers ethical and professional issues with a strong practical focus Case study material related to work selection settings End of chapter self-assessments to facilitate students’ progress Compliant with the latest BPS Certificate of Testing curriculum
Download or read book The Promise of Adolescence written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-07-26 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescenceâ€"beginning with the onset of puberty and ending in the mid-20sâ€"is a critical period of development during which key areas of the brain mature and develop. These changes in brain structure, function, and connectivity mark adolescence as a period of opportunity to discover new vistas, to form relationships with peers and adults, and to explore one's developing identity. It is also a period of resilience that can ameliorate childhood setbacks and set the stage for a thriving trajectory over the life course. Because adolescents comprise nearly one-fourth of the entire U.S. population, the nation needs policies and practices that will better leverage these developmental opportunities to harness the promise of adolescenceâ€"rather than focusing myopically on containing its risks. This report examines the neurobiological and socio-behavioral science of adolescent development and outlines how this knowledge can be applied, both to promote adolescent well-being, resilience, and development, and to rectify structural barriers and inequalities in opportunity, enabling all adolescents to flourish.
Download or read book The General Factor of Personality written by Janek Musek and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-05-04 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The General Factor of Personality improves our understanding of the personality structure and the relations between major personality dimensions, as well as major dimensions of the entire non-cognitive sphere of psychological variables. The results of the empirical testing and theoretical evaluations in this book contribute to the more comprehensive and precise theoretical framework of the General Factor of Personality (GFP) and that of the entire personality structure. Additionally, the book answers some unresolved questions concerning the nature of the GFP, including whether it is based more on correlations in real behavior or on other less substantial factors between lower-order dimensions of personality. This book is crucially important not only for theoretical reasons, but also for the tremendous practical and applied value of the assumed general dimension of personality. As a common denominator of all the most important fields of personality beyond cognition (Big Five, well-being, coping, emotionality, motivation, self-concept, self-esteem, control, wisdom and others), the GFP represents an extremely strong single predictor of the quality of life, mental health and well-being, career, academic success, and the quality of family and interpersonal relations. Reviews the theoretical and methodological work on the General Factor of Personality (GFP) Presents major research results in the field of GFP and the dimensional structure of personality Provides a balanced and objective approach to the topic of GFP, addressing criticisms and controversies Considers the practical and applied aspects of this research Draws conclusions on the bioevolutionary model of GFP to give a more thorough understanding of biological bases of human personality
