Download or read book How Land Use Law Impedes Transportation Innovation written by David Schleicher and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A certain breed of economists and techno-futurists regularly point to the potential for innovation in the transportation sector to spur economic growth. Such predictions, however, often fail to discuss why transportation innovation in the past was so central to economic changes. Innovations like the automobile or the elevator did not make it (much) easier to travel between and among existing homes, stores and offices. After all, existing developments had been built around previous technologies for moving people around, whether it was the streetcar suburb or the walk-up apartment building. Instead, most of the gains from new transportation technologies come from being able to move our homes, offices, and stores into more pleasing and efficient patterns. That is, to get the benefits from transportation technologies, we must change land use patterns. But land uses in our cities and metropolitan areas do not simply follow changes market demand or technological progress. Laws and regulations from zoning codes to subdivision requirements to historic preservation limit the forms, densities, and uses of buildings. In order to understand the potential transportation technologies have to produce economic growth, we have to consider both how they will affect optimal land uses and whether the changes they suggest will be allowed and encouraged by local and state land use regulators. This Chapter will assess how well modern land use law has or might accommodate three major recent or soon-to-arrive transportation innovations: (1) Global Positioning Systems (GPS), mobile mapping, and real-time traffic information services (e.g. Google Maps, Apple Maps, TomTom, Garmin, and Waze); (2) e-hailing apps for taxis, shared rides, and shuttles (like Uber, Lyft, and their competitors); and (3) still-developing self-driving autonomous cars. These technological innovations should allow two types of changes to land use patterns. First, they allow “distributed density” within urban areas. Each technology should allow for greater overall density in cities without requiring as much extreme density. These technologies permit nodes of extreme density of uses (e.g., stores along a high street, or tall apartments within a quarter of a mile of train station) to spread a bit further without losing the gains of agglomeration. Second, the innovations will allow development on the edges of metropolitan areas, as they - particularly GPS and potentially autonomous cars - reduce the costs of travelling substantial distances, both in time and in effort. Land use law does not equally permit these types of development. While building on the edge of metropolitan areas is generally easy in the United States, land use law and politics is particularly ill-equipped to produce distributed density. Its deep procedural rules and the multiple ways current residents can block new construction make incremental housing growth - building the “missing middle” of the U.S. housing market - particularly difficult. The extreme separation of uses common in zoning in the U.S. makes distributing retail or commercial development difficult as well. Unless zoning procedure and policy is reformed, many of the gains from these technologies will not be realized. Further, by failing to accommodate distributed density, cities will bias how technologists develop products, reducing the potential for economic growth. The Chapter concludes with some thoughts on how land use procedure and policy could be reformed and how transportation technologists might play a role.
Download or read book Evidence and Innovation in Housing Law and Policy written by Lee Anne Fennell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-08-29 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This interdisciplinary volume illuminates housing's impact on both wealth and community, and examines legal and policy responses to current challenges. Also available as Open Access.
Download or read book Handbook of Innovation and Regulation written by Pontus Braunerhjelm and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2023-12-11 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive Handbook presents thoughtful analysis on how regulations can impact innovation within a number of regulatory fields and markets, and provides a greater understanding of regulatory complexity and the challenging task it presents for future research.
Download or read book Land Use in a World of New Transportation Technologies written by Monique Ho and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: o prepare for the arrival of autonomous vehicles, the Los Angeles Department of City Planning is exploring land use strategies to optimize the potential safety and the environmental and access benefits of this new technology. Self-driving or autonomous vehicles have captured the imagination of many people, including transportation officials, the media, technology entrepreneurs and travelers. At the same time, this new technology is raising complicated questions related to ethics, liability, accessibility, and safety. Technology companies and auto manufacturers are testing this technology on our roads today. Although the technology is still in progress, advancements in self-driving technology are occurring rapidly. In order to capture the benefits and minimize the costs of autonomous vehicles, cities must take advantage of this testing period to prepare for an autonomous future. Autonomous vehicles have the potential to transform mobility in Los Angeles by providing populations previously unable or unwilling to drive themselves with access to vehicles, eliminating human error in traffic crashes, and increasing efficiency through connected vehicle technology; however, these benefits are not assured. In the absence of advanced preparation and planning, there may be unintentional adverse effects including increased sprawl, vehicle miles traveled, commute distance, and automobile-related pollution. In this study, I draw on academic literature, analysis of city General and Comprehensive Plans, and phone interviews with planners to analyze the potential impact of autonomous vehicles on local land use. Based on these findings, I provide a set of recommendations for the City of Los Angeles to consider in shaping future land use policies. Local governments have limited control over the development and consumer response to this technology; however, it does wield significant control over the built environment through zoning regulations. By leveraging these tools, local governme
Download or read book America s Frozen Neighborhoods written by Robert C. Ellickson and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2022-10-18 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines local zoning policies and suggests reforms that states and the federal government might adopt to counter the negative effects of exclusionary zoning In this book, Robert Ellickson asserts that local zoning policies are the most consequential regulatory program in the United States. Many localities have created barriers to the development of less costly forms of housing. Numerous economists have found that current zoning practices inflict major damage on the national economy. Using Silicon Valley, the Greater New Haven area, and the northwestern portion of Greater Austin as case studies, Ellickson shows in unprecedented detail how the zoning system works and recommends steps for its reform. Zoning regulations, Ellickson demonstrates, are hard to dislodge once localities have enacted them. He develops metrics to measure the existence and costs of exclusionary zoning, and suggests reforms that states and the federal government could undertake to counter the detrimental effects of local policies. These include the cartelization of housing markets and the aggravation of racial and class segregation.
Download or read book Zoned Out written by Jonathan Levine and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-09-30 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers have responded to urban sprawl, congestion, and pollution by assessing alternatives such as smart growth, new urbanism, and transit-oriented development. Underlying this has been the presumption that, for these options to be given serious consideration as part of policy reform, science has to prove that they will reduce auto use and increase transit, walking, and other physical activity. Zoned Out forcefully argues that the debate about transportation and land-use planning in the United States has been distorted by a myth?the myth that urban sprawl is the result of a free market. According to this myth, low-density, auto-dependent development dominates U.S. metropolitan areas because that is what Americans prefer. Jonathan Levine confronts the free market myth by pointing out that land development is already one of the most regulated sectors of the U.S. economy. Noting that local governments use their regulatory powers to lower densities, segregate different types of land uses, and mandate large roadways and parking lots, he argues that the design template for urban sprawl is written into the land-use regulations of thousands of municipalities nationwide. These regulations and the skewed thinking that underlies current debate mean that policy innovation, market forces, and the compact-development alternatives they might produce are often 'zoned out' of metropolitan areas. In debunking the market myth, Levine articulates an important paradigm shift. Where people believe that current land-use development is governed by a free-market, any proposal for policy reform is seen as a market intervention and a limitation on consumer choice, and any proposal carries a high burden of scientific proof that it will be effective. By reorienting the debate, Levine shows that the burden of scientific proof that was the lynchpin of transportation and land-use debates has been misassigned, and that, far from impeding market forces or limiting consumer choice, policy reform that removes regulatory obstacles would enhance both. A groundbreaking work in urban planning, transportation and land-use policy, Zoned Out challenges a policy environment in which scientific uncertainty is used to reinforce the status quo of sprawl and its negative consequences for people and their communities.
Download or read book Land Use Impacts of Transportation written by National Cooperative Highway Research Program and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 1999 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Transportation land Use Connection written by Terry Moore and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Innovations in State Legislation Land use Management written by Richard N. Tager and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Homevoter Hypothesis written by William A. Fischel and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-01 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Just as investors want the companies they hold equity in to do well, homeowners have a financial interest in the success of their communities. If neighborhood schools are good, if property taxes and crime rates are low, then the value of the homeowner’s principal asset—his home—will rise. Thus, as William Fischel shows, homeowners become watchful citizens of local government, not merely to improve their quality of life, but also to counteract the risk to their largest asset, a risk that cannot be diversified. Meanwhile, their vigilance promotes a municipal governance that provides services more efficiently than do the state or national government. Fischel has coined the portmanteau word “homevoter” to crystallize the connection between homeownership and political involvement. The link neatly explains several vexing puzzles, such as why displacement of local taxation by state funds reduces school quality and why local governments are more likely to be efficient providers of environmental amenities. The Homevoter Hypothesis thereby makes a strong case for decentralization of the fiscal and regulatory functions of government.
Download or read book Implications of Social and Technological Change on Transportation Policy written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bus Rapid Transit and Other Bus Service Innovations written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Laws Relating to the National Park Service written by United States and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 1064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Compilation of National Park Service Laws of the Congress written by United States and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 2016 Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance written by United States. Congress. Senate. Office of Management and Budget. Executive Office of the President and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 1780 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identifies and describes specific government assistance opportunities such as loans, grants, counseling, and procurement contracts available under many agencies and programs.
Download or read book Unmanned Aircraft Systems written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Innovative Initiatives in Growth Management and Open Space Preservation written by Robert Hines Wilson and published by Lyndon B. Johnson, School of Public Affairs. This book was released on 2003 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abundant open space is a defining characteristic of the United States. It has affected the nations history and cultural identity, and, during the last decade, managing urban sprawl and protecting open space has become a major public policy challenge. Today, many state and local initiatives are attempting to answer an extraordinarily complex question: How can communities accommodate new residents and businesses without sacrificing the important historic, cultural, ecological, and social values within the built and natural environments that are so essential to quality of life?In this report, conducted by the LBJ School and the Community and Regional Planning Program of the UT Austin School of Architecture for the Congressional Research Service (CRS), the findings from 32 case studies in 15 states are presented. The initiatives are evaluated in terms of issues addressed, approach adopted, nature of intergovernmental relations and partnerships, scale, and role of the federal government. Characteristics of effective cases are identified as well as future challenges and opportunities. This report is the second of a two-part research project for the CRS. The first report, State Growth Management and Open Space Preservation Policies (see http://www.utexas.edu/lbj/pubs/books/prp_143.html), identified and categorized state government initiatives concerning growth management and open space preservation enacted since 1990. This inventory revealed the national scope of such initiatives and identified the most active states, from which the 32 case studies in the second year of the project were drawn.
