Download or read book How Do Differing Standards Increase Trade Costs The Case of Pallets written by Gaël Raballand and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pallet is a platform used for storing, handling, and transporting products. There are hundreds of different pallet sizes around the world. The case of pallets is examined to illustrate the impact of multiplicity of standards on trade costs. We select this case because pallets are used all around the world, pallet standards are not too sophisticated, and data on the impact of pallet standards are to some extent available. The paper examines why there are so many different pallet sizes, the associated trade costs and the reasons why countries have not harmonized pallet sizes to eliminate such costs. It then presents options for exporters to mitigate the adverse effects of standards multiplicity while complying with destination markets'standard requirements. The range of options is limited in the case of exporters from less developed countries because of the lack of rental and exchange pallet markets. To mitigate the costs of this multiplicity of standards, the World Bank's strategy should be divided in two directions: to develop awareness of costs related to the multiplicity of standards and to support actively harmonization at the global level (within International Organization for Standardization) and at the regional level (within regional cooperation agreements).
Download or read book How Do Differing Standards Increase Trade Costs The Case of Pallets written by Ga??l Raballand and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pallet is a platform used for storing, handling, and transporting products. There are hundreds of different pallet sizes around the world. The case of pallets is examined to illustrate the impact of multiplicity of standards on trade costs. We select this case because pallets are used all around the world, pallet standards are not too sophisticated, and data on the impact of pallet standards are to some extent available. The paper examines why there are so many different pallet sizes, the associated trade costs and the reasons why countries have not harmonized pallet sizes to eliminate such costs. It then presents options for exporters to mitigate the adverse effects of standards multiplicity while complying with destination markets' standard requirements. The range of options is limited in the case of exporters from less developed countries because of the lack of rental and exchange pallet markets. To mitigate the costs of this multiplicity of standards, the World Bank's strategy should be divided in two directions: to develop awareness of costs related to the multiplicity of standards and to support actively harmonization at the global level (within International Organization for Standardization) and at the regional level (within regional cooperation agreements).
Download or read book How Do Differing Standards Increase Trade Costs written by Gaël Raballand and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "The pallet is a platform used for storing, handling, and transporting products. There are hundreds of different pallet sizes around the world. Raballand and Aldaz-Carroll examine the case of pallets to illustrate the impact of multiplicity of standards on trade costs. They select this case because pallets are used all around the world, pallet standards are not too sophisticated, and data on the impact of pallet standards are to some extent available. The authors examine why there are so many different pallet sizes, the associated trade costs, and the reasons why countries have not harmonized pallet sizes to eliminate such costs. They then present options for exporters to mitigate the adverse effects of standards multiplicity while complying with destination markets' standard requirements. The range of options is limited in the case of exporters from less developed countries because of the lack of rental and exchange pallet markets. To mitigate the costs of this multiplicity of standards, the World Bank's strategy should be divided in two directions: to develop awareness of costs related to the multiplicity of standards and to support actively harmonization at the global level (within International Organization for Standardization) and at the regional level (within regional cooperation agreements). This paper--a product of the International Trade Department, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to analyze the impact of standards on trade"--World Bank web site.
Download or read book International Standardization and the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade written by Andrea Barrios Villarreal and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-10-04 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Standardization and the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade examines the international standardization system generally, with a specific focus on some of the bodies within this system, along with their rules and procedures. It also examines - and questions - the lack of definition regarding several features related to the system, notably an international standardizing body (ISB) and international standards in the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT). Andrea Barrios Villarreal, who has been involved in standardization activities for more than seven years, provides a unique and in-depth analysis that will be useful to scholars, students and practitioners. This illuminating work is a welcome addition to the international economic law literature and should be read by anyone with an interest in the interaction between trade law and international standardization.
Download or read book Quality Systems and Standards for a Competitive Edge written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book responds to the challenge of providing a comprehensive account of quality systems for private sector development: what works and what doesnt on the ground, and why. This volume provides a thorough analysis of the diversity of institutions, linkages, and arrangements involved in quality systems, identifying success factors in countries quality strategies. It explains why quality and standards matter for export growth, for productivity, for industrial upgrading, and for diffusion of innovation, all central ingredients in improving economic growth and generating real gains in poverty reduction. It provides a detailed blue print for implementing effective National Quality Systems. Quality and Standards Matter is a valuable tool for policymakers confronted with the challenges of building trade competitiveness in the new global economy.
Download or read book Trade Facilitation written by Patricia Sourdin and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'In the last decade trade costs have been a subject of intense study in the international trade literature. Richard Pomfret and Patricia Sourdin provide a timely and accessible summary of what we know so far. Their comprehensive review of what we have learned is paired here with important new research in the area of trade facilitation. This is important reading for policymakers interested in international trade and trade-related economic development.' Russell Hillberry, University of Melbourne, Australia 'Few topics are as important in international economics as trade costs. Surprisingly, there are few studies that explicitly address that issue in detail. This makes the book of great value to both professional economists and policy makers worldwide helping them to understand the different concepts of trade costs, their determinants and how to reduce them using trade facilitation measures. The book is very well written and a must read for any person that has an interest in trade costs!' Matthias Busse, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Germany This up-to-date and informative book provides a comprehensive treatment of the costs of trading across borders and of trade facilitation policies. While traditional tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade have been reduced, international trade continues to involve higher costs in money and time than domestic trade. These include not only transport costs, that are determined by distance and commodity characteristics, but also at-the-border and behind-the-border costs which can be reduced by appropriate policies. Research on trade costs has flourished since the turn of the century, and this book by Patricia Sourdin and Richard Pomfret, takes stock of our increased knowledge of the nature and magnitude of trade costs, analysing why they are high and how they can be reduced to increase the gains from trade. Trade Facilitation will appeal to economists and policymakers at the national level and in multinational institutions, researchers and postgraduate students interested in international trade and trade policy, as well as students in international business.
Download or read book Regional Approaches to Better Standards Systems written by Enrique Aldaz-Carroll and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Developing countries face an increasing need to upgrade the standards of their domestic markets and of their exports. This paper examines different approaches available to them for upgrading their standards and conformity assessment procedures. It focuses particularly on those followed within the context of regional trade agreements (RTAs), as these are yielding promising results. Based on interviews performed in Latin America and on previous literature, the paper draws common features of a RTA standard and conformity assessment upgrading and harmonization process, identifies some of its main challenges, and suggests principles that developing countries could follow in such a process."--World Bank web site.
Download or read book Handbook of Innovation and Standards written by Richard Hawkins and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2017-08-25 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innovation and standardization might seem polar opposites, but over many years various scholars have noted close connections between the two. This Handbook assembles a broad range of thinking on this subject, with contributions from several disciplinary perspectives by over 30 leading scholars and experienced practitioners. Collectively, they summarize and synthesize the existing body of knowledge – theory and evidence – pertaining to standards and innovation, and provide insights into how this knowledge can be useful to scholars, industrial strategists, policy-makers and standards practitioners.
Download or read book The Changing Frontier written by Adam B. Jaffe and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2015-08-24 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1945, Vannevar Bush, founder of Raytheon and one-time engineering dean at MIT, delivered a report to the president of the United States that argued for the importance of public support for science, and the importance of science for the future of the nation. The report, Science: The Endless Frontier, set America on a path toward strong and well-funded institutions of science, creating an intellectual architecture that still defines scientific endeavor today. In The Changing Frontier, Adam B. Jaffe and Benjamin Jones bring together a group of prominent scholars to consider the changes in science and innovation in the ensuing decades. The contributors take on such topics as changes in the organization of scientific research, the geography of innovation, modes of entrepreneurship, and the structure of research institutions and linkages between science and innovation. An important analysis of where science stands today, The Changing Frontier will be invaluable to practitioners and policy makers alike.
Download or read book A Handbook of Globalisation and Environmental Policy Second Edition written by Frank Wijen and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 801 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acclaim for the first edition: ÔThis is undoubtedly a useful collection of essays for environmental policy-makers and anyone interested in the relationship between national government and transnational forces. . . the collection brings together some interesting perspectives and should prove a useful complement to the existing political sociology of the environment.Õ Ð International Sociology Ð Review of Books ÔThe Handbook of Globalisation and Environmental Policy is a very important book. More than 40 experienced authors, including some of the most important international thought leaders of our time, have confronted a crucial question: How can and should national governments come to grips with the need for global action on a wide range of increasingly urgent environmental challenges that exceed their authority and capability? Through close examination of numerous case studies, a balanced perspective that takes government, business and civil society into account, and fresh interdisciplinary thinking about a range of policy tools, the Handbook offers a treasure-trove of new concepts and new perspectives. The authors conclude that by acknowledging the ongoing erosion of national sovereignty and accepting the growing need to work together in supranational forums, national governments can, in fact, increase their capacity to shape their own destiny.Õ Ð Lawrence Susskind, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, US ÔIn an increasingly interdependent world, global forces affect both the design and effectiveness of environmental policy. This Handbook provides an unusually creative and comprehensive guide, not only to the nature of these forces and their impacts, but also to how a better understanding of these forces can provide a foundation for improving the effectiveness of environmental policy.Õ Ð Tom Tietenberg, Colby College, US In the current era of globalisation, national governments are increasingly exposed to international influences that present new constraints and opportunities for domestic environmental policies. This comprehensive, revised Handbook pushes the frontiers of theoretical and empirical knowledge, and provides a state-of-the-art examination of the multifaceted effects of globalisation on environmental governance. Including substantially revised as well as new contributions from leading authorities, the Handbook offers an insightful overview of recent developments at the intersection of globalisation and national environmental policy. It covers themes including national regimes, trade rules, types of goods, federalism, innovation, standards, citizen-consumers, developing countries, policy networks, partnerships, and carbon trading. The HandbookÕs depth and scope will appeal to a broad and varied readership, across academics, students, and policy-makers interested in public and private governance, environmental economics, international relations, environmental politics and law, sociology, and political science.
Download or read book The Rise of Asia written by Prema-chandra Athukorala and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-07-12 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Rise of Asia examines emerging trends and patterns of foreign trade and investment in Asia with a view to contributing to the policy debate on how development strategies should be adopted in response to challenges to economic globalization. The existing body of knowledge in this subject area has predominantly been shaped by the experiences of the newly industrialized countries (NICs) in East Asia. This volume is inspired by the conviction that generalization from the NIC experience is hazardous because the on-going process of economic globalization over the past two decades has dramatically transformed the international context of national development policy making. Moreover, as ‘embracing market’, albeit at varying degree and rapidly, has now become an Asia-wide phenomenon, it is vital to look at the issues from a broader relational perspective, paying attention to opportunities for intra-regional division of labour within the wider context of global economic integration. This book will be of interest to students and scholars with an interest in Asian studies, economics, political economy and globalization.
Download or read book Regulatory Effectiveness written by Jon Stern and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The authors review a number of studies on the effectiveness of utility regulatory agency and governance arrangements for the electricity industry, particularly for developing countries. They discuss governance criteria and their measurement, both legal frameworks and surveys of regulatory practice. They also discuss the results from econometric studies of effectiveness for regulatory agencies in the electricity and telecommunications industries and compare these with the results from econometric studies of independent central banks and their governance. The authors conclude with a discussion of policy implications and of priorities for information collection to improve understanding of these issues. "--World Bank web site.
Download or read book Engineering technology Management written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Survey Nonresponse and the Distribution of Income written by Anton Korinek and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The authors examine the distributional implications of selective compliance in sample surveys, whereby households with different incomes are not equally likely to participate. They discuss poverty and inequality measurement implications for monotonically decreasing and inverted-U compliance-income relationships. The authors demonstrate that the latent income effect on the probability of compliance can be estimated from information on response rates across geographic areas. On implementing the method on the Current Population Survey for the United States, they find that the compliance probability falls monotonically as income rises. Correcting for non-response appreciably increases mean income and inequality, but has only a small impact on poverty incidence up to poverty lines common in the United States. "--World Bank web site.
Download or read book Engineering technology Management 2005 written by and published by American Society of Mechanical Engineers. This book was released on 2005 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Policy Research Working Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Institutional and Policy Analysis of River Basin Management written by William Andrew Blomquist and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The efforts toward decentralization and integrated water resource management in Poland have been earnest, but the dispersion of water policy authority across several levels of government, the establishment of basin authorities lacking power and funding to implement resource management programs, few arrangements for stakeholder participation, and delays in Polish water law reform have complicated the development and implementation of integrated management at the basin level"--Abstract.
