Download or read book Household Incomes and Redistribution in the European Union Quantifying the Equalising Properties of Taxes and Benefits written by and published by CEPS. This book was released on with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Household Incomes and Redistribution in the European Union written by Herwig Immervoll and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Inequality and Poverty across Generations in the European Union written by Tingyun Chen and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-01-24 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This SDN studies the evolution of inequality across age groups leading up to and since the global financial crisis, as well as implications for fiscal and labor policies. Europe’s population is aging, child and youth poverty are rising, and income support systems are often better equipped to address old-age poverty than the challenges faced by poor children and/or unemployed youth today.
Download or read book Income Inequality in the European Union and its relation to health and social problems written by and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2015-02-26 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2013 in the subject Business economics - Economic and Social History, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: Why are health and social problems in the EU related to income inequality within countries, rather than per capita income? With regard to Wilkinson and Pickett’s studies in “The Spirit Level” (2010), I am demonstrating the relation of health and social problems with income inequality for EU countries and compare the results with the European Social Policy Models described by Boeri (2002) and Sapir (2005). At least since the “Occupy Wall Street” and the “We are the 99 percent” movements started to dominate newspaper headlines, the problem of unequally allocated disposable income has gained more attention by policy makers around the globe. In reconstruction times following WWII, gains in income have been shared almost equally between income quintile groups until the late 1970s - when the Great Convergence ended. Politicians and economists have therefore increased their interest in finding other indicators for economic performance rather than only casting an eye on GDP growth. I will thus investigate why health and social problems are far more related to income inequality rather than GDP growth or per capita income. To understand the situation especially in the European Union (EU) I will subsequently explain the underlying circumstances.
Download or read book Europe s Income Wealth Consumption and Inequality written by Georg Fischer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-10-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: European integration is focused on improving economic performance and increasing income levels in nations across the European Union. Political leaders and the media often use income trends to measure this progress, with inequality moving more and more to the forefront of these conversations. In this book, contributing authors focus on the economies within the EU, its member countries, and other European countries closely associated with the EU. The book includes an overview of economic and social trends, using long-term processes of European integration as a way to frame the discussions. Georg Fischer, Robert Strauss, and their contributors focus on explaining how policy makers and the media focus on national trends to measure progress among the nations in Europe. They make a specific point to look at the EU as an economic and political entity whose parts are closely interlinked rather than as a conglomerate of individual countries. The contributors consider the commonalities and differences between various institutions and policies, explaining how a decision in one country might impact another. Europe's Income, Wealth, Consumption, and Inequality offers a novel approach to the analysis of social and economic trends, and the resulting book identifies major policy challenges applicable in the EU and beyond.
Download or read book The Distributional Effects of Government Spending and Taxation written by D. Papadimitriou and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-05-26 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the distributional consequences of the public sector and examines and documents, theoretically and empirically, the effects of government spending and taxation on personal distribution, and includes chapters investigating the relationship between the public sector and functional distribution of national income.
Download or read book Decent Incomes for All written by Bea Cantillon and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-11-20 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2000, the first social agenda in the history of the European Union was launched, and the endeavor to combat poverty came increasingly to the forefront as a specific area for EU policy cooperation and coordination. Regrettably, however, little progress has been achieved so far, either at the national or European level. On the contrary, the EU's social fabric is under major stress: convergence in national living standards has halted or reversed while progress in terms of poverty reduction in the last decades has been disappointing in most EU Member States. In Europe, despite high social spending and work-related welfare reforms, poverty often remains a largely intractable problem for policymakers and a persistent reality for many European citizens. In Decent Incomes for All, the authors shed new light on recent poverty trends in the European Union and the corresponding responses by European welfare states. They analyze the effect of social and fiscal policies before, during, and after the recent economic crisis and study the impact of alternative policy packages on poverty and inequality. The volume also explores how social investment and local initiatives of social innovation can contribute to tackling poverty, while recognizing that there are indeed structural constraints on the increase of the social floor and difficult trade-offs involved in reconciling work and poverty reduction. Academics and graduate students in comparative social policy, inclusion and anti-poverty policy, sociology, and public economics will find the book to be a particularly helpful resource in their work.
Download or read book Income Redistribution in the European Union written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book In It Together Why Less Inequality Benefits All written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2015-05-21 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the key areas where inequalities are created and where new policies are required, including the consequences of current consolidation policies, structural labour market changes with rising non-standard work and job polarisation, persisting gender gaps...
Download or read book Fighting Poverty in the US and Europe written by Alberto Alesina and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2004 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this this timely study of the different approaches of America and Europe to the problems of domestic inequality and poverty, the authors describe just how different the two continents are in the level of State engagement in the redistribution of income. They discuss various possible economic and sociological explanations for the difference, including different attitudes to the poor, notions of social responsibility, and attitudes to race.
Download or read book United in Diversity written by Jens Alber and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-10-07 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the advent of the European Union, politicians have increasingly emphasized the notion of a European social model as an alternative to the American form of market capitalism, which is seen as promoting economic growth without regard for solidarity and social progress. As this political discourse has advanced, social scientists and academic policy analysts have raised questions concerning the extent to which the E.U. and U.S. social models exist outside the minds of diplomats and politicians seeking to stitch together a common identity. How much unity is there still within Europe after the Eastern enlargements have considerably increased economic and cultural diversity? To whatever extent one might discern a distinct set of commonalities that represent the core of a European approach, how different are the European characteristics of social, economic, and political life from those of America? Addressing these issues, this book systematically analyzes how much European countries and the United States have in common and how much variation we find within the enlarged European Union in eight central spheres of socio-economic and political life: employment, equality/mobility, educational opportunity, integration of immigrants, democratic functioning, political participation, rights to welfare, and levels of public spending. Drawing on empirical analyses by U.S. and European scholars who represent multi-disciplinary backgrounds, each of these topics is put under scrutiny. The results of this study illuminate points of convergence and divergence as seen from the perspectives of scholars from both sides of the Atlantic.
Download or read book Mitigating the Gap Between the Rich the Poor written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing inequality of market income has, in the recent past, attracted considerable attention; less so the redistribution of income. This paper analyses key trends and drivers determining the size of income redistribution across households. We show that in the EU increasing redistribution has largely stabilised the distribution of disposable income since the late 1990s. Only developing countries, where lagging income levels do not allow larger welfare programmes, and some advanced countries with a dominant free market ideology have recorded an increasing inequality of disposable income alongside a growing inequality of market outcomes. Our evidence from panel data shows that the degree of redistribution increases with percapita income, the share of low-tech, low-income sectors in manufacturing and, in line with the median voter model, when more than half of the voters earn less than the average income in countries with a majoritarian electoral system.
Download or read book Income and Living Conditions in Europe written by Anthony B. Atkinson and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Why Does the Amount of Income Redistribution Differ Between The United States and Europe The Janus Face of Switzerland written by Sule Akkoyunlu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, the amount of income redistribution in the United States, the European Union, and Switzerland is compared and empirically related to economic, political, and behavioral determinants elaborated in the literature. Lying in between the two poles, Switzerland provides unique evidence about the relative merits of competing hypotheses. It tips the balance against the economic explanation, which predicts more rather than less income redistribution in the United States compared to the EU. It only weakly supports the politicalmodel linking proportional representation and multiparty structure (which also characterize Switzerland) to redistribution; yet the Swiss share of transfers in the GDP is low. Behavioral explanations receive a good deal of support from the case of Switzerland, a country thatshares with the United States the belief that hard work rather than luck, birth, connections, and corruption determine wealth. In this way, the Janus face of Switzerland may help to explain the difference in the amount of U.S. and EU income redistribution.
Download or read book Taxation of Household Capital in EU Member States written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taxation of capital, including the taxation of capital income and stocks, could play an important role in increasing revenue efficiency and making the tax system fairer. Recent international tax developments on automatic exchange of information and administrative co-operation have increased the capacity of Member States to raise taxes from mobile tax bases such as capital income. This paper first analyses the tax treatment of household capital income. It presents the theoretical features of the optimal taxation of capital income and describes the tax treatment of income from different capital assets in EU Member States. The paper then focusses on the taxation of owner-occupied housing and measures the impact of specific tax features on the cost of home ownership by using an indicator-based analysis. Then, it analyses specific issues in capital gains taxation and their macroeconomic effects. Finally, the paper explores the possibilities of increasing revenue efficiency through wealth transfer taxes, i.e. inheritance and gift taxes. It provides an up-to-date review of the theoretical arguments and the practical implementation of such taxes in EU Member States and tries to shed light on the reasons why these taxes contribute only little to raising revenues.
Download or read book The Median Voter Takes it All written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relation between income inequality and support for redistributive policies has long being debated by social scientists, albeit with mostly contrasting findings. We shed light on this puzzle by exploiting a novel EU-28 wide survey (Eurobarometer 471) and matching it with an array of regional and national inequality measures. Using binary choice models, we show that support for redistribution is positively linked with the level of income inequality. The same association is found for perceptions of inequality being too high. In addition, we exploit alternative proxies of socio-economic status as well as subjective beliefs about fairness in the society. We document that individuals believing to be at the top of the social ladder, as well as people considering equal opportunities to be in place, are less supportive of gov- ernment intervention to reduce inequalities. Our results are robust to different measures of inequalities, additional controls as well as a cross-validation with a widely recognized survey (ESS). We conclude that for the planning of policies based on social preferences, inequality matters.
Download or read book Fiscal Redistribution and Social Welfare written by Mr.David Coady and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-03-08 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fiscal policy is a key tool for achieving distributional objectives in advanced economies. This paper embeds the discussion of fiscal redistribution within the standard social welfare framework, which lends itself to a transparent and practical evaluation of the extent and determinants of fiscal redistribution. Differences in fiscal redistribution are decomposed into differences in the magnitude of transfers (fiscal effort) and in the progressivity of transfers (fiscal progressivity). Fiscal progressivity is further decomposed into differences in the distribution of transfers across income groups (targeting performance) and in the social welfare returns to targeting due to varying initial levels of income inequality (targeting returns). This decomposition provides a clear distinction between the concepts of progressivity and targeting, and clarifies the relationship between them. For illustrative purposes, the framework is applied to data for 28 EU countries to determine the factors explaining differences in their fiscal redistribution and to discuss patterns in fiscal redistribution highlighted in the literature.
