Download or read book Host microbe diet Interplay written by Inés Martínez Ramos and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vertebrates are associated with trillions of bacteria, with the densest populations residing in the large intestine. The symbiosis between vertebrates and their gut microbiota has resulted in important implications of the gut microbiome on host health. Diet is an important factor that shapes gut microbiota composition, and because of the interplay between host-microbiome-diet, dietary strategies that modulate gut microbiome structure are deemed a relevant tool to improve host health. However, gaps in knowledge exist with respect to these interactions, and it is essential to obtain a mechanistic understanding of how these relations take place to develop successful therapeutic strategies that target the gut microbiome. In order to address these gaps, human trials were performed to assess the impact of primary components of the human diet, resistant starches and whole grains, on the gut microbiota. Overall, the impact of diet was temporal and varied across subjects. Resistant starches substantially modulated the gut bacterial community of the subject population, especially increasing the abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis . Ruminococcus bromii , Eubacterium rectale , and Parabacteroides distasonis were also significantly enriched. Dietary incorporation of whole grains increased the proportions of Eubacterium rectale and acetogens such as Blautia wexlerae . Of note, whole grains significantly improved inflammation and glycemic parameters. The shifts in Eubacterium rectale correlated with glycemic improvements. Moreover, distinct abundances of Dialister were determined among subjects that differed in terms of their inflammatory improvement. To gain mechanistic insight on the host-microbe-diet interplay, animal experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of grain sorghum lipids and plant sterol esters in the context of dyslipidemia. Significant and consistent alterations in gut microbiota composition were detected in both experiments, especially involving shifts in Coriobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae abundance, which displayed remarkable correlations to host cholesterol markers. Mathematical modeling of these associations revealed them to be inhibitory interactions, suggesting that changes in host metabolism affected gut microbiome structure through an antimicrobial effect of cholesterol, which was conformed in vitro against selected gut microbes. In conclusion, the studies presented in this dissertation allowed new insights on the impact of diet on the gut microbiota and its consequences for health.

Download or read book The Role of Dietary Interventions in The Regulation of Host Microbe Interactions written by Zongxin Ling and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-03-07 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Diet Microbe Interactions in the Gut written by Kieran Tuohy and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-08-04 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on expert opinions from the fields of nutrition, gut microbiology, mammalian physiology, and immunology, Diet-Microbe Interactions for Human Health investigates the evidence for a unified disease mechanism working through the gut and its resident microbiota, and linking many inflammation-related chronic diet associated diseases. State of the art post-genomic studies can highlight the important role played by our resident intestinal microbiota in determining human health and disease. Many chronic human diseases associated with modern lifestyles and diets — including those localized to the intestinal tract like inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease, and more pervasive systemic conditions such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease — are characterized by aberrant profiles of gut bacteria or their metabolites. Many of these diseases have an inflammatory basis, often presenting with a chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, hinting at persistent and inappropriate activation of inflammatory pathways. Through the presentation and analysis of recent nutrition studies, this book discusses the possible mechanisms underpinning the disease processes associated with these pathologies, with high fat diets appearing to predispose to disease, and biologically active plant components, mainly fiber and polyphenols, appearing to reduce the risk of chronic disease development. One comprehensive, translational source for all aspects of nutrition and diet's effect on gastrointestinal health and disease Experts in nutrition, diet, microbiology and immunology take readers from the bench research (cellular and biochemical mechanisms of vitamins and nutrients) to new preventive and therapeutic approaches Clear presentations by leading researchers of the cellular mechanisms underlying diet, immune response, and gastrointestinal disease help practicing nutritionists and clinicians (gastroenterologists, endocrinologists) map out new areas for clinical research and structuring clinical recommendations

Download or read book Microbial Endocrinology written by Mark Lyte and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-04-06 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial endocrinology represents a newly emerging interdisciplinary field that is formed by the intersection of the fields of neurobiology and microbiology. This book will introduce a new perspective to the current understanding not only of the factors that mediate the ability of microbes to cause disease, but also to the mechanisms that maintain normal homeostasis. The discovery that microbes can directly respond to neuroendocrine hormones, as evidenced by increased growth and production of virulence-associated factors, provides for a new framework with which to investigate how microorganisms interface not only with vertebrates, but also with invertebrates and even plants. The reader will learn that the neuroendocrine hormones that one most commonly associates with mammals are actually found throughout the plant, insect and microbial communities to an extent that will undoubtedly surprise many, and most importantly, how interactions between microbes and neuroendocrine hormones can influence the pathophysiology of infectious disease.

Download or read book The Human Microbiome Diet and Health written by Food Forum and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-02-27 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Food Forum convened a public workshop on February 22-23, 2012, to explore current and emerging knowledge of the human microbiome, its role in human health, its interaction with the diet, and the translation of new research findings into tools and products that improve the nutritional quality of the food supply. The Human Microbiome, Diet, and Health: Workshop Summary summarizes the presentations and discussions that took place during the workshop. Over the two day workshop, several themes covered included: The microbiome is integral to human physiology, health, and disease. The microbiome is arguably the most intimate connection that humans have with their external environment, mostly through diet. Given the emerging nature of research on the microbiome, some important methodology issues might still have to be resolved with respect to undersampling and a lack of causal and mechanistic studies. Dietary interventions intended to have an impact on host biology via their impact on the microbiome are being developed, and the market for these products is seeing tremendous success. However, the current regulatory framework poses challenges to industry interest and investment.

Download or read book Interplay Between Diets Microbiota Bacterial Metabolites and Host for Intestinal Health and Disease written by Silvia Melgar and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-04-30 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An interplay between the diet and the microbiota appears to regulate the host responses. It is now well acknowledged that the microbiota and their metabolites such as short chain fatty acids, bile acids, etc modulates the metabolic status, educates the host’s intestinal immune system, and protects the host against invading pathogens and injury. Concomitantly, environmental factors such as diets and dietary components play a major role in shaping the microbiota, thereby modulating the host immune and epithelial responses, and ultimately directing the individual’s health status. Disruption in any of these elements or their interactions have been linked to the development and progression of a wide range of conditions including Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), colorectal cancer, obesity, Parkinson’s disease, autism, asthma etc. While westernised diets (rich in fat/sugar and low in fibres) and dietary additives (e.g. emulsifiers) have been identified as risk factors for these disorders, other diets such as Mediterranean, Ketogenic and probiotics and prebiotics can serve as treatment strategies due to their impact on the microbiota and possibly the host.

Download or read book Microbial Endocrinology The Microbiota Gut Brain Axis in Health and Disease written by Mark Lyte and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-05 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of microbial endocrinology is expressly devoted to understanding the mechanisms by which the microbiota (bacteria within the microbiome) interact with the host (“us”). This interaction is a two-way street and the driving force that governs these interactions are the neuroendocrine products of both the host and the microbiota. Chapters include neuroendocrine hormone-induced changes in gene expression and microbial endocrinology and probiotics. This is the first in a series of books dedicated to understanding how bi-directional communication between host and bacteria represents the cutting edge of translational medical research, and hopefully identifies new ways to understand the mechanisms that determine health and disease.​

Download or read book Primordial Prevention of Non Communicable Disease written by Roya Kelishadi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-07 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a comprehensive overview on developmental origins of health and disease regarding various factors related to the origins of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) from early life. It offers a summary of the impacts of various factors such as epigenetics; gene-environment interaction; ethnic predisposition to NCDs and their risk factors; prenatal factors; fetal programming; maternal weight status and weight gain during pregnancy; type of feeding during infancy; growth pattern during childhood; obesity; stunting; socioeconomic status; dietary and physical activity habits; as well as environmental factors including air pollution and global climate change on the development and progress of NCDs.

Download or read book Interaction Between Host Microbiota Diet and Drugs in C Elegans and E Coli written by P. Norvaisas and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Host Microbe Interaction and Coevolution written by Wei Huang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-09-07 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Host diet microbiota Interaction Effects on Gastrointestinal Health in Susceptible Populations written by Megan Rene Sanctuary and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My research interest is in the role of the gut in overall health with a focus on the role of certain dietary components (including fiber and protein) on microbial composition and activity, gut barrier function, and inflammation. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract must properly digest and absorb nutrients, provide a barrier between environmental pathogens/toxins and the body, and house a balanced immune system that properly discriminates between harmful and beneficial substances/microorganisms. Break down in any one of these functions results in suboptimal health or disease. Most of the research concerning gut microbiota-diet interactions focuses on dietary carbohydrate, especially fiber. Little is known about the metabolism of dietary protein in the distal gut and subsequent effects on host health. Protein digestion has a major impact on amino acid absorption/bioavailability and downstream effects on the microbiota, immune system and colonocyte health; protein digestion and absorption may be compromised in some individuals and not all proteins are easily digested. Increased levels of protein in the colon have numerous potential causes including excessive protein consumption, low protein digestibility (affected by source and processing) as well as low inherent digestive capacity of the consumer. Several studies have shown that increased levels of protein in the colon leads to increased levels of protein-metabolizing (putrefactive) bacteria, reduced levels of fiber-fermenting (saccharolytic) bacteria, reduced bacterial diversity as well as increased levels of putrefactive metabolites in the colon. These metabolites have been associated with inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis (UC). The effects of these metabolites on host physiology have been studied using mainly in vitro models and have been shown to increase intestinal permeability and reduce overall health of colonocytes (Figure 1.1). However, it is unknown whether excess consumption of protein with low digestibility, coupled with reduced digestive capacity, leads to increased intestinal permeability resulting in inflammation and poor overall gut health in vivo. In addition, direct links between the concentrations of toxic putrefactive metabolites in stool and urine, and numbers of protein metabolizing bacteria in stool to specific health changes (e.g. inflammation, tissue damage) and long term health outcomes remain unknown.The focus of this research project lies on two specific populations that experience reduced digestive capacity and who tend to consume proteins with low digestibility. Human infants are born with an immature gut and thus low inherent digestive capacity; those who are formula fed consume high levels of indigestible proteins. Together, these factors may contribute to the microbial dysbiosis and increased incidence of diarrhea experienced by formula fed compared to breastfed infants. Therefore, cell culture experiments assessing intestinal permeabilization in response to certain dietary peptides was performed. Results showed that human milk is capable of reducing intestinal permeability in the absence of immune and microbiota mechanisms. Furthermore, human milk protects intestinal epithelial cells from LPS-induced increases in intestinal permeability. In addition, piglet feeding studies were conducted to assess the effect of consumption of diets high in heat-damaged milk proteins, like those found in formula, on markers of gut health including intestinal permeability, histopathology and diarrhea incidence. Results showed that piglets consuming diets high in partially hydrolyzed milk proteins experience increased intestinal permeability, higher ileum and colon histopathology scores and high incidence of diarrhea compared to piglets consuming diets containing intact proteins. Together, these results support the use of human milk for early infant feeding and further exploration of the role of human milk proteins in modulating intestinal permeability.Children with autism also experience GI dysfunction and immune abnormalities coupled with microbial dysbiosis. Therefore, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial assessing tolerability and efficacy of combination treatment with the probiotic Bifidobacterium longum subsp infantis (B. infantis) and bovine colostrum product (BCP) in children with ASD and GI symptoms compared to BCP alone. Results showed that both treatments were well tolerated in this cohort with gassiness and lethargy as the most commonly reported mild side effects. We also found overall improvement in GI function as evidenced by normalization of stool consistency, reduced frequency of GI symptoms, reduction in occurrence of certain aberrant behaviors, lowered percentage of lymphocytes expressing IL-13 (combination treatment) and TNF-[alpha] (BCP only treatment) and decreased fecal ethanol levels with treatment. For most outcome measures, there were trends for improvement with both treatments and in some cases, there were significant improvements for each of the treatments. At this point, we can cannot conclude that one treatment was more effective than the other due to low sample size and high heterogeneity of initial GI symptoms. Further studies with larger sample size with specific recruitment for certain GI symptoms are necessary to gain a mechanistic understanding of these outcomes.In addition, there is some evidence that populations with a fragile gut, especially children with autism and infants, have impaired digestive and/or absorptive capacity. Therefore, exploration of the effect of increased protein fermentation in the distal gut on microbial composition and metabolism, inflammation, intestinal permeability and general gut health will provide preliminary evidence to support mechanistic investigation of these processes in susceptible cohorts. This preliminary study will allow us to develop the tools and protocols to examine the effects of other variables such as effect of protein source (structure) and processing techniques (such as pasteurization), weaning protocol (age and duration of weaning), and other forms of digestive insufficiency (pancreatic insufficiency, chemotherapy) on gut health.

Download or read book Host Microbe Interactions written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-08-03 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Host-Microbe Interactions, the latest volume in the Progress in Molecular Biology series, provides a forum for the discussion of new discoveries, approaches, and ideas in molecular biology. It contains contributions from leaders in their respective fields, along with abundant references. This volume is dedicated to the subject of host-microbe interactions. Provides the latest research on host-microbe interactions, including new discoveries, approaches, and ideas Contains contributions from leading authorities on topics relating to molecular biology Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field

Download or read book The Interplay of Microbiome and Immune Response in Health and Diseases written by Gwendolyn Barcel´o-Coblijn and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-11-06 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [Increasing evidence suggests that microbiota and especially the gut microbiota (the microbes inhabiting the gut including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi) plays a key role in human physiology and pathology. Recent findings indicate how dysbiosis—an imbalance in the composition and organization of microbial populations—could severely impact the development of different medical conditions (from metabolic to mood disorders), providing new insights into the comprehension of diverse diseases, such as IBD, obesity, asthma, autism, stroke, diabetes, and cancer. Given that microbial cells in the gut outnumber host cells, microbiota influences human physiology both functionally and structurally. Microbial metabolites bridge various—even distant—areas of the organism by way of the immune and hormone system. For instance, it is now clear that the mutual interaction between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain (gut–brain axis), often involves gut microbiota, indicating that the crosstalk between the organism and its microbial residents represents a fundamental aspect of both the establishment and maintenance of healthy conditions. Moreover, it is crucial to recognize that beyond the intestinal tract, microbiota populates other host organs and tissues (e.g., skin and oral mucosa). We have edited this eBook with the aim of publishing manuscripts focusing on the impact of microbiota in the development of different diseases and their associated treatments.]

Download or read book Microbiome in Human Health and Disease written by Pallaval Veera Bramhachari and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-18 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides an overview on how the microbiome contributes to human health and disease. The microbiome has also become a burgeoning field of research in medicine, agriculture & environment. The readers will obtain profound knowledge on the connection between intestinal microbiota and immune defense systems, medicine, agriculture & environment. The book may address several researchers, clinicians and scholars working in biomedicine, microbiology and immunology. The application of new technologies has no doubt revolutionized the research initiatives providing new insights into the dynamics of these complex microbial communities and their role in medicine, agriculture & environment shall be more emphasized. Drawing on broad range concepts of disciplines and model systems, this book primarily provides a conceptual framework for understanding these human-microbe, animal-microbe & plant-microbe, interactions while shedding critical light on the scientific challenges that lie ahead. Furthermore this book explains why microbiome research demands a creative and interdisciplinary thinking—the capacity to combine microbiology with human, animal and plant physiology, ecological theory with immunology, and evolutionary perspectives with metabolic science.This book provides an accessible and authoritative guide to the fundamental principles of microbiome science, an exciting and fast-emerging new discipline that is reshaping many aspects of the life sciences. These microbial partners can also drive ecologically important traits, from thermal tolerance to diet in a typical immune system, and have contributed to animal and plant diversification over long evolutionary timescales. Also this book explains why microbiome research presents a more complete picture of the biology of humans and other animals, and how it can deliver novel therapies for human health and new strategies.

Download or read book Understanding the Interplay Between Diet Feed Ingredients and Gut Microbiota for Sustainable Aquaculture written by Vikas Kumar and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-03-17 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Environmental Chemicals the Human Microbiome and Health Risk written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-03-01 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A great number of diverse microorganisms inhabit the human body and are collectively referred to as the human microbiome. Until recently, the role of the human microbiome in maintaining human health was not fully appreciated. Today, however, research is beginning to elucidate associations between perturbations in the human microbiome and human disease and the factors that might be responsible for the perturbations. Studies have indicated that the human microbiome could be affected by environmental chemicals or could modulate exposure to environmental chemicals. Environmental Chemicals, the Human Microbiome, and Health Risk presents a research strategy to improve our understanding of the interactions between environmental chemicals and the human microbiome and the implications of those interactions for human health risk. This report identifies barriers to such research and opportunities for collaboration, highlights key aspects of the human microbiome and its relation to health, describes potential interactions between environmental chemicals and the human microbiome, reviews the risk-assessment framework and reasons for incorporating chemicalâ€"microbiome interactions.

Download or read book Human Microbes The Power Within written by Vasu D. Appanna and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-05 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a unique perspective on the invisible organ, a body part that has been visualized only recently. It guides the readers into the world of the microbial constituents that make humans the way they are. The vitamins they produce, the smell they generate, the signals they create, and the molecular guards they elaborate are some of the benefits they bestow on humans. After introducing the notion as to why microbes are an integral component in the development of humans, the book examines the genesis of the microbiome and describes how the resident bacteria work in partnership with the skin, digestive tract, sexual organs, mouth and lungs to execute vital physiological functions. It then discusses the diseases that are triggered by the disruption of the harmonious relationships amongst these diverse systems and provides microbial cures to ailments such as obesity and digestive complications. Finally, the book focuses on the future when the workings of the human microbes will be fully unravelled. Societal changes in health education, the establishment of the microbiome bank, the fight against hunger, space travel, designer traits and enhanced security are explained. Each chapter is accompanied by captivating illustrations and ends with a visual summary. Dr. Appanna has been researching for over 30 years on various aspects of microbial and human cellular systems. He is a professor of biochemistry and has also served as Department Chair and Dean of the Faculty at Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada. The book is aimed at readers enrolled in medical, chiropractic, nursing, pharmacy, and health science programs. Practicing health-care professionals and continuing education learners will also find the content beneficial.