Download or read book Host Components of Tn7 Transposition written by Owen Hughes and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transposable Elements written by Heinz Saedler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most genes are lined up on chromosomes like pearls on a string. However, a certain class of genes differ by being highly mobile; and the mecha they are termed transposons. Their properties of transposition will be described in this book. nism is the rule, irregularities like a spot on a Where uniformity plain-coloured surface strike the eye. Thus the phenomenon of has long been a source of fascina variegation among organisms In plants, variegation is most easily recognised as irregulari tion. in pigment patterns on leaves, flowers and seeds, but other ties as leaf or flower form might also show characteristics such In 1588, such a variegation pattern was described in variegation. kernels of Zea mays by Jacob Theodor of Bergzabern, a village is so detailed that if south of Strasbourg. The report by Theodor one counts the different kernel phenotypes described it be is looking at a Mendelian segrega comes clear that the author had tion. It goes without saying that Latin-American Indians already bred such variegated material much earlier, but no descriptions have yet been uncovered. Meanwhile, genetically heritable variegation patterns have been described at many different loci in more than 34 different plant species.
Download or read book Transposable Elements written by Esra Galun and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OY (])PONEOYLI TOIA YTA IIOAAOI OKOEOJII Many fail to grasp what they have seen, and cannot judge what they have learned, ErKYPEOYLI OYL1E MA®ONTEE ITINOEKOYIT although they tell themselves they know. EQYTOJII L1E L10KEOYLI Heraclitus of Ephesus, 500 BC " ... everyone that is not speckled and C~T~v: N,;~, 'T,ji~ ,~~~N ,tuN '= spotted among the goats and brown among the sheep, that shall be counted ~~N N,n =,~, c~w=== c,m stolen with me." Genesis Chapter 30 From Heraclitus of Ephesus and later philosophers, we can deduce that observation of natural phenomena, even when keen and accurate, will not result in meaningful knowledge unless combined with analysis of the mind; just as analysis of the mind without acquaintance with natural phenomena will not suffice to grasp the perceivable world. Only familiarity with phenomena combined with mental analysis will lead to additional knowledge. The citation from Genesis, Chapter 30, is part of an unusual story. It tells how Jacob received, as payment for his service to Laban, the bulk of Laban's herds. By agreement, Jacob was to receive "only" the newborn speckled and spotted goats and the newborn brown sheep that differed completely from their parents. Did Jacob know that there was instability (transposable elements?) in the pigmentation of Laban's herd? It is reasonable to assume that Jacob combined his keen observation with analysis of his mind in order to predict the outcome: most of the newborns were indeed speckled, spotted or brown.
Download or read book Tn7 Transposes Into Replicating DNA Using an Interaction with the Processivity Factor Facilitating Genome Evolution written by Adam Robert Parks and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transposons are mobile genetic elements that can move between locations in DNA that lack homology. Transposons play an important role in the evolution of genomes in every domain of life through activities such as horizontal gene transfer, gene disruption, gene expression modulation, and recombination. The bacterial transposon Tn7 maintains two distinct lifestyles, one in horizontally transferred DNA and the other in bacterial chromosomes. Access to these two DNA pools is mediated by two separate target selection pathways. The proteins involved in these pathways have evolved to specifically recognize their cognate target-sites using entirely different mechanisms but the same core transposition machinery. In this work, analyze over 50 Tn7-like transposons and discuss how the molecular mechanisms of these genetic elements contribute to the success of both transposon and host. I focus particularly on the TnsE-pathway of transposition that is credited with optimizing transposition into DNA that is transported between bacterial hosts, and likely explains the presence of this transposon in phylogenetically diverse bacteria occupying a broad range of ecological niches. I show that the TnsE protein physically and functionally interacts with the processivity factor of the DNA replication machinery. I propose that this interaction allows Tn7 to identify insertion sites and to orient in one direction with active DNA replication by a process that is ubiquitous in bacteria. The TnsE interaction with an essential and conserved component of the replication machinery reveals a new mechanism by which Tn7, and possibly other elements, select target-sites associated with DNA replication. These results provide insight into various processes in eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms involving processivity factors. I also analyze specific genetic pathways that affect the frequency of TnsE-mediated transposition, and correlate these genetic effects with protein-DNA complexes that may be recognized by TnsE and could be expected to be commonly found in these genetic backgrounds. The data presented here reveals ways in which Tn7 has directed the evolution of host genomes, and points to ways in which Tn7 might be used as a tool for understanding genetic phenomena.
Download or read book Tn7 Transposition in Vitro written by Roland J. Bainton and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dual Pathway Transposition with Tn7 like Elements written by Michael Thomas Petassi and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mobile genetic elements are pervasive in all domains of life. In prokaryotes, mobile genetic elements facilitate the horizontal transmission of genetic information between diverse organisms as a driving force in evolution. Transposons are mobile genetic elements that exist as discrete DNA sequences capable of mobilizing between positions in a genome. The bacterial transposon Tn7 and related elements in the Tn7-like family are notable for the high degree of control in selection of target sites for transposition, featuring two discrete pathways to different classes of targets - the attachment site and dissemination pathways. In the attachment site pathway insertions are directed to a conserved safe haven in bacterial chromosomes, while in the dissemination pathway insertions are preferentially directed into other mobile genetic elements capable of cell-to-cell transfer (principally conjugal plasmids) to take advantage of horizontal transmission functions. The well-studied prototypic Tn7 utilizes five core genes tnsABCDE to accomplish the dual-pathway lifestyle. TnsABC form the core machinery that carries out the transposition reaction into positions selected by TnsD or TnsE. TnsD is sequence-specific DNA binding protein that directs insertions into the attachment site (attTn7) and TnsE recognizes features of conjugal replication to direct insertions into mobilizing plasmids. In this work, I present a combination of informatics and experimental evidence that indicates this dual-pathway lifestyle is maintained in the broader Tn7-like family by a diverse set of target selection modules. By analyzing the most abundant relatives of Tn7 without TnsD/E homologs, I can propose putative target site selector proteins that appear to functionally substitute for TnsD/TnsE to allow dual-pathway transposition in the Tn6230-like and Tn6022-like families. Next, I establish an adapted pipeline for high throughput transposition mapping with prototypic Tn7 to further investigate the nature of in vivo targeting by TnsE and provide a mapping procedure applicable to any transposon. Furthermore, I present exciting work with a group of Tn7-CRISPR-Cas elements that evolved a system of guide RNA categorization to achieve the dual-pathway lifestyle exclusively using RNA-guided transposition. Specialized guide RNAs allow long-term memory for access to chromosomal attachment sites upon entry into new hosts while conventional CRISPR features maintain the ability to continually acquire guide information to new plasmid and bacteriophage targets. Chromosome-targeting guide RNAs in the transposon are privatized from conventional CRISPR-Cas systems by sequence-specialization and a selective regulation scheme to avoid toxic self-targeting. I can utilize specialized guide RNAs to demonstrate up to 50% insertion frequency to programmed sites in a heterologous E. coli host as a powerful genetic modification tool.
Download or read book Target Site Recognition in Tn7 Transposition written by Kenneth M. Kubo and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Host Protein Interactions with HAT Transposable Elements and Transposases written by Alagammal Perumalsamy and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structure and Function of the Bacterial Genome written by Charles J. Dorman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-04-28 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents an integrated view of the expression of bacterial genetic information, genome architecture and function, and bacterial physiology and pathogenesis This book blends information from the very latest research on bacterial chromosome and nucleoid architecture, whole-genome analysis, cell signaling, and gene expression control with well-known gene regulation paradigms from model organisms (including pathogens) to give readers a picture of how information flows from the environment to the gene, modulating its expression and influencing the competitive fitness of the microbe. Structure and Function of the Bacterial Genome explores the governance of the expression of the genes that make a bacterium what it is, and updates the basics of gene expression control with information about transcription promoter structure and function, the role of DNA as a regulatory factor (in addition to its role as a carrier of genetic information), small RNAs, RNAs that sense chemical signals, ribosomes and translation, posttranslational modification of proteins, and protein secretion. It looks at the forces driving the conservation and the evolution of the dynamic genome and offers chapters that cover DNA replication, DNA repair, plasmid biology, recombination, transposition, the roles of repetitive DNA sequences, horizontal gene transfer, the defense of the genome by CRISPR-Cas, restriction enzymes, Argonaute proteins and BREX systems. The book finishes with a chapter that gives an integrated overview of genome structure and function. Blends knowledge of gene regulatory mechanisms with a consideration of nucleoid structure and dynamics Offers a 'DNA-centric' approach to considering transcription control Views horizontal gene transfer from a gene regulation perspective Assesses the opportunities and limitations of designing synthetic microbes or rewiring existing ones Structure and Function of the Bacterial Genome is an ideal book for graduate and undergraduate students studying microbial cell biology, bacterial pathogenesis, gene regulation, and molecular microbiology. It will also appeal to principal investigators conducting research on these and related topics and researchers in synthetic biology and other arms of biotechnology.
Download or read book A Molecular Mechanism Allowing Transposon Tn7 to Target Active DNA Replication written by Zaoping Li and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transposons are jumping genes that are ubiquitous and abundant in all domains of life. They can move between locations that lack homology within a genome. Transposons drive the evolution of genomes through gene inactivation, expression modulation, and genome rearrangement. The bacterial transposon Tn7 and its relatives are widespread in diverse bacteria, likely due to their ability to control the frequency and targeting of transposition. My work presented here focuses on understanding the molecular mechanism of the TnsABC+E pathway of Tn7 transposition that preferentially targets actively transferring mobile DNA. I was able to establish a sensitive in vitro system for this transposition reaction with purified proteins and gapped DNA substrates preloaded with the [beta]-clamp. The transposition profile recapitulates that observed in vivo, indicating that the minimal features recognized by TnsE to target DNA replication are 3' recessed ends found in target DNA and the [beta]-clamp processivity factor (DnaN). I further show that the TnsE-[beta] interaction is largely conserved among Tn7-like elements; however, this interaction is also species specific. In a heterologous expression study, I found that TnsE homologs from Idiomarina loihiensis and Shewanella baltica only promoted transposition when DnaN from the same host was used in the cell. I propose that TnsE may have evolved to interact with the more variable portion of the clamp to avoid interfering with the normal traffic on the clamp. In an effort to screen for host proteins that may affect TnsE-mediated transposition, I found and confirmed an interaction between TnsE and SeqA, a protein involved in replication initiation control and organizing newly replicated chromosome DNA. Results from genetic studies support a model where TnsE interacts with SeqA to disrupt the SeqA superstructure that tracks with the replication fork. I also show that in wild type background, TnsE is able to direct transposition into the origin region and DNA undergoing leading-strand replication, consistent with the emerging picture that both the leading-strand and lagging-strand DNA replication are essentially discontinuous. These data point to a perspective of using Tn7 as a genetic tool in understanding the replication and repair processes in the cell.
Download or read book Molecular Biology Of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation written by Peter M. Gresshoff and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The core of the text is aimed at the research worker in the field of nitrogen fixation, but, despite its specialisation, does not lose the emphasis on teaching, both as a direct reference book and as a backbone for a graduate course on the subject.The closing part of the book includes a subject index and a glossary of terms. The latter was included not for the expert, for whom many of the definitions will be too general, but for the newcomer; the author hopes that the quick survey of key terms will help in the reading of this book.
Download or read book Transposition written by Society for General Microbiology. Symposium and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1988-05-19 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Very Good,No Highlights or Markup,all pages are intact.
Download or read book Genetics Manual Current Theory Concepts Terms written by George P Redei and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1998-03-31 with total page 1153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1,150 pages contain more information than any other comparable book. It is not a glossary or dictionary or review because all concepts are explained, not just defined or mentioned.Covers the latest developments, usually missed in textbooks and monographs.The broad range of modern genetics, of cell and molecular biology, biometry, etc. are included without glossing over the classical foundations.The hundreds of simple and clear illustrations are vey useful for classroom purposes because they can be drawn on the blackboard or projected on a screen without taking much time to make the crucial points.The cross-references among the entries tie the contents into an extremely useful comprehensive textbook.The concise style leads the reader to the point without verbiage.The etymology of the terms is explained.The text is not intimidating and it is very easy to read because all the terms are explained within the book. Most of the biometrical procedures are presented by worked-out examples in a plain form, rarely or not found at all in other books.It effectively reaches out to non-geneticists without compromising high scientific standards. Usually the most essential features of a concept are presented at the beginning of the entry, and the reader can go as far as she/he feels needed about the logic.The WEB and e-mail addresses of databases and other sources of detailed information are very helpful.A well selected list of about 1000 references, published mainly in the last couple of years, completes the volume.The moderate price makes it a best buy, and an excellent choice to own for students, teachers, scientists, physicians, lawyers and all educated persons who cannot afford an entire library yet wish to be well informed.
Download or read book Snyder and Champness Molecular Genetics of Bacteria written by Tina M. Henkin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-10-27 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The single most comprehensive and authoritative textbook on bacterial molecular genetics Snyder & Champness Molecular Genetics of Bacteria is a new edition of a classic text, updated to address the massive advances in the field of bacterial molecular genetics and retitled as homage to the founding authors. In an era experiencing an avalanche of new genetic sequence information, this updated edition presents important experiments and advanced material relevant to current applications of molecular genetics, including conclusions from and applications of genomics; the relationships among recombination, replication, and repair and the importance of organizing sequences in DNA; the mechanisms of regulation of gene expression; the newest advances in bacterial cell biology; and the coordination of cellular processes during the bacterial cell cycle. The topics are integrated throughout with biochemical, genomic, and structural information, allowing readers to gain a deeper understanding of modern bacterial molecular genetics and its relationship to other fields of modern biology. Although the text is centered on the most-studied bacteria, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, many examples are drawn from other bacteria of experimental, medical, ecological, and biotechnological importance. The book's many useful features include Text boxes to help students make connections to relevant topics related to other organisms, including humans A summary of main points at the end of each chapter Questions for discussion and independent thought A list of suggested readings for background and further investigation in each chapter Fully illustrated with detailed diagrams and photos in full color A glossary of terms highlighted in the text While intended as an undergraduate or beginning graduate textbook, Molecular Genetics of Bacteria is an invaluable reference for anyone working in the fields of microbiology, genetics, biochemistry, bioengineering, medicine, molecular biology, and biotechnology. "This is a marvelous textbook that is completely up-to-date and comprehensive, but not overwhelming. The clear prose and excellent figures make it ideal for use in teaching bacterial molecular genetics." —Caroline Harwood, University of Washington
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 996 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bacterial Integrative Mobile Genetic Elements written by Adam P. Roberts and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-03-07 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As our understanding of mobile genetic elements continues to grow we are gaining a deeper appreciation of their importance in shaping the bacterial genome and in the properties they confer to their bacterial hosts. These include, but are by no means limited to, resistance to antibiotics, and heavy metals, toxin production and increased virulence, production of antibiotics and the ability to utilize a diverse range of metabolic substrates. We are also gaining an understanding of diversity of these elements and their interactions with each other; a property which continually complicates any attempt to classify them. We are learning more about the molecular mechanisms by which they translocate to new genomic sites both within genomes and between different bacteria. This book provides a timely, state of the art update on the properties of an important selection of different bacterial integrative mobile genetic elements and the myriad of different ways in which they move and influence the biology of the host bacterium. The chapters are all written by authors who have undertaken pioneering work in their respective fields, making this book vital reading for all who are interested in the biology of bacteria and the mobile elements they carry.
