Download or read book Horseweed Growth Types and Integrating Fall planted Cereal Cover Crops for Management written by John Allen Schramski and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent shifts in glyphosate-resistant horseweed (Erigeron canadensis L.) emergence patterns and growth types at the field level have generated new management questions. Field experiments investigated the effects of cereal rye and winter wheat, seeded at 67 or 135 kg ha-1, in combination with burndown herbicide strategies or terminated at different times for managing horseweed in no-tillage soybean. In absence of effective herbicides, fall-planted cereal cover crops reduced horseweed biomass up to 70 and 33% at cover termination and five weeks after soybean planting, respectively. Integrating effective herbicide strategies improved horseweed suppression and soybean yield. Delaying termination by Planting Green improved horseweed suppression through the time of postemergence application. Additional field experiments evaluated the effects of termination timing and herbicide combinations for cereal rye termination. Glyphosate applied at 1,267 g ae ha-1 to cereal rye at early (Feekes 6) or late (Feekes 10.5) growth stages effectively terminated cereal rye. The addition of dicamba to glyphosate applied late, or clethodim alone provided less control. All herbicide combinations tested, with the exception of those which included metribuzin, provided similar control to glyphosate alone. In controlled environment experiments, a vernalization period following imbibition of water, but prior to germination, induced horseweed bolting at emergence. Additionally, bolted type horseweed in glyphosate-resistant populations was less sensitive to glyphosate than rosette type. This research provides growers strategies for managing horseweed and insight into the recent glyphosate-resistant horseweed emergence and growth type phenomena observed in the field.
Download or read book Horseweed Management with Shading and Cover Crops and the Tolerance of Two Horseweed Growth Types to Glyphosate written by Justine Lynn Fisher and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Field experiments were conducted to evaluate if fall-planted cereal rye in combination with narrow row soybean improved glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed management. At the time of a postemergence herbicide application (POST), horseweed biomass was 71 to 90% lower when soybean was planted into cereal rye, regardless of termination time, compared with no cover across all row widths. Planting green or narrow row soybean suppressed horseweed through soybean harvest and integrating an effective POST herbicide improved control. Additional field experiments found that in the absence of an effective POST herbicide, horseweed biomass was 42 and 81% lower by planting green or applying a residual herbicide compared with no cover, respectively, at soybean harvest. Similarly, planting soybean in 19 cm rows reduced horseweed biomass compared with 38 and 76 cm rows. In the greenhouse, shade levels from 35 to 92% reduced rosette and upright horseweed biomass 31 to 99% compared with the upright-type grown under 0% shade. Greater reductions occurred under 69 and 92% shade. Differences in glyphosate sensitivity between the rosette and upright horseweed growth types were not due to absorption, translocation, or total glyphosate retention; however, glyphosate retention was 21 and 18% lower on a per weight and area basis for the upright growth type. This diluted concentration may contribute to increased glyphosate tolerance found in the upright growth type. However, other factors such as differences in EPSPS gene expression may also help explain differential sensitivity if a target-mutation is discovered. This research provides growers strategies for managing horseweed and insight into potential growth type differences.
Download or read book Cover Crops for Horseweed Conyza Canadensis L Control Before and During a Soybean Crop written by Andi Marie Christenson and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing numbers of herbicide-resistant weed species require alternative methods of weed suppression to be examined. This study quantified the interaction between various cover crop or herbicide systems and horseweed [Conyza canadensis (L.)] growth. Fall cover crops of winter wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.)], winter rye [Secale cereal (L.)], barley [Hordeum vulgare (L.)] and annual ryegrass [Lolium multiflorum (L.)] were seeded in November 2012 and 2013. Spring cover crop of oat [Avena sativa (L.)] was seeded in April 2013 or rye was seeded in March 2014. All cover crops were no-till seeded into grain sorghum stubble [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Four herbicide treatments were fall or spring applied, with and without residual. The spring non-residual treatment was also applied to plots of winter rye. Cover crop plots were split and terminated with a roller crimper or glyphosate application prior to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] planting to determine the effect of termination method on treatment performance. Soybean was planted in June 2013 and May 2014 and mechanically harvested in October of both years. Horseweed density, biomass accumulation, and soybean yield data were quantified. Horseweed height, whole plant seed production, and seed subsamples were recorded in the untreated fallow control, winter wheat, and winter rye plots in 2014. Horseweed suppression by winter rye approached 90%, levels similar to suppression by herbicide systems. In both years, herbicide plots had less than half the horseweed biomass than any of the cover crop systems. In 2013, soybean yields in herbicide plots were at least 1,500 kg ha−1, nearly more than double yields in cover crop plots. Soybean yields in 2014 were more consistent across treatments; barley and spring rye plots achieved yields equal to or greater than 2,000 kg ha−1. Winter rye and winter wheat reduced horseweed seed production by 60% compared to the untreated fallow control, with no effect on individual seed weight. Seed production varied across plants, with the untreated control producing the greatest number of seeds. Cover crops were successful at reducing horseweed biomass, suppressing horseweed pressure, preserving soybean biomass, and protecting soybean yields when compared to a fallow untreated control.
Download or read book Managing Cover Crops Profitably 3rd Ed written by Andy Clark and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008-07 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover crops slow erosion, improve soil, smother weeds, enhance nutrient and moisture availability, help control many pests and bring a host of other benefits to your farm. At the same time, they can reduce costs, increase profits and even create new sources of income. You¿ll reap dividends on your cover crop investments for years, since their benefits accumulate over the long term. This book will help you find which ones are right for you. Captures farmer and other research results from the past ten years. The authors verified the info. from the 2nd ed., added new results and updated farmer profiles and research data, and added 2 chap. Includes maps and charts, detailed narratives about individual cover crop species, and chap. about aspects of cover cropping.
Download or read book Evaluating Cover Crops and Herbicides for Horseweed and Palmer Amaranth Management written by Larry Joe Rains (III) and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Horseweed and Palmer amaranth are common weeds in Kansas that compete against many row crops. Horseweed can emerge in different seasons depending on the year. Palmer amaranth emerges from spring throughout the summer months and has a rapid growth rate with higher temperatures. Three separate studies were conducted near Manhattan, KS from 2016 to 2018 to determine (1) horseweed control in no-till soybean with cover crops and herbicide programs with and without residual activity (2) emergence timing in KS of eight horseweed populations collected from MO, IL, KS, and KY, and (3) Palmer amaranth control in response to three Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase (PPO) inhibitors applied every three days once Palmer amaranth plants reached 2.5 cm tall. Cereal rye reduced weeds biomass by 78% and weed density by 75% by 8 weeks after cover crop seeding in the fall. At cover crop termination two weeks prior to soybean drilling. Cereal rye reduced horseweed biomass more than herbicide treatments, but after termination weed control was similar across treatments. Soybean yields were greater with herbicide treatments in year one, but there were no differences in soybean yields among cover crop and herbicide treatments in the second year. Emergence of all eight horseweed populations occurred at the same time. Most horseweed emergence occurred in the spring in the first year, while all horseweed populations emerged in the fall in the second year. Environmental conditions were driving factors for horseweed emergence, but horseweed seed source did not influence emergence timing. All PPO-inhibitor herbicides controlled Palmer amaranth at similar levels within an application timing. PPO-inhibitor herbicides need to be applied within three days after Palmer amaranth plants reach 2.5 cm tall to achieve greater than 90% control.
Download or read book Ecological Management of Agricultural Weeds written by Matt Liebman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-07-19 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents principles and practices for ecologically based weed management in a wide range of temperate and tropical farming systems. Special attention is given to the evolutionary challenges that weeds pose and the roles that farmers can play in the development of new weed-management strategies.
Download or read book Integrating Cover Crops and Herbicides for Horseweed and Palmer Amaranth Management in No till Soybean written by Chelsea Marie McCall and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Palmer amaranth and horseweed are problematic weeds in no-till soybeans in Kansas. Integrating cover crops and herbicide programs could suppress weed populations. To determine the emergence pattern and survival of horseweed, a study was conducted across six locations in eastern KS in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. Horseweed seedlings and leaf number per seedling were recorded at two-week intervals. Cumulative GDDs required to reach 50% horseweed emergence increased from north to south. Horseweed survival ranged from 4 to 90%, and majority of horseweed emerged in the fall. Field studies were conducted to determine effects of cover crops and herbicide programs on Palmer amaranth near Manhattan, KS in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. Five cover crop treatments included no cover, fall-sown winter wheat, spring-sown oat, pea, and mixture of oat and pea. Cover crops were terminated in May with glyphosate and 2,4-D alone or with residual herbicides of flumioxazin and pyroxasulfone. By 10 weeks after termination in 2014-2015, Palmer amaranth biomass and density, averaged across cover crops. was 95 and 69% less with residual herbicides than without, respectively, and Palmer amaranth biomass was 98% less in winter wheat and 91% less in spring oat, averaged across termination methods, compared to no cover. Time to 50% Palmer amaranth emergence was delayed with winter wheat, spring oat, and spring oat/pea mix without residual herbicide. Soybean yields were greater with residual herbicide and greater with winter wheat or spring oat cover crop in 2014-2015. A field study was conducted to determine suppression effects of cover crop and herbicide programs on horseweed and Palmer amaranth near Manhattan, KS in 2015-2016. Three fall treatments included fall-sown rye, a residual herbicide tank mix of glyphosate, dicamba, chlorimuron-ethyl, tribenuron-methyl, and AMS, and no fall application. Four spring treatments included no spring application or three herbicide tank mixes: glyphosate, dicamba, and AMS alone or with flumioxazin and pyroxasulfone as early preplant, or as split applied with 2/3 preplant and 1/3 at soybean planting. Similar levels of horseweed suppression were observed when some control measure was used in fall or spring. Fall rye completely suppressed horseweed while the fall herbicide suppressed biomass by 93% and density by 86% compared to no fall application. Palmer amaranth suppression was observed when a spring herbicide application was used. In rye, total weed biomass was reduced by 97% or more across all spring treatments. Total weed biomass was reduced with a spring herbicide was used. Soybean yields were least when no herbicide treatment was used in the spring. An integrated program of fall cover crops or herbicide applications together with spring herbicide applications maintained soybean yields.
Download or read book Integrating Cover Crops and Herbicides for Horseweed Conyza Canadensis L Cronq Management Prior to Soybean Glycine Max L Merr written by Austin Sherman and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Utilizing Cover Crops to Improve Sustainability of Conventional Weed Management Programs written by Garret Brown Montgomery and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research was conducted from the fall of 2014 to the fall of 2016 to evaluate the optimal utilization of cover crops for weed control in no-till environments. Studies included a corn (Zea mays L.) termination timing study to evaluation different termination intervals of cereal rye (Cereal rye L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.), and a combination of cereal rye and hairy vetch cover crops on corn growth and development, an evaluation of a roller crimper for cover crop termination prior to corn study, an evaluation of a roller crimper for cover crop termination prior to soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], an evaluation of glyphosate + dicamba tolerant (GDT) soybean utilization in a cover cropping system, and a study to evaluate the effects of fall applied herbicides on four cover crop species from controlling Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum). Results from this research indicate that a cover crop termination interval prior to corn planting can influence corn growth, development, and yield, a roller crimper is not currently a viable tool for cover crop termination prior to planting corn, a roller crimper can be effectively used for cover crop termination prior to soybeans, GDT soybeans can be readily utilized into a cover cropping system, and that fall applied herbicides can be used with cover crops and aid in controlling Italian ryegrass.
Download or read book Integration of Cereal Cover Crops and Synthetic Auxin Herbicides Into Rowcrop Production and Weed Management written by Ryan James Edwards and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The occurrence of herbicide resistance weeds across the southern United States has been increasing. Research is needed to develop alternative control measures, while supporting sound agronomic practices. Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to evaluate cereal cover cropping techniques along with novel herbicides to determine their value for Mississippi growers. Field studies were performed to determine which combination of cereal cover crops (cereal rye, wheat and oats) and residual herbicides (S-metolachlor + metribuzin, S-metolachlor + fomesafen, pendimethalin, flumioxazin, sulfentrazone + metribuzin and pyroxasulfone + flumioxazin) would maximize soybean yield in the presence of weeds. Cereal cover crop termination methods were evaluated and a partial budget was generated to examine the total costs of growing soybeans utilizing cereal cover crops and residual herbicides. Residual herbicide applications averaged across all cereal cover crops controlled Amaranthus spp. greater than 89% by 28 DAT. Control by the cover crops alone was 67% for of Amaranthus spp. In all cereal species tested, cutting the cover crops 10 cm above the soil and leaving the residue reduced weed numbers compared to other termination methods. However, high production and implementation costs may prevent widespread adoption of cereal cover crops and residual herbicides in Mississippi. Aminocyclopyrachlor (AMCP) is a synthetic auxin herbicide currently labeled for non-crop use, but has characteristics which may make it useful as a preplant burndown (PPB) herbicide. The application of AMCP prior to planting of corn and cotton were evaluated and carryover effects to soybean were also evaluated. Tank mix combinations of AMCP with residual herbicides (rimsulfuron, flumioxazin, pyroxasulfone, pyroxasulfone+ flumioxazin and atrazine) were also evaluated. A rate titration of AMCP and its impacts on crop species were evaluated in the greenhouse. Corn showed tolerance to AMCP except at 0.28 kg ai ha-1 applied prior to planting. Cotton was sensitive to AMCP as rate increased closer to the planting date, but response depended upon soil texture. AMCP impacts on soybean showed greater sensitivity (90% injury) then all other species evaluated. Due to potential impacts on soybean and cotton, AMCP is not a potential PPB for use in Mississippi.
Download or read book Steel in the Field written by Greg Bowman and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book World Weeds written by LeRoy Holm and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1997-03-05 with total page 1158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Responsible for a high proportion of the world's crop losses, weedstake away food that the world badly needs. They decrease thequality and quantity of vegetable fibers, wool, and hides, andinterfere with fishing, irrigation, hydroelectric power production,and the movement of shipping vessels. In order to recognize thetrue magnitude of the weed problem, and to be better equipped todesign effective weed control methods, it is vital to identify andlearn as much as possible about the many different species of thisdestructive agricultural predator. The culmination of four decades of global research, World Weedspresents comprehensive and up-to-date information on over 100weeds--addressing recent changes in such areas as crop tillagemethods, herbicide use, and agricultural runoff. This monumentalwork, featuring a wealth of original data from the authors,provides extensive coverage of the known biology of each species.Each entry contains a full botanical description, plus importantdetails on habitat requirements and distribution, seed production,ecology, physiology, crop impact, and more. Generously suppliedwith dozens of unique illustrations and species distribution mapscovering over 100 countries, this definitive resource boasts anextensive multilingual index of common names, and a massivebibliography with over 3,000 references to facilitate furtherreading and research. World Weeds is a truly masterful referencethat will be celebrated by weed and crop scientists, botanists, andothers for years to come.
Download or read book Biology and Management of Horseweed and Hairy Fleabane in California written by and published by UCANR Publications. This book was released on 2008 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Horseweed and hairy fleabane are showing increased resistance to chemical controls, including glyphosate. By learning about their biology and other control alternatives, you can do a better job of keeping on top of this pest problem.
Download or read book A Guide to Successful Wildlife Food Plots written by University of Tennessee Extension and published by . This book was released on 2008-08-01 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Herbicides written by Marcelo Larramendy and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-01-08 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The content selected in Herbicides, Theory and Applications is intended to provide researchers, producers and consumers of herbicides an overview of the latest scientific achievements. Although we are dealing with many diverse and different topics, we have tried to compile this "raw material" into three major sections in search of clarity and order - Weed Control and Crop Management, Analytical Techniques of Herbicide Detection and Herbicide Toxicity and Further Applications. The editors hope that this book will continue to meet the expectations and needs of all interested in the methodology of use of herbicides, weed control as well as problems related to its use, abuse and misuse.
Download or read book Weed Ecology and New Approaches for Management written by Anna Kocira and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-09-08 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Satisfying consumer needs through the production of healthy and nutritious agricultural products is a substantial challenge facing modern agriculture. However, agricultural production should be carried out with care for plant health, biological safety of products, and environmental safety while minimizing the risks to human health. Therefore, the implementation of agricultural practices while respecting these principles is very important for improving the quantity and quality of crops. Additionally, ecosystems have been altered as a result of human activities and climate change, resulting in the reduction of biodiversity and creation of new niches where pests can thrive. This is of particular importance in 2020, as the United Nations General Assembly declared this year as the International Year of Plant Health (IYPH), with “protecting plants, protecting life” as a leading subject. This Special Issue promotes the subject of plant health and emphasize the importance of preventing the spread of pests, including weeds, which cause substantial economic losses. Research articles cover topics related to the biology and harmfulness of weeds, particularly in connection with crop health, segetal weed communities and their biodiversity, and integrated methods of weed control. For this Special Issue, we welcome all types of articles, including original research, opinions, and reviews.
Download or read book Recent advances in crop protection written by P.Parvatha Reddy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-14 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the recent years, the need to increase food production to meet the demands of rapidly increasing population from a limited land resource necessitated the use of intensive farming systems, with the inputs like narrow genetic base, high dose of fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation, monocropping, etc. which led to the development of diseases and pest. The effect of changing global climate, particularly the sharp increase in CO2 concentration, has increased the susceptibility of plants to pathogens and pests. Because of the chemicalization of agriculture, the age-old eco-friendly pest management practices like sanitation, crop rotation, mixed cropping, adjustment of date of planting, fallowing, summer ploughing, green manuring, composting, etc. are not being practiced, affecting the crops adversely. This has encouraged researchers to look for eco-friendly and novel approaches for pest management. The information on recent advances in crop protection (involving bacteria, fungi, nematodes, insects, mites and weeds) is scattered. The book delves upon the most latest developments in crop protection such as avermectins, bacteriophages, biofumigation, biotechnological approaches; bio-priming of seeds; disguising the leaf surface; use of non-pathogenic strains, plant defense activators, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, pathogenesis-related proteins, strobilurin fungicides, RNA interference, and variety of mixtures/cultivar mixtures/multilines; soil solarization; biointensive integrated pest management; among several others (fusion protein-based biopesticides, seed mat technology and environmental methods). This book is a ready reference for students, policy-makers, scientists, researchers and extension workers.
