Download or read book Hormone Disruptive Chemical Contaminants in Food written by Ingemar Pongratz and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2011-10-28 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, we are surrounded by a multitude of different chemicals that are essential components of our everyday life. As a consequence, there are various hazardous substances like dioxins, phthalates and flame-retardants circulating in the environment. These have an impact on ecosystems, wildlife and possibly human health. In recent years, the phenomenon called endocrine disruption has raised considerable concern. This book discusses the scientific basis of this issue using epidemiological and experimental in vitro and in vivo data about chemicals targeting the hormonal systems. It also provides an up-to-date review of international initiatives (including high-throughput screening, use of model organisms and in silico applications) aiming to screen, detect and functionally test these chemicals. The authors are highly experienced academics and acknowledged experts with both multidisciplinary and international expertise. The book provides an up-to-date, in-depth review of the current field of food safety research describing many of the "hot topics" currently debated. Recent media attention concerning, for example, dioxins in meat and bisphenol A in baby bottles has created a growing interest in food safety-related issues from both consumers and authorities. In addition, European legislation REACH, which requires industry to extensively test chemicals, has led to new initiatives within this area. This book presents a comprehensive overview of the recent international initiatives formed to meet the challenges of environmental pollutants in our food.

Download or read book Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Food written by I Shaw and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-03-31 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rise in the incidence of health problems such as reproductive disorders and testicular and breast cancer has been linked by some to endocrine disrupting chemicals in the environment. The role of food in transmitting these chemicals is uncertain and a topic of considerable research. This important book addresses key topics in this area. The first part of the book reviews the impacts of endocrine disrupting chemicals on health and behaviour, with chapters on the effect of dietary endocrine disruptors in such areas as the developing foetus, cancer and bone health. Parts two and three focus on the origin and analysis of endocrine disruptors in food products and risk assessment. Topics addressed include surveillance, analysis techniques such as biosensors, exposure assessment and the relevance of genetics, epigenetics and genomic technologies to the study of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Concluding chapters discuss examples of selected endocrine disrupting chemicals associated with food, such as dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls and brominated flame retardants, bisphenol A and phytoestrogens and phytosterols. With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Endocrine-disrupting chemicals in food is an essential reference for all those concerned with ensuring the safety of food. Reviews the impacts of endocrine disrupting chemicals on health and behaviour including cancer and reproductive disorders Addresses the origin and analysis of endocrine disruptors with chapters on surveillance and analysis techniques Examines the relevance of genetics, epigenetics and genomic technologies to endocrine disrupting chemicals

Download or read book Sicker Fatter Poorer written by Leonardo Trasande and published by Houghton Mifflin. This book was released on 2019 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A leading voice in public health policy and top environmental medicine scientist reveals the alarming truth about how hormone-disrupting chemicals are affecting our daily lives--and what we can do to protect ourselves and fight back. Lurking in our homes, hiding in our offices, and polluting the air we breathe is something sinister. Something we've turned a blind eye to for far too long. Dr. Leonardo Trasande, a pediatrician, professor, and world-renowned researcher, tells the story of how our everyday surroundings are making us sicker, fatter, and poorer. Dr. Trasande exposes the chemicals that disrupt our hormonal systems and damage our health in irreparable ways. He shows us where these chemicals hide--in our homes, our schools, at work, in our food, and countless other places we can't control--as well as the workings of policy that protects the continued use of these chemicals in our lives. Drawing on extensive research and expertise, he outlines dramatic studies and emerging evidence about the rapid increases in neurodevelopmental, metabolic, reproductive, and immunological diseases directly related to the hundreds of thousands of chemicals that we are exposed to every day. Unfortunately, nowhere is safe. But, thanks to Dr. Trasande's work on the topic, and his commitment to effecting change, this book can help. Through a blend of narrative, scientific detective work, and concrete information about the connections between chemicals and disease, he shows us what we can do to protect ourselves and our families in the short-term, and how we can help bring the change we deserve.

Download or read book Toxic Bodies written by Nancy Langston and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2010-03-02 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1941 the Food and Drug Administration approved the use of diethylstilbestrol (DES), the first synthetic chemical to be marketed as an estrogen and one of the first to be identified as a hormone disruptor—a chemical that mimics hormones. Although researchers knew that DES caused cancer and disrupted sexual development, doctors prescribed it for millions of women, initially for menopause and then for miscarriage, while farmers gave cattle the hormone to promote rapid weight gain. Its residues, and those of other chemicals, in the American food supply are changing the internal ecosystems of human, livestock, and wildlife bodies in increasingly troubling ways. In this gripping exploration, Nancy Langston shows how these chemicals have penetrated into every aspect of our bodies and ecosystems, yet the U.S. government has largely failed to regulate them and has skillfully manipulated scientific uncertainty to delay regulation. Personally affected by endocrine disruptors, Langston argues that the FDA needs to institute proper regulation of these commonly produced synthetic chemicals.

Download or read book Hormonally Active Agents in the Environment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-02-03 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some investigators have hypothesized that estrogens and other hormonally active agents found in the environment might be involved in breast cancer increases and sperm count declines in humans as well as deformities and reproductive problems seen in wildlife. This book looks in detail at the science behind the ominous prospect of "estrogen mimics" threatening health and well-being, from the level of ecosystems and populations to individual people and animals. The committee identifies research needs and offers specific recommendations to decision-makers. This authoritative volume: Critically evaluates the literature on hormonally active agents in the environment and identifies known and suspected toxicologic mechanisms and effects of fish, wildlife, and humans. Examines whether and how exposure to hormonally active agents occursâ€"in diet, in pharmaceuticals, from industrial releases into the environmentâ€"and why the debate centers on estrogens. Identifies significant uncertainties, limitations of knowledge, and weaknesses in the scientific literature. The book presents a wealth of information and investigates a wide range of examples across the spectrum of life that might be related to these agents.

Download or read book Count Down written by Shanna H. Swan and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2022-02-08 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An award-winning scientist, in this urgent, thought-provoking and meticulously researched book, shows how chemicals in the modern environment are changing--and endangering--human sexuality and fertility on the grandest scale.

Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Di 2 ethylhexyl Phthalate DEHP written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Phthalates and Cumulative Risk Assessment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-01-19 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People are exposed to a variety of chemicals throughout their daily lives. To protect public health, regulators use risk assessments to examine the effects of chemical exposures. This book provides guidance for assessing the risk of phthalates, chemicals found in many consumer products that have been shown to affect the development of the male reproductive system of laboratory animals. Because people are exposed to multiple phthalates and other chemicals that affect male reproductive development, a cumulative risk assessment should be conducted that evaluates the combined effects of exposure to all these chemicals. The book suggests an approach for cumulative risk assessment that can serve as a model for evaluating the health risks of other types of chemicals.

Download or read book Endocrine Disrupters and Metabolism written by Yann Gibert and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-20 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Toxic Cocktail written by Barbara Demeneix and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-01-02 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In today's world, everyone carries a toxic load of dozens of industrially produced chemicals in their bloodstream. Not only do these adversely affect the health of adults and children, but also, and more worryingly, they damage the development of unborn infants. The amniotic fluid of pregnant women has been found to contain a variety of chemicals, such as pesticides, plasticizers, disinfectant products, flame-retardants, surfactants and UV filters, many of which interfere with fetal physiology, especially thyroid hormone action. Thyroid hormone is vital for brain development, particularly for the fetus during pregnancy and for toddlers. In fact, children born to women who lack this thyroid hormone (or who are unwittingly exposed to thyroid-disrupting chemicals) have lower IQs and more neurodevelopmental problems. Evolution of the human brain has involved multiple changes and processes dependent on thyroid hormone. The urgent question thus arises: Is chemical pollution poisoning brain development and reversing evolution's most outstanding achievement: the human brain? And if so, as this book convincingly illuminates, what can be done about it both collectively and individually? Toxic Cocktail provides a clear view of how many environmental chemicals interfere with brain development. As a result, this book looks at how we define and test IQ, the evidence for IQ loss, and how chemical pollution and thyroid hormone disruption can be actors in this process, as well as increasing neurodevelopmental disease risk.

Download or read book The Endocrine Disruptors written by Maria Marino and published by . This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, it has become evident that many chemicals present in the environment can mimic, antagonize or alter the physiological actions of endogenous hormones. These compounds have been termed endocrine disrupters (EDs) and defined as exogenous substances that cause adverse health effects in an intact organism or in its progeny, consequent to changes in endocrine function [1]. EDs, even when present in minute amounts (part per trillion), could interfere with the synthesis, secretion, transport, metabolism, binding, action, or elimination of natural hormones responsible for homeostasis maintenance, reproduction, and developmental processes [2]. Currently more than 100 chemicals have been identified as EDs. Within this heterogeneous group of molecules we find: (a) synthetic chemicals used in industry, agriculture, and consumer products; (b) synthetic chemicals used as pharmaceutical drugs; and (c) natural chemicals found in human and animal food. About half of these compounds are substituted with halogen groups, mostly chlorine and bromine, and include dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, methoxychlor, dieldrin, and hexachlorocyclohexane. EDs have long environmental half-life resulting in a continue increase of their global concentration in the environment and can be detected and may concentrate at great distances from where they are produced, used or released. EDs have very low water solubility and extremely high lipid solubility, leading to their bioaccumulation in adipose tissue. Exposure to EDs can occur from a number of different sources: humans and animals can be exposed involuntarily by drinking contaminated polluted water, breathing contaminated air, ingesting food, contacting contaminated soil or even in the workplace. Although endocrine disruption has only received high-profile attention for just over a decade [2], the phenomenon does have a longer historical background. In the early 1900s, pig farmers in the USA complained of fertility problems in swine herds fed on moldy grain [3], and concern was stimulated in the 1940s by reports of infertility in sheep grazing on certain clovers in Western Australia [4]. Over the following two decades, estrogenic actions were evidenced in birds [5] and in mammals [6] owing to the dissemination of the agrochemical orto-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), at the same time masculinization of bivalves and gastropods[7], with concomitant declines in population, was found in the 1970s with the introduction of tributyltin into antifouling paints for the boats, while feminization of fishes was observed in UK rivers in the presence of estrogenic components in sewage effluent [8]. Also the occurrence of genital abnormalities in both male and female alligators in Lake Apopka (FL, USA) were observed as effect of a spill of the pesticide difocol in 1980. After these first observations the scientific community increased the awareness of the consequences of exposure to chemicals which can interfere with reproductive functions [9]. Endocrine disruption in wildlife is now acknowledged to be a widespread problem, much resulting from environmental pollution, and, in the case of aquatic forms of wildlife, from the continuous exposure to these chemicals in the water. Extrapolation of the results of these researches on wildlife resulted in concern that the same compounds could interfere with hormone action in humans. Handling hazardous substances and the risk of exposure to chemicals are a painful part of modern life, as technology and science progress. Moreover, exposure to chemicals present in foods, at home, and at work is an important risk factor for human health, especially since our scientific knowledge is still not sufficient to ensure proper prevention. Nowadays there is justifiable concern that endocrine disruption could be the underlying cause of increasing female and male reproductive problems, thus endocrine disruption is one of the topics receiving much attention throughout all sectors of the society, and the debate between pharmaceutical companies and public health organisms is increasing. Both parts will call for urgent need of more research. The scientific challenge for the future is to identify the relevant real-life sources of exposure of the human population to endocrine-disrupting compounds and to find the appropriate remediation actions. This can be done: (a) by assessing the impact on human health of long-term, low-dose exposure to such chemicals; (b) by understanding the synergistic effects of the copious number of chemicals to which humans and animals are exposed; (c) by defining the variety of underlying mechanisms at molecular, cellular and physiological level, (d) by exploiting new technologies addressed to the remediation of the environment polluted by the presence of EDs, and (e) by designing and developing new sensors or biosensors capable of determining their concentration in traces. The review presented in this book has been written under the sponsorship of the Interuniversitary Consortium National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB) , constituted by 26 Public Italian Universities. INBB is stimulating the research on endocrine disruptors, by encouraging and coordinating joint research projects between its members and those of other Italian public scientific institutions. This book represents one of the results of the meeting The biological and clinical research on endocrine disruptors: current status and perspectives , held in Rome during 2005 from October 27 to 28 and organized by INBB and ISPESL (Istituto Superiore Prevenzione e Sicurezza del Lavoro). The first three chapters of this book review the EDs effects on natural population living in aquatic ecosystems where EDs, due to their lipophilicity, tend to concentrate in sediments and in food webs. The edible mussel Mytilus (Chapter 1), a marine bivalve that can accumulate large amounts of organic contaminants, represents a species of economical, ecological and public health-related interest. Amphibians (Chapter 2) are favourite models for studying various aspects of reproduction, development of the central nervous system and metamorphosis. Moreover, there is great concern about the EDs and the dramatic decline of wild amphibian populations. In Chapter 3 different species of fishes are considered as experimental models to analyze, by both genomic and proteomic approaches, the expression of key molecules involved in reproduction and in detoxification processes. The following two chapters focus on the EDs effects on thyroid functions and on the development of central mechanisms controlling reproduction. Wildlife observations in polluted areas clearly demonstrate a significant incidence of thyroid imbalance in several species. Several EDs are now known or suspected to be thyroid disruptors altering thyroid economy at multiple levels. These compounds may interfere with thyroid homeostasis through many mechanisms of action, at receptor level, in binding to transport proteins, in cellular uptake mechanisms or in modifying the metabolism of thyroid hormones. Chapter 4 offers a focus on endocrine disrupting activity of chemical compounds on thyroid function. The dimorphic control of reproductive functions depends on the ability of the central nervous system, particularly the hypothalamus, to respond properly to circulating reproductive hormones. This ability is acquired during a perinatal critical period, when the presence of different levels of sex steroid hormones in male and female fetuses/neonates induces a sex-specific morpho-functional development of the neuronal networks controlling reproduction. The perinatal stage is thus particularly sensitive to endogenous or exogenous substances that interfere with the activities of sex steroid hormones. Chapter 5 summarizes the current knowledge on the neuro-endocrine disrupting potential of the perinatal exposure to the major classes of EDs focusing the attention on animal studies aimed to identify the EDs action mechanisms and the resulting impairment of the reproductive behavior. Flavonoids are defined as naturally occurring molecules of plant origin, capable of acting as hormone mimetics or antagonists, but also as endocrine disruptors. Many of them have been marketed as dietary supplements or nutraceuticals with health claims, thus leading to significant increase in flavonoid consumption levels in the Western population. Even though several reports suggest for these compounds health-promoting effects in preventing age-related diseases such as atherosclerosis, hormone-dependent cancers, and osteoporosis, the mechanistic aspects of their activity have not been fully clarified and a wide consensus of the pros and cons of their use in humans has not been reached by the scientific community. Chapter 6 presents an overview of the state of the art of the knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying flavonoids estrogen-like activity. Feed additives represent a major issue for the safety of foods of animal origin, as they constitute the bulk of chemicals used in animal production. Feeds can also be a major vehicle for human dietary intake of persistent EDs (Chapter 7). Farm animals ingest these substances with food and drinking water and it is likely that the range of ingestion will increase in the future as growing amounts of sewage sludges are recycled onto agricultural land with an overall increase of environmental contamination exerting adverse effects on human health. Research on how the exposure to EDs affects human health in the work environment (Chapter 8) attracts increasing attention among international scientists. Certain workplaces pose particular problems as regards the potential risk connected to processes involving the use, manufacture and handling of these chemicals, and the type of job that puts workers at greatest risk of contact with them. Some EDCs represent occupational risk factors credibly capable of inducing hormone-dependent tumors. Occupational exposure to EDs is a highly complicated question: risk factors in the workplace must be identified; how they penetrate the body has to be established; confounding factors in everyday environments are numerous, and it is hard to make a definite diagnosis of their effects on human health. Owing to the harmful health effects of EDs, the attention of many scientists has been attracted towards the remediation of environment polluted by their presence and the design and development of sensors or biosensors capable of determining their concentration in traces. In Chapter 9 the experimental results concerning the enzymatic remediation of waters polluted by Bisphenol A (BPA), taken as a model of endocrine disruptors, is discussed in view of the potential application of the technology of non-isothermal bioreactors to the treatment of polluted waters. Also the functioning of a tyrosinase-based sensor able to measure the BPA concentration in traces is presented in the same chapter. These reviews emphasize that many environmental chemicals possess endocrine-disrupting properties, and that exposure to such chemicals can have adverse effects on health and reproduction even at very low concentrations. Great care should be used when attempting to apply these data to other species or real life situations. Indeed only a paucity of information is available on the metabolism and tissue distribution of these chemicals which may vary according to species physiology as well as to levels and duration of exposure. Furthermore, the possible interactions between single contaminants of the complex mixtures present in the environment may induce completely unpredictable effects, due to synergies or reciprocal inhibition effects, suggesting great caution in drawing conclusions. It is hoped that these reviews will serve to stimulate further research on EDs and human health. References 1.Report of the proceedings of the European workshop on the impact of endocrine disrupters on human health and wildlife. 1996, Weybridge, UK, report EUR17549 of the environment and climate change research programme of DGXII of the European commission. 2.Colborn T, vom Saal FS & Soto AM. Environ Health Perspectiv 1993, 101, 378 384. 3.McNutt SH, Purwin P & Murray C. J Amer Veterinary Medical Ass 1928, 73, 484. 4.Bennets H, Underwood EJ & Shier FL. Australian Veterinary Journal 1946, 22, 2 12. 5.Burlington H & Linderman VF. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 1950, 74, 48 51. 6.Bitman J, Cecil HC, Harris SJ & Fries GF. Science 1968, 162, 371 372. 7.Matthiessen P. Pure and Applied Chemistry 2003, 75, 2197 2206. 8.Jobling S, Nolan M, Tyler CR et al. Environmental Science and Technology 1998, 32, 2498 2506. 9.Guillette Jr. LJ & Gunderson MP. Reproduction 2001, 122, 857 864.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Aquatic Ecotoxicology written by Jean-Francois Férard and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-06-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With its 104 chapters, this Encyclopedia of aquatic ecotoxicology reveals the diversity of issues, problems and challenges that have faced, and are facing today, receiving environments. It also indicates ways by which tools, strategies and future investigations can contribute to correct, minimize, solve and prevent water quality degradation. Structured homogeneously, the chapters convey salient information on historical background, features, characteristics, uses and/or applications of treated topics, often complemented by illustrations and case studies, as well as by conclusions and prospects. This work is most suitable for teaching purposes. Academics, for example, could literally deliver comprehensive lectures to students simply based on chapter outlines and contents. Meet the Authors of the Encyclopedia! Check out 'Meet the Authors' under ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (Right menu).

Download or read book Healthy Living in a Contaminated World written by Donald L. Hoernschemeyer and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-03-25 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What causes cancer, type-2 diabetes and other debilitating conditions? Often it's the toxic chemicals that surround us and infiltrate our bodies. Healthy Living in a Contaminated World shines a light on these toxic chemicals and leads the reader toward a healthier life. It describes the health damages caused by specific chemicals, and recommends actions that people can take to avoid exposure to them.The second edition contains new information on three key topics: children's health, hormone disrupting chemicals, and breast cancer. These major heath topics are illuminated by the EPA's report on the effects of environmental chemicals on children; the World Health Organization's report on the effects of hormone disrupting chemicals on reproduction, neurological development, and metabolic and immune disorders; and insights into breast cancer by the Silent Spring Institute, the Breast Cancer Fund, and the book, “The Ecology of Breast Cancer.”

Download or read book Endocrine Disruption and Human Health written by Philippa D. Darbre and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-03-21 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Endocrine Disruption and Human Health starts with an overview of what endocrine disruptors are, the issues surrounding them, and the source of these chemicals in the ecosystem. This is followed by an overview of the mechanisms of action and assay systems. The third section includes chapters written by specialists on different aspects of concern for the effects of endocrine disruption on human health. Finally, the authors consider the risk assessment of endocrine disruptors and the pertinent regulation developed by the EU, the US FDA, as well as REACH and NGOs. The book has been written for researchers and research clinicians interested in learning about the actions of endocrine disruptors and current evidence justifying concerns for human health but is useful for those approaching the subject for the first time, graduate students, and advanced undergraduate students. Provides readers with access to a range of information from the basic mechanisms and assays to cutting-edge research investigating concerns for human health Presents a comprehensive, translational look at all aspects of endocrine disruption and its effects on human health Offers guidance on the risk assessment of endocrine disruptors and current relevant regulatory considerations

Download or read book Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment written by Sushil K. Khetan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-05-23 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment A concise and engaging overview of endocrine disruption phenomena that brings complex concepts within the reach of non-specialists For most of the last decade, the science of endocrine disruption has evolved with more definitive evidence of its damaging potential to health and environment. This book lists the major environmental chemicals of concern and their mechanism of endocrine disruption including remedial measures for them. Divided into three parts, Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment begins with an overview of the endocrine system and endocrine disruptors, discussing their salient features and presenting a historical perspective of endocrine disruption phenomena. It then goes on to cover hormone- signaling mechanisms, followed by various broad classes of putative endocrine disruptors, before introducing readers to environmental epigenetic modifications. Part two of the book focuses on removal processes of various EDCs by biotic and abiotic transformation/degradation. The last section consists of four chapters embracing themes on finding solutions to environmental EDCs—including their detection, regulation, replacement, and remediation. Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment is the first book to detail the endocrine effects of several known environmental contaminants and their mechanism of endocrine disruption. Additionally, it: Covers both the chemistry and biology of endocrine disruption and compiles almost all the known endocrine disrupting environmental chemicals and their mechanisms of toxicity Addresses policy and regulatory issues relevant to EDCs including scientific uncertainty and precautionary policy Brings forth the use of Green Chemistry principles in avoiding endocrine disruption in the designing and screening for safer chemicals and remediation of the EDCs in aquatic environment Includes a useful glossary of technical terms, a list of acronyms, topical references, and a subject index Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment is an ideal book for environmental chemists and endocrine toxicologists, developmental biologists, endocrinologists, epidemiologists, environmental health scientists and advocates, and regulatory officials tasked with risk assessment in environment and health areas.

Download or read book Green Analytical Chemistry written by Mihkel Koel and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2015-11-09 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concerns about environmental pollution, global climate change and hazards to human health have increased dramatically. This has led to a call for change in chemical processes including those that are part of chemical analysis. The development of analytical chemistry continues and every new discovery in chemistry, physics, molecular biology, and materials science brings new opportunities and challenges. Yet, contemporary analytical chemistry does not consume resources optimally. Indeed, the usage of toxic chemical compounds is at the highest rate ever. All this makes the emerging field of green chemistry a “hot topic” in industrial, governmental laboratories as well as in academia. This book starts by introducing the twelve principles of green chemistry. It then goes on to discuss how the principles of green chemistry can be used to assess the ‘greenness’ of analytical methodologies. The ‘green profile’ proposed by the ACS Green Chemistry Institute is also presented. A chapter on “Greening” sample preparation describes approaches to minimizing toxic solvent use, using non-toxic alternatives, and saving energy. The chapter on instrumental methods describes existing analytical approaches that are inherently green and making non-green methods greener. The final chapter on signal acquisition describes how quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) ideas could reduce experimental work thus making analysis greener. The book concludes with a discussion of how green chemistry is both possible and necessary. Green Analytical Chemistry is aimed at managers of analytical laboratories but will also interest teachers of analytical chemistry and green public policy makers.

Download or read book Sex Differences in Physiology written by Gretchen Neigh and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-05-10 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sex Differences in Physiology is an all-encompassing reference that details basic science research into sex differences in all physiological fields. It includes scientific discoveries concerning sex differences in cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal physiology. In addition, coverage of the development, endocrinology, neurophysiology, immunity, and metabolism is included, making this important reference a resource that will meet the needs of investigators interested in incorporating sex differences into their research programs, while also providing clinicians with the basis for providing the best sex-based medical treatment options available. Provides a sweeping, organ-by-organ review of currently observed sex differences in animal models and human disease Explains how sex differences influence physiology and disease Provides the critical knowledge on sex differences for better understanding of prevention and treatment of diseases