Download or read book Horizontal Well and Near well Region Simulation Using Coupled Axial radial Productivity Models written by Jie Cao and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Directional drilling technologies have dramatically increased the application of advanced wells in reservoir development since the 1990s, including horizontal, deviated, multilateral and smart wells. The great demand for highly accurate and efficient well models arrives from the fact that drilling technology has outpaced simulation techniques. The well model, usually coupled with the reservoir model, is crucial for productivity estimation and prediction. The main objectives of this research are to develop a well/near-well model and associated simulation techniques using coupled axial-radial productivity models for advanced wells. The analytical coupled axial-radial flow models were recently developed and described in research notes. These ideas originate from the observation that the axial reservoir pressure gradient cannot be ignored since pressure gradients exist in horizontal wellbores. The analytical models consider both axial reservoir flow and radial well inflow in the near-well reservoir, physically representing a two dimensional problem. These models were solved under both steady state and semi-steady state conditions, using external boundary pressure and average reservoir/grid block pressure, thereby generating the coupled axial-radial productivity (CARP) models. The main focus in this work is to apply the CARP models in the construction of a numerical scheme for horizontal well and near-well region simulation (i.e. the well/near-well model), in which wellbore hydraulics are included. In steady state and semi steady state flow, the pressure solutions are analytical in each grid block and result in curved surfaces of near-well reservoir pressure, contrary to the constant pressure distribution used in the finite difference method. Hence, the new numerical scheme is demonstrated, and proved in the steady state case, to be a higher order method than the standard finite difference method. The simulation results show that the new method requires less grid block refinement to achieve the same accuracy compared to the finite difference method. The CPU time needed for the same grid blocks to achieve the same accuracy is greatly reduced using the new method compared to the finite difference method. This reduces the need for grid block refinement in the near-well region. Furthermore, the numerical well/near-well models are applied in heterogeneous reservoirs and special cases where cross flow occurs. Wide permeability ranges can be dealt with in these models in a stable manner without special treatment. Both the axial and radial flow directions are solved as unknowns in these models; hence the cross flow between the well and the near-well reservoir can be represented. Besides, the new well/near-well model can be coupled with standard finite difference reservoir simulators such that both the well completion effects and remote reservoir effects are taken into consideration. An iterative coupling scheme is used in this research, and calculated examples considering unevenly distributed skin factors also demonstrate the application of the new well/near-well model and the stability of the coupling scheme. The well/near-well model is also developed for anisotropic reservoirs using average reservoir pressure. Based on previous research notes, this is achieved through a permeability tensor used for axial reservoir flow and well inflow equations. This permeability tensor is generated using a unique transformation that converts the anisotropic media into a virtually equivalent isotropic media in the axial and radial directions. This transformation is only applied in the near-well region without changing boundary conditions, and it preserves volume, flow rates and pressure. The cylindrical near-well region is transformed into elliptical cylinders; consequently, Dietz shape factors for ellipses are used in productivity models.

Download or read book Development of a Coupled Wellbore reservoir Compositional Simulator for Horizontal Wells written by Mahdy Shirdel and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two-phase flow occurs during the production of oil and gas in the wellbores. Modeling this phenomenon is important for monitoring well productivity and designing surface facilities. Since the transient time period in the wellbore is usually shorter than reservoir time steps, stabilized flow is assumed in the wellbore. As such, semi-steady state models are used for modeling wellbore flow dynamics. However, in the case that flow variations happen in a short period of time (i.e., a gas kick during drilling) the use of a transient two-phase model is crucial. Over the last few years, a number of numerical and analytical wellbore simulators have been developed to mimic wellbore-reservoir interaction. However, some issues still remain a concern in these studies. The main issues surrounding a comprehensive wellbore model consist of fluid property calculations, such as black-oil or compositional models, governing equations, such as mechanistic or correlation-based models, effect of temperature variation and non-isothermal assumption, and methods for coupling the wellbore to the reservoir. In most cases, only standalone wellbore models for blackoil have been used to simulate reservoir and wellbore dynamic interactions. Those models are based on simplified assumptions that lead to an unrealistic estimation of pressure and temperature distributions inside the well. In addition, most reservoir simulators use rough estimates for the perforation pressure as a coupling condition between the wellbore and the reservoir, neglecting pressure drops in the horizontal section. In this study, we present an implementation of a compositional, pseudo steady-state, non-isothermal, coupled wellbore-reservoir simulator for fluid flow in wellbores with a vertical section and a horizontal section embedded on the producing reservoir. In addition, we present the implementation of a pseudo-compositional, fully implicit, transient two-fluid model for two-phase flow in wellbores. In this model, we solve gas/liquid mass balance, gas/liquid momentum balance, and two-phase energy equations in order to obtain the five primary variables: liquid velocity, gas velocity, pressure, holdup and temperature. In our simulation, we compared stratified, bubbly, intermittent flow effects on pressure and temperature distributions in either a transient or steady-state condition. We found that flow geometry variation in different regimes can significantly affect the flow parameters. We also observed that there are significant differences in flow rate prediction between a coupled wellbore-reservoir simulator and a stand-alone reservoir simulator, at the early stages of production. The outcome of this research leads to a more accurate and reliable simulation of multiphase flow in the wellbore, which can be applied to surface facility design, well performance optimization, and wellbore damage estimation.

Download or read book Productivity and Injectivity of Horizontal Wells written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Low Carbon Technologies for the Petroleum Industry written by Kaiqiang Zhang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-11-24 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reservoir Formation Damage written by Faruk Civan and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2023-04-07 with total page 1097 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reservoir Formation Damage: Fundamentals, Modeling, Assessment, and Mitigation, Fourth Edition gives engineers a structured layout to predict and improve productivity, providing strategies, recent developments and methods for more successful operations. Updated with many new chapters, including completion damage effects for fractured wells, flow assurance, and fluid damage effects, the book will help engineers better tackle today's assets. Additional new chapters include bacterial induced formation damage, new aspects of chemically induced formation damage, and new field application designs and cost assessments for measures and strategies. Additional procedures for unconventional reservoirs get the engineer up to date. Structured to progress through your career, Reservoir Formation Damage, Fourth Edition continues to deliver a trusted source for both petroleum and reservoir engineers. - Covers new applications through case studies and test questions - Bridges theory and practice, with detailed illustrations and a structured progression of chapter topics - Considers environmental aspects, with new content on water control, conformance and produced water reinjection

Download or read book Near well Streamline Simulation Utilizing a Co axial Cylindrical Grid Structure written by Justin C. Pittman and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Borehole Flow Modeling in Horizontal Deviated and Vertical Wells written by Wilson C Chin and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 1991-11-04 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Petroleum engineers, drilling and production professionals, and advanced petroleum engineering students will welcome this important new book on annular flows in oil and gas well drilling operations. It is the only book on the subject presently available to the industry that combines rigorous theory, practical examples, and important applications. The book describes several annular borehole flow models that deal with eccentric, nonrotating flow, concentric rotating flow, and recirculating heterogeneous flow. These models are designed to handle the special problems that arise from drilling and producing deviated and horizontal wells, problems such as cutting transport, stuck pipe, cementing, and coiled tubing. State-of-the-art computer modeling techniques "Snapshots" showing computed velocity, apparent viscosity, viscous stress, and local shear rate for different annuli Practical rule of thumb and extensive applications to real world problems make this an important reference tool for drilling and production professionals

Download or read book Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements XVI written by G. M. Carlomagno and published by WIT Press. This book was released on 2013-07-02 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the results of the sixteenth in a biennial series of meetings organised by the Wessex Institute of Technology to facilitate that communication between scientists who perform experiments, researchers who develop computer codes, and those who carry out measurements on prototypes. The conference was first held in 1984. While computer models are now more reliable and better able to represent more realistic problems, experimental measurements need to be conditioned to the requirements of the computational models. Progress of engineering sciences depends on the orderly and progressive concurrent development of all three fields.The papers contained in the book cover such topics as: Computational and experimental methods; Computer interaction and control of experiments; Fluid flow; Structural and stress analysis; Computer methods; Materials characterization; Heat transfer and thermal processes; Data acquisition and signal processing; Advances in measurements and data acquisition; Multiscale modelling; Industrial applications.

Download or read book Pressure Transient Testing and Productivity Analysis for Horizontal Wells written by Yueming Cheng and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work studied the productivity evaluation and well test analysis of horizontal wells. The major components of this work consist of a 3D coupled reservoir/wellbore model, a productivity evaluation, a deconvolution technique, and a nonlinear regression technique improving horizontal well test interpretation. A 3D coupled reservoir/wellbore model was developed using the boundary element method for realistic description of the performance behavior of horizontal wells. The model is able to flexibly handle multiple types of inner and outer boundary conditions, and can accurately simulate transient tests and long-term production of horizontal wells. Thus, it can serve as a powerful tool in productivity evaluation and analysis of well tests for horizontal wells. Uncertainty of productivity prediction was preliminarily explored. It was demonstrated that the productivity estimates can be distributed in a broad range because of the uncertainties of reservoir/well parameters. A new deconvolution method based on a fast-Fourier-transform algorithm is presented. This new technique can denoise "noisy" pressure and rate data, and can deconvolve pressure drawdown and buildup test data distorted by wellbore storage. For cases with no rate measurements, a "blind" deconvolution method was developed to restore the pressure response free of wellbore storage distortion, and to detect the afterflow/unloading rate function using Fourier analysis of the observed pressure data. This new deconvolution method can unveil the early time behavior of a reservoir system masked by variable-wellbore-storage distortion, and thus provides a powerful tool to improve pressure transient test interpretation. The applicability of the method is demonstrated with a variety of synthetic and actual field cases for both oil and gas wells. A practical nonlinear regression technique for analysis of horizontal well testing is presented. This technique can provide accurate and reliable estimation of well-reservoir parameters if the downhole flow rate data are available. In the situation without flow rate measurement, reasonably reliable parameter estimation can be achieved by using the detected flow rate from blind deconvolution. It has the advantages of eliminating the need for estimation of the wellbore storage coefficient and providing reasonable estimates of effective wellbore length. This technique provides a practical tool for enhancement of horizontal well test interpretation, and its practical significance is illustrated by synthetic and actual field cases.

Download or read book Well Productivity Handbook written by Boyun Guo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-02-25 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With rapid changes in field development methods being created over the past few decades, there is a growing need for more information regarding energizing well production. Written by the world's most respected petroleum engineering authors, Well Productivity Handbook provides knowledge for modeling oil and gas wells with simple and complex trajectories. Covering critical topics, such as petroleum fluid properties, reservoir deliverability, wellbore flow performance and productivity of intelligent well systems, this handbook explains real-world applications illustrated with example problems.

Download or read book Study of Flow Interaction Between Multiple Stages in Long Horizontal Wells written by Pranab Narayan Jha and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerical simulation of flow inside a horizontal wellbore with multiple completion stages is presented. The aim was to study the blocking effect on the toe-end stages observed in long horizontal wells. An axisymmetric pipe geometry was used to model the wellbore, with circumferential inlets representing perforation stages. Firstly, using a simplified five-stage case with steady state flow conditions, the existence of three basic flow regimes - trickle flow, partially blocked flow and fully blocked flow - was established. Using these results, the phenomenon of blocking of upstream inlets near the toe by the downstream ones near the heel is explained. The existence of these flow regimes is consistent with well-log data obtained from a horizontal shale gas well with 31 completion stages at two different times during production. To study the dynamic behavior of the completion stages when reservoir fluid flows into the wellbore, a basic reservoir depletion model was created using a pressure boundary condition at the circumferential inlets, varying in time. A lumped-parameter model was used to account for the pressure drop between two inlets separated by large axial distance. Different characteristic time scales, related to the depletion of the reservoirs, were identified. By varying initial conditions, the dynamic behavior of the system with multiple inlets was observed and analyzed. The transition of flow regimes with depletion of reservoirs is consistent with the observed behavior of the horizontal shale gas well. A simple nozzle design was used to modify the entry of flow from the inlets into the wellbore. The interaction between wellbore stages in presence of nozzles is studied using a two-dimensional mesh with the reservoir depletion and inter-stage pressure drop model. The nozzle opening size was varied to achieve production enhancement over simulated time period. This provides an alternate method of inflow control that could be used to homogenize production from different well stages. This would make use of the already perforated pipe wall without having to use a screen around the production pipe. In addition, three-dimensional geometry of a combustor was used to simulate flow from discrete perforations into the pipe crossflow. An initial analysis of flow through the nozzle design on a single inlet was conducted using a three-dimensional mesh. Mean flow analysis of these simulations and comparison of pressure drop between the nozzle and combustor cases is presented.

Download or read book Petroleum Reservoir Simulation written by K. Aziz and published by Springer. This book was released on 1979 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book contains a relatively complete treatment of finite-difference models of black-oil type rservoirs.

Download or read book A Comparative Analysis of Numerical Simulation and Analytical Modeling of Horizontal Well Cyclic Steam Injection written by Delmira Cristina Ravago Bastardo and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this research is to compare the performance of cyclic steam injection using horizontal wells based on the analytical model developed by Gunadi against that based on numerical simulation. For comparison, a common reservoir model was used. The reservoir model measured 330 ft long by 330 ft wide by 120 ft thick, representing half of a 5-acre drainage area, and contained oil based on the properties of the Bachaquero-01 reservoir (Venezuela). Three steam injection cycles were assumed, consisting of a 20-day injection period at 1500 BPDCWE (half-well), followed by a 10-day soak period, and a 180-day production period. Comparisons were made for two cases of the position of the horizontal well located on one side of the reservoir model: at mid-reservoir height and at reservoir base. The analytical model of Gunadi had to be modified before a reasonable agreement with simulation results could be obtained. Main modifications were as follows. First, the cold horizontal well productivity index was modified to that based on the Economides-Joshi model instead of that for a vertical well. Second, in calculating the growth of the steam zone, the end-point relative permeability's of steam and oil were taken into consideration, instead of assuming them to be the same (as in the original model of Gunadi). Main results of the comparative analysis for both cases of horizontal well positions are as follows. First, the water production rates are in very close agreement with results obtained from simulation. Second, the oil production rates based on the analytical model (averaging 46,000 STB), however, are lower than values obtained from simulation (64,000 STB). This discrepancy is most likely due to the fact that the analytical model assumes residual oil saturation in the steam zone, while there is moveable oil based on the simulation model. Nevertheless, the analytical model may be used to give a first-pass estimate of the performance of cyclic steam injection in horizontal wells, prior to conducting more detailed thermal reservoir simulation.

Download or read book Modeling Performance of Horizontal Wells with Multiple Fractures in Tight Gas Reservoirs written by Guangwei Dong and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiple transverse fracturing along a horizontal well is a relatively new technology that is designed to increase well productivity by increasing the contact between the reservoir and the wellbore. For multiple transverse fractures, the performance of the well system is determined by three aspects: the inflow from the reservoir to the fracture, the flow from the fracture to the wellbore, and the inflow from the reservoir to the horizontal wellbore. These three aspects influence each other and combined, influence the wellbore outflow. In this study, we develop a model to effectively formulate the inter-relationships of a multi-fracture system. This model includes a reservoir model and a wellbore model. The reservoir model is established to calculate both independent and inter-fracture productivity index to quantify the contribution from all fractures on pressure drop of each fracture, by using the source functions to solve the single-phase gas reservoir flow model. The wellbore model is used to calculate the pressure distribution along the wellbore and the relationship of pressure between neighboring fractures, based on the basic pressure drop model derived from the mechanical energy balance. A set of equations with exactly the same number of fractures will be formed to model the system by integrating the two models. Because the equations are nonlinear, iteration method is used to solve them. With our integrated reservoir and wellbore model, we conduct a field study to find the best strategy to develop the field by hydraulic fracturing. The influence of reservoir size, horizontal and vertical permeability, well placement, and fracture orientation, type (longitudinal and transverse), number and distribution are completely examined in this study. For any specific field, a rigorous step-by-step procedure is proposed to optimize the field.

Download or read book Modeling Performance of Horizontal Undulating and Multilateral Wells written by Rungtip Kamkom and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Horizontal, undulating, and multilateral wells are relatively new alternatives in field development because they can increase the productivity per well and reduce the cost of field development. Because the feasibility of these wells may not be valid in some reservoirs, well performance should be verified before making decisions. Undulation is usually associated to horizontal wells with some degrees. Existing inflow performance models do not account for the undulation of the well, which can cause significant error and economic loss. Moreover, some of the inflow models ignore pressure drop along the lateral, which is definitely not true in high production and long lateral wells. The inflow performance models of horizontal, undulating, and multilateral wells are developed in this study. The models can be divided into two main categories: the closed form model and the line source model. The closed form model applies for relatively low vertical permeability formations for the single-phase system and twophase system. The model is flexible and easy to apply with reasonable accuracy. The line source model does not have any restrictions with permeability. The model applies for single-phase system. The model is very accurate and easy to use. Both models can be applied to various well trajectories with realizable accuracy. As a result of this study, the well performance of unconventional well trajectories can be predicted and optimized.

Download or read book Well Performance written by Michael Golan and published by Springer. This book was released on 1987-08-31 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Productivity and Injectivity of Horizontal Wells written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work on modeling hydraulically fractured horizontal wells has moved forward. A literature review on the subject was done and some of the existing models have been coded and applied to example problems for evaluation purposes. Previous work on the elects of heterogeneities on the performance of horizontal wells was continued by conducting a sensitivity study on various parameters that were kept constant in the earlier study. For example, we have studied the elect of gas cap and aquifer size, well location, fluid viscosity, etc. The experimental work on using horizontal wells as injectors and producers in a gas injection gravity drainage process continued. New and repeat experiments were conducted. Work on streamline grids was advanced by considering example problems with highly distorted grids which cannot be directly used for flow simulation. Grid smoothing and domain mapping techniques were investigated to handle such situations. A technique was developed for the computation o f well index with consideration to wellbore pressure drop. A recently developed reservoir/wellbore coupling model was used for this purpose.