Download or read book Homeostatic Mechanisms in Micro organisms written by Roger Whittenbury and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Being small and compartmentalized, most micro-organisms do not have the advantage that many large multicellular organisms possess. Consequently, a whole range of rapidly acting mechanisms have evolved in them. This symposium covered those mechanisms. The 44th FEMS Symposium covered the major environmental streses and the major compensating homeostatic mechanisms, highlighting the parallel strategies that have evolved, as well as the contrasting ones. The Symposium also considered practically useful means for utilising, or interfering with, homeostasis (e.g. use of antibiotics and some organic acid food preservatives to collapse homeostatic chemiosmotic gradiets and inhibition of repair.
Download or read book Functions and Mechanisms of Bacterial Protein Homeostasis and Stress Responses written by Axel Mogk and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-02-01 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cover Image for This Research Topic is Used With Permission of the Authors and Publishers of the Following Article: Winkler J, Seybert A, König L, Pruggnaller S, Haselmann U, Sourjik V, Weiss M, Frangakis AS, Mogk A, Bukau B.EMBO J. 2010 Mar 3;29(5):910-23. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2009.412. Epub 2010 Jan 21
Download or read book Organismal Homeostasis written by Christopher J. Paradise and published by . This book was released on 2016-04-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organisms maintain homeostasis in a variety of ways. In the first part of this book, mammals are shown to regulate their body temperatures through homeostatic mechanisms. The data from thermoregulation experiments that demonstrated the role of neurons in body temperature homeostasis are examined. The second part of this book discusses how organisms allocate the limited energy that is available to them for survival, growth, or reproduction. Excess energy in individuals can translate to growth of populations: if enough remains after survival and growth, it can be allocated to reproduction. However, even closely related organisms may have different strategies for allocating resources that are dependent upon the environmental conditions in which they exist.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of Metal Homeostasis and Detoxification written by Markus J. Tamás and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-07-07 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the challenges faced by every cell as well as by whole organisms is to maintain appropriate concentrations of essential nutrient metals while excluding nonessential toxic metals. Toward that end, all organisms have developed mechanisms for metal homeostasis and detoxification to maintain metal levels within physiological limits. This book brings together current knowledge of the molecular basis of metal homeostasis and detoxification in various eukaryotic model systems, including yeasts, plants, and mammals. It focuses on the cellular systems controlling metal transport, intracellular distribution, and immobilization as well as on systems regulating metal-dependent transcription. In addition to environmental aspects (including phytoremediation), the book treats the pathophysiology of metal deficiency and overload in relation to disease.
Download or read book Iron Uptake and Homeostasis in Microorganisms written by Pierre Cornelis and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, an international team of authors presents a comprehensive collection of reviews on iron uptake and metabolism in various microorganisms including rhizobia, Bordetella, Shigella, E. coli, Erwinia, Vibrio, Aeromonas, Francisella, Bacteroides, Campylobacter, cyanobacteria, Bacillus, staphylococci and yeasts. An entire chapter is dedicated to siderophores and another to heme uptake. The volume provides an expert and timely summary of current knowledge, with a focus on molecular and genetic aspects, and highlights some of the most exciting recent developments. Aimed at research scient.
Download or read book Recent Advances in T Cell Biology New Ligands New Functions and New Translational Perspectives written by Dieter Kabelitz and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-02-16 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gamma/delta (γδ) T-cells are a small subset of T-lymphocytes in the peripheral circulation but constitute a major T-cell population at other anatomical localizations such as the epithelial tissues. In contrast to conventional α/β T-cells, the available number of germline genes coding for T-cell receptor (TCR) variable elements of γδ T-cells is very small. Moreover, there is a prefential localization of γδ T-cells expressing given Vgamma and Vdelta genes in certain tissues. In humans, γδ T-cells expressing the Vg9Vd2-encoded TCR account for anywhere between 50 and >95% of peripheral blood γδ T-cells, whereas cells expressing non-Vd2 genes dominate in mucosal tissues. In mice, there is an ordered appearance of γδ T-cell „waves“ during embryonic development, resulting in preferential localization of γδ T-cells expressing distinct VgammaVdelta genes in the skin, the reproductive organs, or gut epithelia. The major function of γδ T-cells resides in local immunosurveillance and immune defense against infection and malignancy. This is supported by the identification of ligands that are selectively recognized by the γδ TCR. As an example, human Vgamma9Vdelta2 T-cells recognize phosphorylated metabolites („phosphoantigens“) that are secreted by many pathogens but can also be overproduced by tumor cells, providing a basis for a role of these γδ T-cells in both anti-infective and anti-tumor immunity. Similarly, the recognition of endothelial protein C receptor by human non-Vdelta2 γδ T-cells has recently been identified to provide a link for the role for such γδ T-cells in immunity against epithelial tumor cells and cytomegalovirus-infected endothelial cells. In addition to „classical“ functions such as cytokine production and cytotoxicity, recent studies suggest that subsets of γδ T-cells can exert additional functions such as regulatory activity and – quite surpisingly – „professional“ antigen-presenting capacity. It is currently not well known how this tremendous extent of functional plasticity is regulated and what is the extent of γδ TCR ligand diversity. Due to their non-MHC-restricted recognition of unusual stress-associated ligands, γδ T-cells have raised great interest as to their potential translational application in cell-based immunotherapy. Topics of this Research Focus include: Molecular insights into the activation and differentiation requirements of γδ T-cells, role of pyrophosphates and butyrophilin molecules for the activation of human γδ T-cells, role of γδ T-cells in tumor immunity and in other infectious and non-infectious diseases, and many others. We are most grateful to all colleagues who agreed to write a manuscript. Thanks to their contributions, this E-book presents an up-to-date overview on many facets of the still exciting γδ T-cells. Dieter Kabelitz & Julie Déchanet-Merville
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms of Copper Homeostasis in Gram negative Bacteria written by Alayna Michelle George Thompson and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Copper is a trace element utilized by organisms as a cofactor involved in redox chemistry, electron transport, photosynthesis, and oxidation reactions. In excess, copper is toxic; it can generate reactive oxygen species causing cellular damage, or poison other metalloproteins by replacing native metal cofactors. Gram-negative bacteria have developed homeostatic mechanisms to maintain the intracellular copper concentration in the face of changing environmental conditions. For Gram-negative enteric bacteria, like Esherichiacoli and Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, copper is encountered in industrial and institutional settings, where the metal is used as a broad-spectrum biocide. For environmental bacteria, such as the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. WH8102, copper stress occurs because human activity changes the concentration of copper in the ocean. This dissertation contains six chapters, relating four stories of our investigations into the molecular mechanisms of copper homeostasis in Gram-negative bacteria. Chapter I contains literature review and background on the implications of bacterial copper homeostasis. Chapter II reports our work investigating the expression of two E. coli proteins, CusF and CusB, upon copper stress; we show that CusF expresses at a ~10-fold molar excess over CusB. Chapter III describes a collaboration between our lab and Jose Argüello's lab at Worcester Polytechnic Institute, and we show that CusF can acquire Cu(I) from CopA. Our results from Chapters II and III show that CusF functions as a major copper chaperone in the periplasm of E. coli. Chapter IV details our work characterizing a novel protein from marine cyanobacteria, Synw_0921. Although Synw_0921 is believed to be involved in copper homeostasis, we show that it is an iron-sulfur cluster protein. Bioinformatic analysis suggests that Synw_0921 represents a new family of proteins that help marine cyanobacteria adapt to copper changes in their unique environment. Chapter V relates our work on CueR and GolS, two homologous sensor proteins with distinct metal-dependent transcriptional activation; we find that the activity cannot be explained by binding affinity differences. Chapter VI concludes with final thoughts on the intersection of biochemistry and molecular biology in the important process of understanding copper homeostasis.
Download or read book Microbiomes of the Built Environment written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-10-06 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People's desire to understand the environments in which they live is a natural one. People spend most of their time in spaces and structures designed, built, and managed by humans, and it is estimated that people in developed countries now spend 90 percent of their lives indoors. As people move from homes to workplaces, traveling in cars and on transit systems, microorganisms are continually with and around them. The human-associated microbes that are shed, along with the human behaviors that affect their transport and removal, make significant contributions to the diversity of the indoor microbiome. The characteristics of "healthy" indoor environments cannot yet be defined, nor do microbial, clinical, and building researchers yet understand how to modify features of indoor environmentsâ€"such as building ventilation systems and the chemistry of building materialsâ€"in ways that would have predictable impacts on microbial communities to promote health and prevent disease. The factors that affect the environments within buildings, the ways in which building characteristics influence the composition and function of indoor microbial communities, and the ways in which these microbial communities relate to human health and well-being are extraordinarily complex and can be explored only as a dynamic, interconnected ecosystem by engaging the fields of microbial biology and ecology, chemistry, building science, and human physiology. This report reviews what is known about the intersection of these disciplines, and how new tools may facilitate advances in understanding the ecosystem of built environments, indoor microbiomes, and effects on human health and well-being. It offers a research agenda to generate the information needed so that stakeholders with an interest in understanding the impacts of built environments will be able to make more informed decisions.
Download or read book Microbial Energy Conversion written by Zhenhong Yuan and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-05-22 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides an overview on various microorganisms and their industrialization in energy conversion, such as ethanol fermentation, butanol fermentation, biogas fermentation and fossil energy conversion. It also covers microbial oil production, hydrogen production and electricity generation. The content is up to date and suits well for both researchers and industrial audiences.
Download or read book Environmental Microbiology Fundamentals and Applications written by Jean-Claude Bertrand and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-26 with total page 933 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a treatise on microbial ecology that covers traditional and cutting-edge issues in the ecology of microbes in the biosphere. It emphasizes on study tools, microbial taxonomy and the fundamentals of microbial activities and interactions within their communities and environment as well as on the related food web dynamics and biogeochemical cycling. The work exceeds the traditional domain of microbial ecology by revisiting the evolution of cellular prokaryotes and eukaryotes and stressing the general principles of ecology. The overview of the topics, authored by more than 80 specialists, is one of the broadest in the field of environmental microbiology. The overview of the topics, authored by more than 80 specialists, is one of the broadest in the field of environmental microbiology.
Download or read book Concepts of Biology written by Samantha Fowler and published by . This book was released on 2023-05-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Black & white print. Concepts of Biology is designed for the typical introductory biology course for nonmajors, covering standard scope and sequence requirements. The text includes interesting applications and conveys the major themes of biology, with content that is meaningful and easy to understand. The book is designed to demonstrate biology concepts and to promote scientific literacy.
Download or read book Stress and Environmental Regulation of Gene Expression and Adaptation in Bacteria written by Frans J. de Bruijn and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-07-13 with total page 1472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacteria in various habitats are subject to continuously changing environmental conditions, such as nutrient deprivation, heat and cold stress, UV radiation, oxidative stress, dessication, acid stress, nitrosative stress, cell envelope stress, heavy metal exposure, osmotic stress, and others. In order to survive, they have to respond to these conditions by adapting their physiology through sometimes drastic changes in gene expression. In addition they may adapt by changing their morphology, forming biofilms, fruiting bodies or spores, filaments, Viable But Not Culturable (VBNC) cells or moving away from stress compounds via chemotaxis. Changes in gene expression constitute the main component of the bacterial response to stress and environmental changes, and involve a myriad of different mechanisms, including (alternative) sigma factors, bi- or tri-component regulatory systems, small non-coding RNA’s, chaperones, CHRIS-Cas systems, DNA repair, toxin-antitoxin systems, the stringent response, efflux pumps, alarmones, and modulation of the cell envelope or membranes, to name a few. Many regulatory elements are conserved in different bacteria; however there are endless variations on the theme and novel elements of gene regulation in bacteria inhabiting particular environments are constantly being discovered. Especially in (pathogenic) bacteria colonizing the human body a plethora of bacterial responses to innate stresses such as pH, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species and antibiotic stress are being described. An attempt is made to not only cover model systems but give a broad overview of the stress-responsive regulatory systems in a variety of bacteria, including medically important bacteria, where elucidation of certain aspects of these systems could lead to treatment strategies of the pathogens. Many of the regulatory systems being uncovered are specific, but there is also considerable “cross-talk” between different circuits. Stress and Environmental Regulation of Gene Expression and Adaptation in Bacteria is a comprehensive two-volume work bringing together both review and original research articles on key topics in stress and environmental control of gene expression in bacteria. Volume One contains key overview chapters, as well as content on one/two/three component regulatory systems and stress responses, sigma factors and stress responses, small non-coding RNAs and stress responses, toxin-antitoxin systems and stress responses, stringent response to stress, responses to UV irradiation, SOS and double stranded systems repair systems and stress, adaptation to both oxidative and osmotic stress, and desiccation tolerance and drought stress. Volume Two covers heat shock responses, chaperonins and stress, cold shock responses, adaptation to acid stress, nitrosative stress, and envelope stress, as well as iron homeostasis, metal resistance, quorum sensing, chemotaxis and biofilm formation, and viable but not culturable (VBNC) cells. Covering the full breadth of current stress and environmental control of gene expression studies and expanding it towards future advances in the field, these two volumes are a one-stop reference for (non) medical molecular geneticists interested in gene regulation under stress.
Download or read book Iron Uptake and Homeostasis in Microorganisms written by Pierre Cornelis and published by Caister Academic Press Limited. This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Iron is essential for almost all living organisms as it is involved in a wide variety of important metabolic processes. However, iron is not readily available and microorganisms therefore employ various iron uptake systems to secure sufficient supplies from their surroundings. There is considerable variation in the range of iron transporters and iron sources utilised by different microbial species. Pathogens, in particular, require efficient iron acquisition mechanisms to enable them to compete successfully for iron in the highly iron-restricted environment of the host's tissues and body fluids. In this book, an international team of authors presents a comprehensive collection of reviews on iron uptake and metabolism in various microorganisms including rhizobia, Bordetella, Shigella, E. coli, Erwinia, Vibrio, Aeromonas, Francisella, Bacteroides, Campylobacter, cyanobacteria, Bacillus, staphylococci and yeasts. An entire chapter is dedicated to siderophores and another to heme uptake. The volume provides an expert and timely summary of current knowledge, with a focus on molecular and genetic aspects, and highlights some of the most exciting recent developments. Aimed at research scientists, advanced students and other specialists, this book is highly recommended for everyone interested in iron uptake and metabolism, microbial pathogenesis and microbial ecology.
Download or read book Regulated Proteolysis in Microorganisms written by David A Dougan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-03-27 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains an extensive collection of critical reviews, from leading researchers in the field of regulated protein degradation. It covers the role of regulated proteolysis in a range of microorganisms (from Gram positive, Gram negative and pathogenic bacteria to Archaea and the Baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
Download or read book Ayurvedic Perspectives in Integrative Healthcare written by Anika Niambi Al-Shura and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-08-13 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ayurveda Perspectives in Integrated Healthcare, volume eight in the Integrative Cardiovascular Chinese Medicine series, provides a clear, structured base of knowledge which compares Ayurveda with other healthcare systems to encourage acceptance of Ayurveda in the community and within patient care practices. Sections cover the Shad Darshan, body constitution, medical aspects in Ayurvedic medicine, and the connection between material and spiritual aspects and methods for balancing lifestyle for optimal health. This important reference will aid cardiovascular researchers in the study of integrative Chinese and Western medicine with its clear, structured base to guide clinical practice and encourage new collaboration. - Provides a well-rounded study of Ayurvedic medicine in comparison to other related systems for ease of implementation into patient care - Compares mainstream systems of medicine, such as Traditional Chinese Medicine and principles of Western Medicine - Identifies and inspires ideas where future research can develop and strengthen
Download or read book Biogenesis of Fatty Acids Lipids and Membranes written by Otto Geiger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-29 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concise chapters, written by experts in the field, cover a wide spectrum of topics on lipid and membrane formation in microbes (Archaea, Bacteria, eukaryotic microbes).All cells are delimited by a lipid membrane, which provides a crucial boundary in any known form of life. Readers will discover significant chapters on microbial lipid-carrying biomolecules and lipid/membrane-associated structures and processes.
Download or read book Human Intestinal Flora written by B. S. Drasar and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
