Download or read book HIV Prevalence Estimates from the Demographic and Health Surveys written by Erica Nybro and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Demographic and Health Surveys project (MEASURE DHS) has been conducting surveys in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Eastern Europe since 1984. DHS has earned a worldwide reputation for collecting and disseminating accurate, nationally representative data on fertility, family planning, maternal and child health, child survival, malaria, nutrition and HIV/AIDS. DHS household surveys typically interview a nationally representative sample of over 10,000 women and men age 15-49. In recent years, blood tests have been added to the verbal interview to test for various health conditions, including anemia, and more recently, malaria and HIV. MEASURE DHS is implemented by Macro International, Inc based in Calverton, Maryland, and is funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). Individual surveys also receive funding from national governments, as well as multilateral and bilateral donors.
Download or read book HIV Prevalence Estimates from the Demographic and Health Surveys written by Demographic and Health Surveys and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book HIV Prevalence Estimates from the Demographic and Health Surveys written by Erica Nybro and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes the HIV prevalence estimates provided in MEASURE Demographic and Helath Surveys. The MEASURE DHS project is implemented by ICF Macro, and ICF International Company, and funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
Download or read book Estimating Effect of Non Response on HIV Prevalence Estimates from Demographic and Health Surveys written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall effect of non response biases on national HIV estimates tends to be small and remains inferior to sample variations. If adjustments need to be interpreted with caution due to the limited information available to predict the prevalence of non tested people, we can conclude that national population-based surveys can provide quality and representative national HIV prevalence estimates.
Download or read book Assessing the Impact of Imperfect Immunoassays on HIV Prevalence Estimates from Surveys Conducted by the DHS Program written by Mathieu Maheu-Giroux and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DHS Program has supported the conduct of numerous large-scale HIV seroprevalence surveys. Some of these surveys used a testing strategy based on enzyme-immunoassays (EIA) and recent concerns were raised that this algorithm could have led to overestimation of HIV prevalence. The present report investigated the impact of potential misclassification of samples on HIV prevalence estimates for 23 surveys conducted from 2010-2014. Along with visual inspection of laboratory results, we examined how accounting for potential misclassification of HIV status through Bayesian latent class models affected prevalence estimates. Two types of Bayesian models were specified: one that only uses the individual dichotomous test results and a continuous model that makes use of the quantitative information of the EIA (i.e., their signal-to-cutoff values). Overall, we found that adjusted prevalence estimates roughly matched the surveys’ original results, with overlapping uncertainty intervals, suggesting that misclassification of HIV status should not affect prevalence estimates in most surveys. Our analyses did, however, suggest that two surveys may be problematic; the Uganda AIDS Indicator Survey 2011 and the Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2013-14, where prevalence could have been overestimated - the magnitude of which remains difficult to ascertain. Interpreting results from the Uganda survey is made difficult by the lack of internal quality control and potential violation of the multivariate normality assumption of the continuous Bayesian latent class model. In conclusion, despite limitations of our latent class models, our analyses suggest that prevalence estimates from most reviewed surveys are not overwhelmingly affected by sample misclassification.
Download or read book A New Approach to Producing Geographic Profiles of HIV Prevalence written by Oleksiy Ivaschenko and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sub-national estimates of HIV prevalence can inform the design of policy responses to the HIV epidemic. Such responses also benefit from a better understanding of the correlates of HIV status, including the association between HIV and geographical characteristics of localities. In recent years, several countries in Africa have implemented household surveys (such as Demographic and Health Surveys) that include HIV testing of the adult population, providing estimates of HIV prevalence rates at the sub-national level. These surveys are known to suffer from non-response bias, but are nonetheless thought to represent a marked improvement over alternatives such as sentinel surveys. At present, however, most countries are not in a position to regularly field such household surveys. This paper proposes a new approach to the estimation of HIV prevalence for relatively small geographic areas in settings where national population-based surveys of prevalence are not available. The proposed approach aims to overcome some of the difficulties with prevailing methods of deriving HIV prevalence estimates (at both national and sub-national levels) directly from sentinel surveys. The paper also outlines some of the limitations of the proposed approach.
Download or read book Network Epidemiology written by Martina Morris and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2004-03-18 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While much progress has been made on the biomedical front in treatments for HIV infection, prevention still relies on behaviour change. This book documents and explains the remarkable breakthroughs in behavioural research design that have emerged to confront this challenge.
Download or read book Complementary Feeding written by Robert E. Black and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complementary feeding period from 6 to 24 months is a crucial part of the first 1000 days of development. It marks the transition from exclusively milk-based liquid diet to the family diet and self-feeding. During this period, healthy food preferences and feeding practices are formed. The papers in this book were presented at the 87th Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop in Singapore, May 2016. Divided into three parts, they provide updates and recommendations, as well as insights into strategies and interventions, from all around the world. The first part addresses the role of complementary feeding in healthy development, focusing on food types and the timing of solid food introduction. The second part examines determinants of growth restriction and discusses effective interventions in infants and children in low- and middle-income countries. The last part focuses on development and 'programming' of behavioral and psychological aspects to prevent childhood obesity in high socioeconomic settings.
Download or read book An Evaluation of the 2005 06 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey HIV Prevalence Estimates for Potential Bias Due to Non response and Exclusion of Non household Population written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Population and Health in Developing Countries Population health and survival at INDEPTH sites written by International Development Research Centre (Canada) and published by IDRC. This book was released on 2002 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population and Health in Developing Countries: Volume 1. Poulation, health, and survival at INDEPTH sites
Download or read book Aging in Sub Saharan Africa written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-11-10 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In sub-Saharan Africa, older people make up a relatively small fraction of the total population and are supported primarily by family and other kinship networks. They have traditionally been viewed as repositories of information and wisdom, and are critical pillars of the community but as the HIV/AIDS pandemic destroys family systems, the elderly increasingly have to deal with the loss of their own support while absorbing the additional responsibilities of caring for their orphaned grandchildren. Aging in Sub-Saharan Africa explores ways to promote U.S. research interests and to augment the sub-Saharan governments' capacity to address the many challenges posed by population aging. Five major themes are explored in the book such as the need for a basic definition of "older person," the need for national governments to invest more in basic research and the coordination of data collection across countries, and the need for improved dialogue between local researchers and policy makers. This book makes three major recommendations: 1) the development of a research agenda 2) enhancing research opportunity and implementation and 3) the translation of research findings.
Download or read book Comparison of HIV prevalence estimates from antenatal care surveillance and population based surveys in Sub Saharan Africa written by Livia Montana and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comparison of HIV Prevalence Estimates from Antenatal Care Surveillance and Population based Surveys in Sub Saharan Africa written by Livia Montana and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comparison of HIV Prevalence Estimates for Zimbabwe from National Antenatal Clinic Surveillance 2006 and the 2005 06 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book HIV AIDS in South Africa written by S. S. Abdool Karim and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-06-17 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of the book provides up-to-date information on new drugs, new proven HIV prevention interventions, a new chapter on positive prevention, and current HIV epidemiology. This definitive text covers all aspects of HIV/AIDS in South Africa, from basic science to medicine, sociology, economics and politics. It has been written by a highly respected team of South African HIV/AIDS experts and provides a thoroughly researched account of the epidemic in the region.
Download or read book HIV and Fertility in Africa written by Chinhui Juhn and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The historical pattern of the demographic transition suggests that fertility declines follow mortality declines, followed by a rise in human capital accumulation and economic growth. The HIV/AIDS epidemic threatens to reverse this path. A recent paper by Young (2005), however, suggests that similar to the "Black Death" episode in Europe, HIV/AIDS will actually lead to higher growth per capita among the affected African countries. Not only will population decline, behavioral responses in fertility will reinforce this decline by reducing the willingness to engage in unprotected sex. We utilize recent rounds of the Demographic and Health Surveys which link an individual woman's fertility outcomes to her HIV status based on testing. The data allows us to distinguish the effect of own positive HIV status on fertility (which may be due to lower fecundity and other physiological reasons) from the behavioral response to higher mortality risk, as measured by the local community HIV prevalence. We show that HIV-infected women have significantly lower fertility. In contrast to Young (2005), however, we find that local community HIV prevalence has no significant effect on non-infected women's fertility.
Download or read book Introduction to Small Area Estimation Techniques written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2020-05-01 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide to small area estimation aims to help users compile more reliable granular or disaggregated data in cost-effective ways. It explains small area estimation techniques with examples of how the easily accessible R analytical platform can be used to implement them, particularly to estimate indicators on poverty, employment, and health outcomes. The guide is intended for staff of national statistics offices and for other development practitioners. It aims to help them to develop and implement targeted socioeconomic policies to ensure that the vulnerable segments of societies are not left behind, and to monitor progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals.
