Download or read book HIV Interactions with Dendritic Cells written by Li Wu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-13 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given rapid research progress and advance of the techniques in studying HIV interactions with host cells and factors, there is a critical need for a book on HIV interactions with DCs. The proposed book will aim for a broad readership to facilitate HIV/AIDS research and provide a practical tool for HIV researchers to continuously address novel questions. Specifically, the editors will summarize the literature in this field and provide critical analysis and future directions. International researchers will be invited as contributors of the book, highlighting authors who have contributed significantly to the field from different angles and aspects of virology, cell biology and immunology, etc.
Download or read book Effects of Complement Opsonization of HIV on Dendritic Cells written by Rada Ellegård and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-09-28 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dendritic cells are key players during HIV pathogenesis, and shape both the immediate immune response at the site of infection as well as directing the adaptive immune response against the virus. HIV has developed a plethora of immune evasion mechanisms that hijack dendritic cell functions, suppressing their ability to mount an accurate immune response and exploiting them for efficient viral transfer to target T cells. To achieve successful replication within dendritic cells without triggering danger signaling, HIV accomplishes a delicate balance where only a low level of transcription can be sustained without triggering antiviral responses that would harm the virus. Here, we describe how the presence of HSV2 coinfection, which is very common in geographic areas with a high HIV prevalence and almost triples the risk of HIV acquisition, alters dendritic cell state to support much higher levels of HIV infection. We found this effect to be mediated by the STING pathway, which is involved in the sensing of DNA in the cell cytosol. STING activation led to an upregulation of factors such as IRF3 and NFkB that can be used for HIV transcription and a degradation of factors that restrict HIV replication. In addition, we describe how HIV exploits the human complement system, a group of proteins that usually help the human body to identify dangerous pathogens while avoiding reaction towards self. HIV can coat itself, i.e. become opsonized, in complement fragments that are typically only present on the body’s own cells, allowing it to activate signaling pathways that are associated with tolerance. Dendritic cells that come into contact with complement opsonized HIV do not mount danger responses, despite the fact that HIV-derived single stranded RNA triggers the pathogen recognition receptor TLR8. The suppression of danger responses is mediated by activation of complement receptor 3, and leads to an increased infection of the dendritic cell and affects its interactions with other immune cells. There is a lack of recruitment of NK cells to the site of infection, and an inhibition of NK cell killing, which plays an important role in the destruction of HIV-infected cells in vivo. T cells primed by dendritic cells exposed to complement opsonized HIV have a lower ability to develop towards effector phenotype, and have an increased expression of the markers PD1, TIM3 and LAG3 which are associated with T cell dysfunction and exhaustion. In addition, T cells primed by these dendritic cells in the presence of NK cells upregulate markers CD38, CXCR3 and CCR4, which have been linked to an increased susceptibility to HIV infection. In summary, we add to the current knowledge on HIV immune evasion mechanisms that allow the virus to establish infection, as well as describing mechanisms that govern whether dendritic cells mount danger signaling and an immune response or not.
Download or read book HIV Host Interactions written by Theresa Li-Yun Chang and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-11-02 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HIV remains the major global health threat, and neither vaccine nor cure is available. Increasing our knowledge on HIV infection will help overcome the challenge of HIV/AIDS. This book covers several aspects of HIV-host interactions in vitro and in vivo. The first section covers the interaction between cellular components and HIV proteins, Integrase, Tat, and Nef. It also discusses the clinical relevance of HIV superinfection. The next two chapters focus on the role of innate immunity including dendritic cells and defensins in HIV infection followed by the section on the impact of host factors on HIV pathogenesis. The section of co-infection includes the impact of Human herpesvirus 6 and Trichomonas vaginalis on HIV infection. The final section focuses on generation of HIV molecular clones that can be used in macaques and the potential use of cotton rats for HIV studies.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of AIDS written by Thomas J. Hope and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Biology of Dendritic Cells and HIV Infection written by Sandra Gessani and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-03-09 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dendritic cells play the most vital part in inducing anti-viral immune responses in HIV and AIDS among many other viruses. Research on dendritic cells (DCs) is emerging as a fundamental aspect for the comprehension of the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of viral diseases. This volume focuses on the role of DCs in the pathogenesis and immunity of HIV-1 infection. It is the only comprehensive volume on pathogenesis and immunity of Dendritic Cells that also focuses on HIV.
Download or read book HIV Host Interactions written by Theresa Li-Yun Chang and published by IntechOpen. This book was released on 2011-11-02 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HIV remains the major global health threat, and neither vaccine nor cure is available. Increasing our knowledge on HIV infection will help overcome the challenge of HIV/AIDS. This book covers several aspects of HIV-host interactions in vitro and in vivo. The first section covers the interaction between cellular components and HIV proteins, Integrase, Tat, and Nef. It also discusses the clinical relevance of HIV superinfection. The next two chapters focus on the role of innate immunity including dendritic cells and defensins in HIV infection followed by the section on the impact of host factors on HIV pathogenesis. The section of co-infection includes the impact of Human herpesvirus 6 and Trichomonas vaginalis on HIV infection. The final section focuses on generation of HIV molecular clones that can be used in macaques and the potential use of cotton rats for HIV studies.
Download or read book Dendritic Cells and Virus Infection written by Alexander Steinkasserer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-04-23 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dendritic cells are vital to induce potent anti-viral immune responses. It will become clear to the reader that dendritic cells often play a dual role during viral infections. On the one hand they are able to mount potent antiviral immune responses, and on the other hand several viruses, including HIV-1, use DC as a vector to be transferred from the periphery to the lymph nodes where they infect their prime target.
Download or read book Current Perspectives in HIV Infection written by Shailendra K. Saxena and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a comprehensive overview of HIV and AIDS including NeuroAIDS, as well as general concepts of pathology, immunity and immunopathology, diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology and etiology to current clinical recommendations in management of HIV/AIDS including NeuroAIDS, highlighting the ongoing issues, recent advances and future directions in diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies.
Download or read book The Role of Dendritic Cells and Monocytes in HIV Infection written by Shannon Marie Murray and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-12-09 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Download or read book Dendritic Cells in Clinics written by Morikazu Onji and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Great advances have taken place in basic research and the clinical usefulness of dendritic cells (DCs). It has now been clearly established, for instance, that these cells play a crucial role in immune responses against infectious diseases and cancers. Antigen-presenting DCs are widely distributed in the body and regulate both immunity and immune tolerance. Experimental studies have provided important insights into DCs and how they can be used for treating animal models of various diseases that occur in humans. The role of these cells in pathogenesis and the treatment of human diseases is elaborately set forth in this valuable book. Researchers in the field are optimistic that DCs, already in use for treating patients with cancers, soon can be used therapeutically for patients with chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, and allergic manifestations. This volume provides a working definition of DCs and also explains the phenotypes and functions of DCs so that these can be readily understood not only by clinicians but by immunologists, researchers, and students as well.
Download or read book HIV AIDS Related Communication Hearing and Swallowing Disorders written by De Wet Swanepoel and published by Plural Publishing. This book was released on 2010-02-01 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book HIV Interactions with Host Cell Proteins written by Paul Spearman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-11 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of viruses necessarily involves dissecting the intimate details of cellular pathways. Viruses have often been employed as tools in studying cellular pathways, as was done by early retrovirologists such as Peyton Rous in attempting to understand the mechanism of cellular transformation and oncogenesis. On the other side of the coin, virologists seek to de?ne those cellular elements interacting intimatelywiththeir virus ofinterestinorder to better understand viral replication itself, and in some cases to develop antiviral strategies. It is in the intersection of virology and cell biology that many of us ?nd the most rewarding aspects of our research. When a new discovery yields insights into basic cellular mechanisms and presents new targets for int- vention to ?ght a serious pathogen, the impact can be high and the excitement intense. HIV has been no exception to the rule that viruses reveal many basic aspects of cellular biology. In recent years, in part because of the importance of HIV as a major cause of human suffering, numerous cellular processes have been elucidated through work on processes or proteins of this human retrovirus. The excitement in this ?eld is especially well illustrated by the discovery of new innate means of resisting viral replication, such as the work on APOBEC3G, TRIM5a, and BST-2/ tetherin presented in this volume.
Download or read book AIDS Bibliography written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 934 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Biology of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lymph Node T Cell Dynamics and Novel Strategies for HIV Cure written by Constantinos Petrovas and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-02-11 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, more than 36 million people are infected with HIV. Although the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) has led to substantial advances in the clinical management of HIV infected individuals, HAART cannot completely eliminate the virus. This is because CD4 T helper cells, harboring the virus, remain dormant reservoirs. These reservoirs are difficult to measure and are present even in HAART-treated HIV infected individuals with undetectable levels of HIV in the blood. A growing body of studies has revealed follicular helper (Tfh) CD4 T cells, a highly differentiated CD4 T cell population localized in immunologically sanctuary sites (follicle/germinal center), as a major reservoir of HIV. The present Frontiers in Immunology eBook compiles 16 timely review articles focusing on the dynamics of major follicular immune cell types in HIV/SIV infection and their potential role for disease pathogenesis and the viral persistence in the lymph node. This eBook provides a comprehensive presentation of recent published work on lymph node and especially Tfh cell dynamics in HIV infection and we hope that it will be useful for our further understanding of how such dynamics affect the interplay between virus and host as well as for the discovery of novel therapeutic targets in the fight against HIV.
Download or read book HIV 1 Latency written by Guido Silvestri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-11 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume summarizes recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of HIV-1 latency, in characterizing residual viral reservoirs, and in developing targeted interventions to reduce HIV-1 persistence during antiretroviral therapy. Specific chapters address the molecular mechanisms that govern and regulate HIV-1 transcription and latency; assays and technical approaches to quantify viral reservoirs in humans and animal models; the complex interchange between viral reservoirs and the host immune system; computational strategies to model viral reservoir dynamics; and the development of therapeutic approaches that target viral reservoir cells. With contributions from an interdisciplinary group of investigators that cover a broad spectrum of subjects, from molecular virology to proof-of-principle clinical trials, this book is a valuable resource for basic scientists, translational investigators, infectious-disease physicians, individuals living with HIV/AIDS and the general public.
Download or read book Virus Diseases New Insights for the Healthcare Professional 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Virus Diseases: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Virus Diseases. The editors have built Virus Diseases: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Virus Diseases in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Virus Diseases: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
