Download or read book Hittite History and Absolute Chronology of the Bronze Age written by Michael C. Astour and published by Coronet Books. This book was released on 1989 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Hittites written by Charles River Charles River Editors and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-01-11 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *Includes pictures *Includes excerpts from Hittite annals about their culture and battles *Includes a bibliography for further reading *Includes a table of contents "Whoever after me becomes king resettles Hattusas, let the Stormgod of the Sky strike him!" - A Hittite inscription found at the capital city of Hattusa The pages of world history textbooks contain a litany of "lost" empires and civilizations, but usually, upon further review, it is revealed that these so called lost empires are often just lesser known cultures that had a less apparent impact on history than other more well-known civilizations. When one scours the pages of history for a civilization that was inexplicably lost, but had a great impact during its time, very few candidates can be found, but the Hittites are a notable example. In fact, the Hittites are an ancient people who remain somewhat enigmatic, and perhaps little known to most people, but their influence on the ancient Near East is undeniable. From high on their capital of Hattusa in central Anatolia, the Hittites were able to conquer and control a kingdom that roughly comprised the area of the modern nation-states of Turkey, Syria, and parts of Iraq and Lebanon through a combination of brute military force and shrewd diplomatic machinations. Compared to some of their contemporaries - including the Egyptians, Assyrians, and Babylonians - the Hittites were somewhat distant both culturally and geographically. The Hittites were an Indo-European speaking in an ocean of Afro-Asiatic and Semitic groups, their homeland was to the north of Mesopotamia, and it contained no major river like the Nile, Tigris, or Euphrates Rivers. The Hittite empire was also far less enduring than its neighbors, as it only existed from about 1800-1200 BCE (van de Mieroop 2007, 156), which was considerably shorter than most of the other major kingdoms of the Near East. With that said, the influence of the Hittites on the politics, economy, and overall situation of the ancient Near East cannot be understated; the Hittites were a force to be reckoned with while they existed. The sources used to reconstruct Hittite history and chronology are many and varied, and since the Hittites were a literate people who developed a fairly sophisticated corpus of literature, ancient Hittite archives can be used to reconstruct events. Unfortunately, the Hittites were not keen about dating their sources, so most of the dates are dependent on ancient Egyptian sources (Macqueen 2003, 8). The Egyptian sources also provide excellent details on events that either the Hittites refused to mention in their own texts, have not been discovered yet, or have been lost to the ages. Of course, modern archaeology has also helped to fill in the knowledge about Hittite civilization, especially in regards to palace and religious life in the ancient capital of Hattusa. Based on all of these sources, as well as studies by eminent modern scholars in the field, it's possible to examine who the Hittites were, their influence on the ancient Near East, and the eventual collapse of their empire. The Hittites: The History of the Most Prominent Empire of the Ancient Near East traces the history and legacy of the Hittites across several centuries. Along with pictures of important people, places, and events, you will learn about the history of the Hittites like never before, in no time at all.
Download or read book Canaan in the Second Millennium B C E written by Nadav Na'aman and published by Eisenbrauns. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the past three decades, Nadav Na'aman has repeatedly proved that he is one of the most careful historians of ancient Canaan and Israel. With broad expertise, he has brought together archaeology, text, and the inscriptional material from all of the ancient Near East to bear on the history of ancient Israel and the land of Canaan during the second and first millenniums B.C.E. Many of his studies have been published as journal articles or notes and yet, together, they constitute one of the most important bodies of literature on the subject in recent years, particularly because of the careful attention to methodology that Na'aman always has brought to his work. Collected here are 23 essays on the Hurrians, the Egyptians and their presence in the Levant during the second millennium B.C.E., Canaanite city-states, the Amarna Letters, and the neighbors of Canaan in the north, such as Alalakh and Damascus. The essays range over such topics as scribes and language, archaeology, cultural influences, and the interrelations of the great powers during this period. The volume includes indexes of ancient personal names, place-names, and biblical references.
Download or read book Late Hittite Emar written by Murray R. Adamthwaite and published by Peeters. This book was released on 2001 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Late Hittite Emar examines the economic and juridical texts from ancient Emar (modern Tell Meskene-Qadime) with a basically threefold task in view. The first is to discern the chronological span of the texts, and then using the political information of the texts to correlate the kings of Emar with the known kings of Karkemish in the thirteenth century B.C. The conclusion is that Emar fell to invaders considerably earlier than most have supposed to date. The second task looks at various aspects of Emar's social history, in particular whether the ilku-system operated there as at Ugarit, and more than thirty texts which attest both sale of family members and real estate "in a time of distress" (i.e. famine). It appears that Emar was left largely to run its own affairs under the Hittite aegis. Meanwhile, two leading families at Emar largely controlled the traffic in humanity, one being the entrenched clan of diviner-priests. The final section examines the attestation of Emar in earlier texts, from Ebla to Idri-mi, and concludes that there was no previous history of kingship at Emar. A text from the palace corpus which mentions an attempted coup d'etat against one of the Emarite kings receives close analysis, while the final chapter attempts an identification of the possible agents of Emar's destruction, with a particular focus on Aramaean activity in the region.
Download or read book Historical Dictionary of the Hittites written by Charles Burney and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2018-04-17 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hittites created one of the great civilizations of the ancient world, although it remained almost unknown until excavations in the early 20th century revealed the extent and importance of its culture. For nearly five centuries the Hittites controlled vast areas of Anatolia, by direct or indirect rule, engaging in almost incessant warfare, and, at the same time, making significant contributions to culture and religion of the region. This second edition of Historical Dictionary of the Hittites contains a chronology, an introduction, an appendix, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 400 cross-referenced entries on mportant persons, places, essential institutions, and the significant aspects of the society, government, economy, material culture, and warfare. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the Hittites.
Download or read book The Kingdom of the Hittites written by Trevor Bryce and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Translations from the original texts are a particular feature of the book. Thus on many issues the Hittites and their contemporaries are allowed to speak to the modern reader for themselves."--BOOK JACKET.
Download or read book Late Bronze Age Tell Atchana Alalakh written by Amir Sumakaʼi Fink and published by BAR International Series. This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study re-visits the Late Bronze Age stratigraphy, chronology and history of Tell Atchana (Alalakh, Syria) as recorded by Sir Leonard Woolley in the 1930s and 1940s. The author offers both a detailed analysis of the material culture of Late Bronze Age Alalakh and a political history of the region following the destruction of the Level IVW palace. Step one was to understand the way in which the plans of Tell Atchana that Woolley published are to be interpreted, and the implications of so doing. Next the author establishes the correct location, absolute and relative, of the Level IW temples. After this follows an analysis of the stratigraphy of the Levels IV-0W temples. Based on the finds in each of the later temples, new data afforded a detailed study of the find-spot of the statue of Idrimi, now newly attributed to Level IVBF, the first half of the fourteenth century BCE, probably not more than a few decades after the death of Idrimi, king of Alalakh. The same stratigraphic analysis scheme was projected on all the features and structures of Levels V-0W, making the author's approach to Late Bronze Age Alalakh significantly different than that of the previous literature, and significantly revises Woolley's 1955 Final Report and later studies. Detailed new phase plans for Levels VA-IBF accompany this study and the work concludes by presenting consequential material culture data that leads to a proposed absolute chronology of the relevant strata at Alalakh, accompanied by a discussion of the history of Alalakh in the Late Bronze Age. It is hope that this volume will help pave the way for future investigation, and that its implications will be considered not only for Alalakh and Mukis, but for the Late Bronze Age Levant as a whole.
Download or read book The Gentile Times Reconsidered written by Carl Olof Jonsson and published by FriesenPress. This book was released on 2021-10-21 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Gentile Times Reconsidered, by Swedish author Carl Olof Jonsson, is a scholarly treatise based on careful and extensive research, including an unusually detailed study of Assyrian and Babylonian records relative to the date of Jerusalem’s destruction by Babylonian conqueror, Nebuchadnezzar. The publication traces the history of a long string of interpretation theories connected with time prophecies extracted from the Bible books of Daniel and Revelation, beginning with those from Judaism in the early centuries, through Medieval Catholicism, the Reformers, and into nineteenth century British and American Protestantism. It reveals the actual origin of the interpretation which eventually produced the date of 1914 as a predicted year for the end of “the Gentile Times,” a date adopted and proclaimed worldwide to this day by the religious movement known as Jehovah’s Witnesses. The importance of this date for the exclusive claims of the movement is repeatedly stressed in its publications. The Watchtower of October 15, 1990, for example, states on page 19: “For 38 years prior to 1914, the Bible Students, as Jehovah’s Witnesses were then called, pointed to that date as the year when the Gentile Times would end. What outstanding proof that is that they were true servants of Jehovah!” The book contains a helpful discussion of the application of the Biblical prophecy regarding the “seventy years” of Babylonian domination of Judah. Readers will find the information refreshingly different from any other publication on this topic.
Download or read book From Pottery to Chronology written by Adelheid Otto and published by PeWe-Verlag. This book was released on 2018-12-31 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the result of an "International Workshop on the Chronology of the Late Bronze Age (15th-13th Century BC) in Northern Syria (Upper Syrian Euphrates Area): Emar, Tall al-Qitar, Tall Munbaqa, Umm el-Marra and Tall Bazi". It took place on May 5-7, 2012 at the Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz. The need for the workshop was felt by the excavators of the mentioned sites, because a considerable number of LBA sites has been investigated in the Upper Euphrates area by now, but the relative and absolute chronology of most sites is still a matter of debate. The workshop in Mainz tried to tackle the problem of the dating of the Late Bronze Age of the Upper Syrian Euphrates region with the most simple and obvious method. The excavators and pottery specialists of the relevant sites were for the first time brought together. Each team was asked to present its stratified ceramic material and to explain their methods of dating: had the pottery sequence been dated by parallel with another settlement? If so, with which settlement? Or had the stratified material been dated by internal criteria, by written documents or by other well datable objects such as seals, tools and weapons, imported pottery or others? Or had it been dated by radiocarbon or other scientific analyses? The defined aim, which was circulated among the participants in advance, was "By putting together and by comparing the relevant stratified material, it should be possible to discern the consistencies and differences within the material and the reasons for them." It was hoped that the date of the relevant levels and of the various destructions would become evident, when the reliability of the dating of the 'Tablet Building' at Hadidi to the 15th century was questioned and when each mission laid open its own dating methods, thereby avoiding the circularity of assumptions that had hitherto prevailed. This was not only achieved, but it was also able to establish new chronological anchor points for the Upper Euphrates valley.
Download or read book Relative and Absolute Chronology of the Middle Bronze Age Comments on the Present State of Research written by Manfred Bietak and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Past Links written by Shlomo Izreʼel and published by Eisenbrauns. This book was released on 1998 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selected contents of this volume (1998), collected in honor of Anson F. Rainey, include: Daniel Sivan, "The Use of QTL and YQTL Forms in the Ugaritic Verbal System"; Edward L. Greenstein, "New Readings in the Kirta Epic"; Alan Millard, "Books in the Late Bronze Age in the Levant"; Richard S. Hess, "Occurences of "Canaan" in Late Bronze Age Archives of the West Semitic World"; Gershon Galil, "Ashtaroth in the Amarna Period"; Jun Ikeda, "The Akkadian Language of Emar: Texts Related to a Diviner's Family"; Agustinus Gianto, "Mood and Modality in Classical Hebrew"; Masamichi Yamada, "The Family of Zu-Ba la the Diviner and the Hittites"; Mario Liverani, "How to Kill Abdi-Ashirta: EA 101, Once Again"; M. Dietrich and O. Loretz, "Amurru, Yaman, und die Agaischen Inseln nach den Ugaritischen Texten"; Ran Zadok, "Notes on Borsippean Documentation of the 8th-5th Centuries B. C."; Zipora Cochavi-Rainey, "A Note on the Coordinating Particle -ma in the Old Akkadian Letter Greeting Formula"; Ignacio Marquez Rowe, "Notes on the Hurro-Akkadian of Alalah in the Mid-Second Millennium B.C.E." Israel Oriental Studies has ceased publication with volume 20.
Download or read book Hittite Studies in Honor of Harry A Hoffner Jr written by Harry A. Hoffner and published by Eisenbrauns. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A tribute to America's preeminent scholar of Hittite language and culture, Professor Harry A. Hoffner, Jr., of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. The thirty-four contributors, students, and colleagues treat topics as diverse as Hittite contacts with the Mycenaean Greeks, the topography of the Hittite capital, and various aspects of Hittite grammar and etymology.
Download or read book The Hittites and Their World written by Billie Jean Collins and published by Society of Biblical Lit. This book was released on 2012-11-01 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lost to history for millennia, the Hittites have regained their position among the great civilizations of the Late Bronze Age Near East, thanks to a century of archaeological discovery and philological investigation. The Hittites and Their World provides a concise, current, and engaging introduction to the history, society, and religion of this Anatolian empire, taking the reader from its beginnings in the period of the Assyrian Colonies in the nineteenth century B.C.E. to the eclipse of the Neo-Hittite cities at the end of the eighth century B.C.E. The numerous analogues with the biblical world featured throughout the volume together represent a comprehensive and up-to-date survey of the varied and significant contributions of Hittite studies to biblical interpretation.
Download or read book Hittite Landscape and Geography written by Mark Weeden and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2022-05-20 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hittite Landscape and Geography provides a holistic geographical perspective on the study of the Late Bronze Age Hittite Civilization from Anatolia (Turkey) both as it is represented in Hittite texts and modern archaeology.
Download or read book A Handbook of Archaeology The transitional age written by Homer L. Thomas and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East written by Karen Radner and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-13 with total page 1001 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This groundbreaking, five-volume series offers a comprehensive, fully illustrated history of Egypt and Western Asia (the Levant, Anatolia, Mesopotamia, and Iran), from the emergence of complex states to the conquest of Alexander the Great. Written by a diverse, international team of leading scholars whose expertise brings to life the people, places, and times of the remote past, the volumes in this series focus firmly on the political and social histories of the states and communities of the ancient Near East. Individual chapters present the key textual and material sources underpinning the historical reconstruction, paying particular attention to the most recent archaeological finds and their impact on our historical understanding of the periods surveyed. The third volume examines the period from 1600 to 1100 BC or in archaeological terms, the Late Bronze Age. Twelve chapters survey the history of the Near East and discuss the Hyksos state of Lower Egypt, Upper Egypt, and the Nubian kingdom of Kerma prior to the unification that resulted in the creation of the New Kingdom, the geo-political super power of the period. Contemporary imperial powers-the Hittites in Central Anatolia and Mittani in Upper Mesopotamia-are discussed, as are the appearance and growth of Assyria, the kingdom of Kassite Babylonia, the Elamites of southwestern Iran, and the Mycenaeans in the Aegean. Beyond the narrative history of each region considered, the volume treats a wide range of critical topics, including the absolute chronology; state formation and disintegration; the role of kingship, cult practice, and material culture in the creation and maintenance of social hierarchies; and long-distance trade-both terrestrial and maritime-as a vital factor in the creation of social, political, and economic networks that bridged deserts, oceans, and mountain ranges, binding together the extraordinarily diverse peoples and polities of Sub-Saharan Africa, the Near East, and Central Asia.
Download or read book Dynastic Lycia written by Antony. G. Keen and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2018-07-17 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume deals with the history of Lycia in the Achaemenid period, the time of its most famous monuments, discussing all the evidence that can be used in the reconstruction. It is the first book-length treatment in English of Lycia that focuses on historical matters. The first four synchronic chapters deal with general aspects of the Lycian political set-up. The remaining nine chapters take the reader through a detailed examination of the history of the period. Because of the Lycians strategically important location between the Aegean and the eastern Mediterranean, this work is important for understanding the wider interaction of the Achaemenid Persian empire and the Greek world.
