Download or read book History of the Office of the Secretary of Defense Volume Three Strategy Money and the New Look 1953 1956 Covering Atomic Weapons Korean War Soviet Nuclear Threat and the ICBM Missile written by Department of Defense and published by . This book was released on 2018-03-06 with total page 681 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication, Volume III of the History of the Office of the Secretary of Defense, is concerned with the first three and a half years of the Eisenhower administration--1953-1956. The hallmark of these years was the constant struggle of the administration to hold down the cost of national defense and balance that cost against an array of post-Korea cold war challenges. For President Eisenhower the budget balancing priority was almost an obsession. His firm belief that a sound and fundamental economy was the bedrock on which all national policy had to be based manifested itself powerfully in all considerations of the national budget, and especially in the national defense budget, the dominant element. This volume, therefore, seeks to demonstrate and develop the interlocking relationship between the economy, strategy, and money in the making of a national security policy that came to be known as the New Look.The New Look had its antecedent in the immediate pre-Korean War policies of the Truman administration, which had begun to emphasize the role of airpower and nuclear weapons in an effort to diminish reliance on the manpower-intensive ground forces and hold down the cost of national defense. The Korean War frustrated the overt implementation of this policy because of its demands for large ground forces, but important advances occurred in the buildup of strategic nuclear airpower during the war that would facilitate that transformation. Thus, for its New Look strategic air component, the Eisenhower administration inherited and embraced, within the constraints of the budget, needed essential elements--a fast-growing Strategic Air Command being equipped with jet bombers, rapidly expanding stockpiles of nuclear weapons, beginnings of ballistic missile development, and revolutionary advances in electronics. All of these could make it possible for the New Look to fulfill its widely perceived promise of a "bigger bang for a buck."The author has organized and shaped his account of these years with the budget at the center, around which revolved issues of strategy, technology, interservice competition, and the state of the national economy This approach affords an illuminating and near-exhaustive examination of the total budget process--from the earliest planning and consideration to the final executive branch determination and through the sometimes comprehensive congressional reviews before becoming law. Strategy, Money, and the New Look offers a revealing picture not only of the key dynamic in national security decisionmaking during the Eisenhower era, but of the central and dominant role that is generally played by the budget in forming government policies.Atomic Weapons and the End of the Korean War * I. New Bosses in the E Ring * II. Reorganizing Defense * III. Management and Budget * Hoover Commission Reforms * IV. Shrinking the Truman Budget * V. Defense Goes to Capitol Hill: The FY 1954 Budget * General Vandenberg's Day in Court * VI. Debating Defense of the Continental Vitals * Continental Defense Joins the System * VII. Economy and Strategy Decoupled: The October 1953 Budget Crisis * Redeployment, Nuclear Weapons, and the Soviet Threat * VIII. Cutting Manpower * IX. Containment's New Testament * Soviet Threat, Free World Weakness * New Emphasis on Retaliation * Reduction of the Soviet Threat * Nuclear Weapons and Redeployment * X. The New Look Takes Form * Massive Retaliation * XI. Congress and the New Look: FY 1955 * XII. Basic Strategy and the FY 1956 Budget: Pressures to Expand * XIII. Continental Defense: Ambivalence Compounded * The Growing Nuclear Threat * XIV. Basic Strategy and the FY 1956 Budget: Decision to Retrench * XV. Updating Basic National Security Policy: NSC 5501 and the Soft Line * XVI. Congress and the FY 1956 Budget * The Senate: Symington Wins One for the Marines * XVII. The 1955 Bomber Gap Flap * The Moscow Flybys * Publicity Firestorm * B-52 Acceleration * The Sci-Tech Threat

Download or read book Strategy Money and the New Look 1953 1956 written by Richard M. Leighton and published by Office of the Secretary, Historical Office. This book was released on 2001 with total page 838 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the role of Office of the Secretary of Defense and Secretary Charles E. Wilson in the transformation of national security policy during the first Eisenhower administration. Includes bibliography and index.

Download or read book History of the Office of the Secretary of Defense Strategy money and the New Look 1953 1956 written by Alfred Goldberg and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 838 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book History of the Office of the Secretary of Defense Volume 3 Strategy Money and the New Look 1953 1956 written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 827 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication, Volume III of the History of the Office of the Secretary of Defense, is concerned with the first three and a half years of the Eisenhower administration-1953-1956. The hallmark of these years was the constant struggle of the administration to hold down the cost of national defense and balance that cost against an array of post-Korea cold war challenges. For President Eisenhower the budget balancing priority was almost an obsession. His firm belief that a sound and fundamental economy was the bedrock on which all national policy had to be based manifested itself powerfully in all considerations of the national budget, and especially in the national defense budget, the dominant element. This volume, therefore, seeks to demonstrate and develop the interlocking relationship between the economy, strategy, and money in the making of a national security policy that came to be known as the New Look. The New Look had its antecedent in the immediate pre-Korean War policies of the Truman administration, which had begun to emphasize the role of airpower and nuclear weapons in an effort to diminish reliance on the manpower-intensive ground forces and hold down the cost of national defense. The Korean War frustrated the overt implementation of this policy because of its demands for large ground forces, but important advances occurred in the buildup of strategic nuclear airpower during the war that would facilitate that transformation. Thus, for its New Look strategic air component, the Eisenhower administration inherited and embraced, within the constraints of the budget, needed essential elements-a fast-growing Strategic Air Command being equipped with jet bombers, rapidly expanding stockpiles of nuclear weapons, beginnings of ballistic missile development, and revolutionary advances in electronics. All of these could make it possible for the New Look to fulfill its widely perceived promise of a "bigger bang for a buck."

Download or read book History of the Office of the Secretary of Defense written by Steven L. Rearden and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The McNamara Ascendancy 1961 1965 written by Lawrence S. Kaplan and published by Office of the Secretary, Historical Office. This book was released on 2006 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A narrative history and assessment of the early years of Robert McNamara's tenure as Secretary of Defense, including McNamara's relationship with Presidents Kennedy and Johnson, the transformation of the Department of Defense as a part of Kennedy's New Frontier, and the Pentagon's handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis, Bay of Pigs episode, and onset of the Vietnam War along with other major national security events and developments during a turbulent and momentous period of the Cold War. (Fuller description is on the dust jacket flaps.)

Download or read book Intelligence Revolution 1960 written by Ingard Clausen and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overview: Provides a history of the Corona Satellite photo reconnaissance Program. It was a joint Central Intelligence Agency and United States Air Force program in the 1960s. It was then highly classified.

Download or read book Defense s Nuclear Agency 1947 1997 DTRA History Series written by Defense Threat Reduction Agency and published by Militarybookshop.CompanyUK. This book was released on 2003-09 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This official history was originally printed in very small numbers in 2002. "Defense's Nuclear Agency, 1947-1997" traces the development of the Armed Forces Special Weapons Project (AFSWP), and its descendant government organizations, from its original founding in 1947 to 1997. After the disestablishment of the Manhattan Engineering District (MED) in 1947, AFSWP was formed to provide military training in nuclear weapons' operations. Over the years, its sequential descendant organizations have been the Defense Atomic Support Agency (DASA) from 1959 to 1971, the Defense Nuclear Agency (DNA) from 1971 to 1996, and the Defense Special Weapons Agency (DSWA) from 1996 to 1998. In 1998, DSWA, the On-Site Inspection Agency, the Defense Technology Security Administration, and selected elements of the Office of Secretary of Defense were combined to form the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA).

Download or read book History of the Office of the Secretary of Defense Strategy money and the new look 1953 1956 written by Alfred Goldberg and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Harold Brown written by Edward Coltrin Keefer and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2018 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Author Edward Keefer chronicles and analyses the tenure of Secretary of Defense Harold Brown, who worked to counter the Soviet Union's growing military strength during the administration of President Jimmy Carter. Flush with cash from oil and gas development, the Soviets came closest to matching the United States in strategic power than at any other point in the Cold War, threatening to make the U.S. land-based missile force vulnerable to a first strike. By most reckonings the Kremlin also surpassed the West in conventional arms and forces in Central Europe, creating a direct threat to NATO. In response, Brown, a nuclear physicist, advocated for the development of more technologically advanced weapon systems to offset the Soviet military advantage, but faced Carter's efforts to reign in the defense budget. Eventually the secretary, backed by the JCS, the national security adviser, and key members of Congress, persuaded a reluctant Carter to increase defense spending for the last two years of his term. As a result weapons development such as stealth technology, precision-guided bombs, and cruise missiles went forward. These initiatives and more provided a head start for the acclaimed Ronald Reagan revolution in defense. As the author points out, there was more continuity than contrast in defense policy between Carter and Reagan. The book also highlights Brown's policymaking efforts and his influence on Carter as the administration responded to international events such as the Middle East peace process, the Iran revolution and hostage crisis, the rise of radical Islam, negotiations with the Soviets over arms limitations, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, and the creation of a new security framework in the Persian Gulf region. Other topics cover policy toward Latin America Africa, China, and Southeast Asia. The book is also a history of the Defense Department, including the continual development of the All-Volunteer Force and the organizational changes that saw improved policy formulation and acquisition decisions. Political strategists, political scientists, international relations scholars, foreign policy advocates, historians, and political economists may be interested in this comprehensive historical reference for United States defense and foreign policy under the James (Jimmy) Carter administration. High school students pursuing research for essays and term papers for Government, Modern World History, and United States History may be interested in this resource. Additionally, undergraduate and graduate level students may be interested in this authoritative resource for research relating to international relations, public administration, military science, public policy economics, and introduction to political theory courses. Related products: Presidential History resources collection is available here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/presidential-history Other resources relating to the President James (Jimmy) Carter administration can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/39-jimmy-carter Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS) series resources can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/foreign-relations-united-states-series-frus Other published works by the US Department of Defense, Office of the Secretary of Defense can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/agency/office-secretary-defense

Download or read book History of the Office of the Secretary of Defense Volume Two the Test of War 1950 1953 Pentagon s Role in the Korean War the Recall of MacArthur Hydrogen Bomb Truman and NATO written by Department of Defense and published by . This book was released on 2018-03-06 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Test of War, the second volume in the comprehensive History of the Office of the Secretary of Defense, follows the evolution of OSD from the outbreak of the Korean War in June 1950 to the end of the Truman presidency in January 1953- Like the first volume in the series (The Formative Years, 1947-1950), the present one focuses on the secretaries of defense, their staffs, and OSD's administration of the Pentagon and examines, beyond OSD and the Department of Defense, the larger framework of national security organization and policy that involved the White House, Congress, and other agencies of the government. As the central event of this period, the Korean War tested the mettle of officials and institutions throughout the national security establishment, but nowhere more acutely than in the E-ring offices of the Pentagon leadership. The Korean-era secretaries of defense--Louis Johnson. George Marshall, and Robert Lovett--confronted a maze of problems relating to strategy, budgets, manpower, weapons development, and service roles and missions. Operating under wartime pressures while attempting to manage a department on-lv recently created and still undergoing major adjustments, they faced a formidable agenda made even more difficult by domestic political and economic constraints that narrowed the options available to them. In a narrative rich in both documentary-detail and broad-brush perspective, The Test of War assesses how well the secretaries met these challenges. Success or failure depended not only on their effectiveness in managing the Pentagon bureaucracy, in particular their interaction with the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the still parochial-minded military services, but also on their relationship with Truman, Secretary of State Dean Acheson. and a contentious Congress unhappy over the firing of MacArthur, the pace of mobilization, and the progress of the war generally.Korea, of course, was the flash point for a much wider struggle unfolding during this time, the effort by the United States to contain the expansionist activities of the Soviet Union and communism. As the conflict in the Far East dragged on seemingly indefinitely, officials in Washington turned their attention increasingly to Europe and the strengthening of the Western alliance. Much of the book deals with the shaping of NATO and the related subject of military assistance.In a thoughtful conclusion, The Test of War observes that the precedents established in these seminal years--the beginnings of a military-industrial complex, the changing strategic formulations that allowed for reliance on nuclear as well as conventional weapons, the sharp debate over European vs. Asian priorities, and, above all, the staunch and expensive commitment to containment--would influence national security policy and the U.S. defense effort for the remainder of the century.I. Prelude to War * II. The Role of the Pentagon * III. The North Korean Attack * A Divided Korea * Combating Aggression * The United Nations Command * Finding U.S. Troops for Korea * Defeat of the North Koreans * IV. The Chinese Entry into the War * Early Views of Chinese Intentions * The Northern Borders * Enemy Sanctuary and MacArthur's Mission * Continuing the UN Ground Offensive * Response to Defeat * The Question of a Cease-Fire * V. A Policy of Limited War * A New Toughness * Across the 38th Again * Recall of MacArthur * Ridgway and Military Policy * VI. Fighting But Talking * The Start of the Talks: An Agenda * A Military Demarcation Line * Ground Operations * A Challenge to Air Superiority * VII. The Prisoners of War * The Major Issue--Repatriation * Recessing the Negotiations * VIII. The Final Round * The Protracted War * The Ammunition Problem * IX. Formosa: A Reversal of Policy * Neutralization and Assistance * Effects of the Chinese Intervention in Korea * X. Japan: A New Relationship * Situation in June 1950 * A State-Defense Agreement * Effect of Chinese Intervention in Korea

Download or read book A Concise History of the U S Air Force written by Stephen Lee McFarland and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 1997 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Except in a few instances, since World War II no American soldier or sailor has been attacked by enemy air power. Conversely, no enemy soldier orsailor has acted in combat without being attacked or at least threatened by American air power. Aviators have brought the air weapon to bear against enemies while denying them the same prerogative. This is the legacy of the U.S. AirForce, purchased at great cost in both human and material resources.More often than not, aerial pioneers had to fight technological ignorance, bureaucratic opposition, public apathy, and disagreement over purpose.Every step in the evolution of air power led into new and untrodden territory, driven by humanitarian impulses; by the search for higher, faster, and farther flight; or by the conviction that the air way was the best way. Warriors have always coveted the high ground. If technology permitted them to reach it, men, women andan air force held and exploited it-from Thomas Selfridge, first among so many who gave that "last full measure of devotion"; to Women's Airforce Service Pilot Ann Baumgartner, who broke social barriers to become the first Americanwoman to pilot a jet; to Benjamin Davis, who broke racial barriers to become the first African American to command a flying group; to Chuck Yeager, a one-time non-commissioned flight officer who was the first to exceed the speed of sound; to John Levitow, who earned the Medal of Honor by throwing himself over a live flare to save his gunship crew; to John Warden, who began a revolution in air power thought and strategy that was put to spectacular use in the Gulf War.Industrialization has brought total war and air power has brought the means to overfly an enemy's defenses and attack its sources of power directly. Americans have perceived air power from the start as a more efficient means of waging war and as a symbol of the nation's commitment to technology to master challenges, minimize casualties, and defeat adversaries.

Download or read book The Evolution of the Cruise Missile written by Kenneth P. Werrell and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The United States Air Force and the Culture of Innovation 1945 1965 written by Stephen B. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book History of The Office of The Secretary of Defense Vol 3 Strategy Money and the New Look 1953 1956 2001 written by and published by . This book was released on 2002* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Inside the Cold War written by Chris Adams and published by . This book was released on 2004-12-01 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: General Adams reflects on his experiences in the cold war, during which he served in both manned bombers and missile silos. He tells stories of famous and not-so-famous cold warriors, including some from the US Navy. Some stories are humorous; some stories are tragic. Having traveled extensively in Russia and some former Soviet Union states after retirement, General Adams tells us about his former adversaries, the Soviet cold warriors. In the process, he leaves no doubt about his respect for all who served so valiantly in the "strategic triad"-- the strategic command, the ICBM force, and the submarine Navy.

Download or read book The Joint Chiefs of Staff and National Policy 1953 1954 written by Robert J. Watson and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: