Download or read book Historical Studies in the Nobel Archives written by Elisabeth T. Crawford and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Beginnings of the Nobel Institution written by Elisabeth T. Crawford and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1984 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nobel Prizes have long been the most prestigious awards in the world of science. Established according to the wishes expressed in the will of Alfred Nobel (1895), the annual awards began in 1901. The Nobel Archives preserve the detailed study of the inner workings of the prize committees, and the archival documents, available for historical research since 1974, open the door to important new scholarship in the history and sociology of the prizes. Elisabeth Crawford was one of the first to gain access to the Nobel Archives at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and in this book she analyzes the early history of the prizes in physics and chemistry. Crawford sets out in detail the story of the intricate inner workings of the process whereby the prizewinners were selected. A fascinating picture of the contemporary international scientific establishment emerges, one shedding light on how the developing Nobel institution became enmeshed in speciality and other networks, notably those of Arrhenius and Mittag-Leffler, the two Swedish scientists who were best known internationally at the time. While the general development of disciplines and the standing of scientists in international and national communities heavily influenced the selection process, the cases presented in this book show that the specific choices of specialities, discoveries, and people to be honored were determined by the Swedish participants in the process. The question of how, after some initial uncertainties, the Nobel Prizes became synonymous with the highest achievements in science and culture is also addressed. This detailed study of the birth of what have become science's highest accolades will interest historians and scientists alike.
Download or read book Nobel Prizes And Life Sciences written by Erling Norrby and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010-09-24 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nobel Prizes in natural sciences have developed to become a unique measure of scientific excellence. Using archival documents, which have been released (50 years secrecy) for scholarly work, the author expertly traces the strengths and weaknesses of the Nobel system as exemplified by individual prizes. Surveys of the more than 100 years that the Prizes have been awarded are also presented.This book discusses the most important prize in the world of science and gives unique historical insights into how the laureate selection process has developed to secure optimal choice.No other book has been published which draws from previously classified archival materials to the extent that this book does. It indirectly deals with factors that foster scientific discoveries viz. the role of both individuals and institutions and thus provides invaluable insights for researchers, institutions and anyone interested in science.
Download or read book Attributing Excellence in Medicine written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-07-01 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attributing Excellence in Medicine discusses the aura around the prestigious Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. It analyzes the social processes and contingent factors leading to recognition and reputation in science and medicine. This volume will help the reader to better understand the dynamics of the attribution of excellence throughout the 20th century. Contributors are Massimiano Bucchi, Fabio De Sio, Jacalyn Duffin, Heiner Fangerau, Thorsten Halling, Nils Hansson, David S. Jones, Gustav Källstrand, Ulrich Koppitz, Pauline Mattsson, Katarina Nordqvist, Scott H. Podolsky, Thomas Schlich, and Sven Widmalm.
Download or read book Einstein s Nobel Prize written by Aant Elzinga and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In essence, Einstein did not win the Nobel Prize in Physics for 1921 for developing the theory of relativity. Instead the committee in charge considered his work on the photoelectric effect more worthy of attention. Here Elzinga (history of ideas and history of science emeritus, U. of Goteborg), working from his research in the Nobel archives of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, describes the complex story of how and why Einstein received the award, having been nominated 60 times from 1910 to 1922. He explores the possibilities of who and what were responsible for the sole successful nomination, the scientific community's skepticism about relativity, the role philosophy, politics and culture had in science in the cold war after the First World War, and what it was about Einstein himself that may have encouraged or discouraged the committee.
Download or read book The Politics of Excellence written by Robert Marc Friedman and published by W H Freeman & Company. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reveals all the politics & personal agendas that dictate who has been awarded the Prize, & just as importantly, who has not. Published in conjunction with the 100th anniversary of the Prizes.
Download or read book Nobel Prizes And Notable Discoveries written by Erling Norrby and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-09-06 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present book discusses the prizes in physiology or medicine 1963-65. The 1963 prize recognized milestone discoveries in the field of neurosciences, the way electrical impulses are generated and spread in nerves. The impressive developments of insights into tantalizing brain functions, like consciousness and memory, is discussed in the perspective of prizes both before and after the 1963 prize. The prize in 1964 marked the advanced biochemical venture that led to a full understanding of the synthesis of cholesterol, a central molecule for providing flexibility of the membranes of the trillions of cell in our body. The importance of this molecule for the appearance of cardiovascular diseases and the possibilities to prevent them is presented in the light of other prizes earlier and later in this field. The 1965 prize recognized three impressive French intellectuals, Lwoff, Monod and Jacob. Their contributions allowed the full maturation of the initial phase of the emerging field of molecular biology. The comprehension of the information flow from DNA via RNA to proteins was the source of a revolution of life sciences and of medicine.
Download or read book Cathedrals of Science written by Patrick Coffey and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-08-29 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Cathedrals of Science, Patrick Coffey describes how chemistry got its modern footing-how thirteen brilliant men and one woman struggled with the laws of the universe and with each other. They wanted to discover how the world worked, but they also wanted credit for making those discoveries, and their personalities often affected how that credit was assigned. Gilbert Lewis, for example, could be reclusive and resentful, and his enmity with Walther Nernst may have cost him the Nobel Prize; Irving Langmuir, gregarious and charming, "rediscovered" Lewis's theory of the chemical bond and received much of the credit for it. Langmuir's personality smoothed his path to the Nobel Prize over Lewis. Coffey deals with moral and societal issues as well. These same scientists were the first to be seen by their countries as military assets. Fritz Haber, dubbed the "father of chemical warfare," pioneered the use of poison gas in World War I-vividly described-and Glenn Seaborg and Harold Urey were leaders in World War II's Manhattan Project; Urey and Linus Pauling worked for nuclear disarmament after the war. Science was not always fair, and many were excluded. The Nazis pushed Jewish scientists like Haber from their posts in the 1930s. Anti-Semitism was also a force in American chemistry, and few women were allowed in; Pauling, for example, used his influence to cut off the funding and block the publications of his rival, Dorothy Wrinch. Cathedrals of Science paints a colorful portrait of the building of modern chemistry from the late 19th to the mid-20th century.
Download or read book Archives of the Nobel Museum written by Nobelmuseet and published by . This book was released on 200? with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemical Heritage written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nationalism and Internationalism in Science 1880 1939 written by Elisabeth Crawford and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-07-04 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the upsurge of nationalism among scientists of warring nations during and after World War I.
Download or read book Neighbouring Nobel written by Henry Nielsen and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To commemorate the centennial of the Nobel Prize in 2001, and in the light of recent, critical Nobel research, this volume provides an historical analysis of the work, the people, and the stories behind the thirteen Nobel Prizes awarded to Danes so far. This represents the first time that the Nobel population of a single country has been treated in depth as a unit. Danes have been awarded all five of the 'classic' Nobel Prizes: one Peace Prize, three Literature, three Physics, one Chemistry, and five Physiology or Medicine Prizes. Although only one recipient is internationally famous -- Niels Bohr, who won the Prize in 1922 for his application of quantum ideas to atomic structure -- the more obscure laureates are of interest precisely because they are obscure. Why were they selected? Who were they up against? How was the news about their prize received by colleagues abroad? Did the honor help or hinder their subsequent careers? Prior to 1974, all deliberations behind the awarding of the Prize were strictly confidential. In that year, the Nobel Foundation granted access to the archives relating to prizes more than fifty years old, and this now applies to nine of the Danish prizes. With regard to these prizes, the book explores what went on behind the scenes -- who nominated the laureates, how their achievements were assessed, and what role politics may have played. On the four more recent prizes, the authors interviewed the laureates about the work the Prize rewarded and the Prize's personal and professional aftermath. Before this book, such questions were impossible to answer, since nothing had been written about the circumstances that led to any of the Danish prizes, nor abouthow any of the thirteen laureates felt about receiving the most prestigious validation possible for a person's work. Neighbouring Nobel will be a valuable addition both to the literature on the Nobel Prize and to the study of 20th century Danish history.
Download or read book Freud in Cambridge written by John Forrester and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-09 with total page 719 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Freud may never have set foot in Cambridge - that hub for the twentieth century's most influential thinkers and scientists - but his intellectual impact there in the years between the two World Wars was immense. This is a story that has long languished untold, buried under different accounts of the dissemination of psychoanalysis. John Forrester and Laura Cameron present a fascinating and deeply textured history of the ways in which a set of Freudian ideas about the workings of the human mind, sexuality and the unconscious affected Cambridge men and women - from A. G. Tansley and W. H. R. Rivers to Bertrand Russell, Bernal, Strachey and Wittgenstein - shaping their thinking across a range of disciplines, from biology to anthropology, and from philosophy to psychology, education and literature. Freud in Cambridge will be welcomed as a major intervention by literary scholars, historians and all readers interested in twentieth-century intellectual and scientific life.
Download or read book Reader s Guide to the History of Science written by Arne Hessenbruch and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-12-16 with total page 965 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Reader's Guide to the History of Science looks at the literature of science in some 550 entries on individuals (Einstein), institutions and disciplines (Mathematics), general themes (Romantic Science) and central concepts (Paradigm and Fact). The history of science is construed widely to include the history of medicine and technology as is reflected in the range of disciplines from which the international team of 200 contributors are drawn.
Download or read book The Road to Stockholm written by István Hargittai and published by Chemical Heritage Foundation. This book was released on 2002 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nobel Prizes enjoy enormous prestige throughout the world. Every year, science is propelled into the limelight, and in October, when the prizes are announced, and December, when they are awarded at a ceremony in Stockholm, a chosen few scientists acquire celebrity status and their sciencereceives wide coverage in the news media. First awarded in 1901, the Nobel Prize remains the only science prize widely recognized by the general public.What sort of scientists become Nobel laureates? How are they chosen? Are there features common to them, and to their prize-winning research? These sorts of questions have long intrigued Istvan Hargittai and seeking answers, he began interviewing Nobel prize-winning scientists about their careers.Some 70 laureates, and a similar number of other distinguished scientists, have been interviewed, most of them during the late 1990s, and the result is this remarkable book. Written for a general readership, The Road to Stockholm illuminates the nature of scientific discovery, the Nobel Prizeselection process, the factors common to award-winning research, and the effects of the Nobel Prize on science itself. Here are stories of scientists who overcame adversity, eventually to win the Prize; insights into the importance of the laureate's mentor in earlier life, and into the significanceof the location where prize-winning research is carried out; and a variety of responses to the question: what first turned you to science? No less fascinating are the well-publicised examples of deserving (in many eyes) scientists who were not awarded the Nobel Prize, and Professor Hargittai devotesa chapter to them.Here, then, is an absorbing account of science, scientists, and a Prize created a hundred years ago to reward those who, in the words of Alfred Nobel's Will, 'during the previous year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind.'
Download or read book The Cambridge History of the First World War Volume 3 Civil Society written by Jay Winter and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-01-09 with total page 1388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 3 of The Cambridge History of the First World War explores the social and cultural history of the war and considers the role of civil society throughout the conflict; that is to say those institutions and practices outside the state through which the war effort was waged. Drawing on 25 years of historical scholarship, it sheds new light on culturally significant issues such as how families and medical authorities adapted to the challenges of war and the shift that occurred in gender roles and behaviour that would subsequently reshape society. Adopting a transnational approach, this volume surveys the war's treatment of populations at risk, including refugees, minorities and internees, to show the full extent of the disaster of war and, with it, the stubborn survival of irrational kindness and the generosity of spirit that persisted amidst the bitterness at the heart of warfare, with all its contradictions and enduring legacies.
Download or read book Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
