Download or read book Historical Dictionary of the Hong Kong SAR and the Macao SAR written by Ming K. Chan and published by Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East. This book was released on 2006 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Historical Dictionary of the Hong Kong SAR and the Macao SAR is divided into two parts, one for each region. Introductory information, such as the list of acronyms and maps, precedes both parts, but then separate chronologies, introductions, dictionaries, appendixes, and bibliographies are provided for both Hong Kong and Macao - providing an in-depth examination of both SARs. A photospread completes the volume."--Back Cover.

Download or read book The A to Z of the Hong Kong SAR and the Macao SAR written by Ming K. Chan and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2010 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China is located on the southeastern coast of China, and the Macao SAR can be found off of China's southern coast. Both regions have recently been released from European colonial rule: Hong Kong from British control in 1997 and Macao from Portugal in 1999. As SARs, Hong Kong and Macao retain a high degree of autonomy, and they control all issues except those of state (e.g. diplomatic relations and national defense). The A to Z of the Hong Kong SAR and the Macao SAR includes maps, photographs, a list of acronyms, a chronology, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries on important persons, places, and events as well as political, economic and social background. However, unlike the rest of the series, all these sections are presented in duplicate: one for Hong Kong and one for Macao. The authoritative analysis and informative data presented clearly elucidate the unique situation of these two territories.

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Hong Kong Macau written by Elfed Vaughan Roberts and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1997 the British colony of Hong Kong reverted to the People's Republic of China after over 150 years under British control. Two years later, in 1999, the Portuguese-administered territory of Macau will be reunited with the mainland. How did these two c

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Mongolia written by Alan J.K. Sanders and published by Scarecrow Press. This book was released on 2010-05-20 with total page 969 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition of the Historical Dictionary of Mongolia greatly expands on the previous edition through a chronology, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and over 1000 cross-referenced dictionary entries on important people, places, events, and institutions, as well as significant political, economic, social, and cultural aspects.

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Malaysia written by Ooi Keat Gin and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2017-12-18 with total page 687 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malaysia is one of the most intriguing countries in Asia in many respects. It consists of several distinct areas, not only geographically but ethnically as well; along with Malays and related groups, the country has a very large Indian and Chinese population. The spoken languages obviously vary at home, although Bahasa Malaysia is the official language and nearly everyone speaks English. There is also a mixture of religions, with Islam predominating among the Malays and others, Hinduism and Sikhism among the Indians, mainly Daoism and Confucianism among the Chinese, but also some Christians as well as older indigenous beliefs in certain places. This second edition of Historical Dictionary of Malaysia contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 500 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Malaysia.

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Syria written by David Commins and published by Scarecrow Press. This book was released on 2013-12-05 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2011, massive protest movements that appeared to come out of nowhere caught the Arab world’s autocrats by surprise and brought down powerful leaders in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, and Yemen. Thousands of Syrians took to the streets in March 2011 calling for the “fall of the regime,” the popular slogan of Arab uprisings, but found themselves confronting a determined foe willing to slaughter thousands of citizens and to destroy entire city neighborhoods in order to hold onto power. By the middle of 2013, Syria was in the midst of a nightmarish civil war marked by more than 80,000 deaths, sectarian massacres, the flight of one-fourth the country’s population from their homes, the disintegration of government institutions in much of the country, and a rising humanitarian crisis as food, medicine, and electricity grew short. Nobody in Syria or the outside world appears to be in a position to stop what looked like a fight to the bitter end, at whatever cost to the country. This third edition of the Historical Dictionary of Syria covers the recent events in Syria as well as the history that led up to these events. This is done through a chronology, an introductory essay, and an extensive bibliography. The cross-referenced dictionary section has over 500 entries on significant persons, places and events, political parties and institutions, literature, music and the arts. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Syria.

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Uzbekistan written by Reuel R. Hanks and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2024-02-19 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although Uzbekistan was established as an independent state in 1991, the rich history of the people and culture extend back thousands of years. Historical Dictionary of Uzbekistan covers several thousand years of Central Asian history, with emphasis on the period from the establishment of a territorialized entity under the Soviet regime called the Uzbek SSR, up through the period of the independent Republic of Uzbekistan. Historical Dictionary of Uzbekistan contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has more than 400 cross-referenced entries on important personalities as well as aspects of the country’s politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Uzbekistan.

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam written by Jatswan S. Sidhu and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2016-12-20 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After being a British protectorate for about 96 years since the 1888 Treaty of Protection, the modern state of Negara Brunei Darussalam (Abode of Peace) eventually obtained its independence from Great Britain on 1 January 1984. Run by a royal family that established a kingdom in Brunei some 650 years ago, the first sultan, Muhammad Shah (Alak Betatar) was installed in c.1363. Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah, the current ruler, is the 29th sultan of the lineage and is one of the richest men in the world. In spite of being called a mini-state, Brunei is well-known around the world because its population enjoys one of the highest gross national income per capita in the world, at an average of US$39,943 (2015) a year. This third edition of Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 300 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the Brunei Darussalam.

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Postwar Japan written by William D. Hoover and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2018-12-15 with total page 653 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Japan is a mix of the old and the new, traditional and modern, and old fashion and innovative. It has traveled the road to a modern destination without totally losing sight of its traditions and values. Although some in Japan lament the passing of old ways, Japan has held on to a reasonable amount of its traditions and values. This is easier to find in its arts and crafts and its literature and films as well as in its social habits. This book will introduce the broad sweep of people, events, and trends, including the successes and failures, of postwar Japan. This second edition of Historical Dictionary of Postwar Japan contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 500 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Japan.

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Sri Lanka written by Patrick Peebles and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2015-10-22 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sri Lanka has had a celebrated history, a long colonial past, and since independence in 1948 has passed through a series of crises and political experiments. It has had a remarkable record of voters turning out unpopular governments, often by sweeping margins. On 8 January 2015 voters again performed this feat when Maithripala Sirisena, representing a coalition of disparate parties, defeated Mahinda Rajapaksa for the presidency. Rajapaksa was turning the nation away from its democratic heritage towards authoritarianism and militarism. Independent Sri Lanka’s economy stagnated for decades before it began to grow in the 1980s. It has had significant economic growth since the end of the 26-year war against the separatist Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in 2009. Although reconciliation between the Sinhalese Buddhist majority and Hindu, Muslim and Christian minorities seems distant, prospects for Sri Lanka seem better than they have been for decades. The Historical Dictionary of Sri Lanka contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 700 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Sri Lanka.

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of East Timor written by Geoffrey C. Gunn and published by Scarecrow Press. This book was released on 2010-12-18 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: East Timor, also known as Timor-Leste, comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, located at the eastern end of the Indonesian archipelago. East Timor was among the last of colonial territories to become independent, and it actually had to be liberated twice. First, after more than four centuries of Portuguese colonial rule, it achieved independence in 1975 only to be invaded and occupied by Indonesia. After a blood-soaked occupation of 24 years and following intense international pressure, the Jakarta-regime only grudgingly allowed East Timor to form a nation of its own in 1999. Since then, the new state has faced further armed clashes and is only now able to seriously engage in nation-building. Historical Dictionary of East Timor relates the turbulent history of this country through a chronology, an introductory essay, an expansive bibliography, and over 200 cross-referenced dictionary entries on significant persons, events, places, organizations, and other aspects of East Timor history from the earliest times to the present.

Download or read book Advances in Artificial Systems for Medicine and Education V written by Zhengbing Hu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-01 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book broadly covers a scope of the latest advances for the development of artificial intelligence systems and their applications in various fields from medicine and technology to education. The proceedings comprise refereed papers presented at the Fifth International Conference of Artificial Intelligence, Medical Engineering, and Education (AIMEE2021), which took place at the Mechanical Engineering Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, on 1–3 October 2021. Given the rapid development of artificial intelligence systems, the book emphasizes the need for the intensification of training of a growing number of relevant specialists, in particular, in medical engineering to increase the effectiveness of medical diagnosing and treatment. In digital artificial intelligence systems, scientists endeavour to reproduce the innate intellectual abilities of humans and other organisms, and the in-depth study of genetic systems and inherited biological processes can provide new approaches to create more and more effective artificial intelligence methods. Topics of the included papers concern thematic materials in the following spheres: mathematics and biomathematics; medical approaches; technological and educational approaches. The book is a compilation of cutting-edge research papers in the field, covering a comprehensive range of subjects that are relevant to business managers and engineering professionals alike. The breadth and depth of these proceedings make them an excellent resource for asset management practitioners, researchers, and academics, as well as undergraduate and postgraduate students who are interested in artificial intelligence, bioinformatics systems, also their expanding applications. The intended readership includes specialists, students, and other circles of readers who would like to know where artificial intelligence systems can be applied in the future with great benefit.

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Environment written by Lawrence R. Sullivan and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2019-10-08 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The largest emitter of green-house gases since 2007 and top polluter of the increasingly stressed Pacific Ocean, the People’s Republic of China is both a major contributor to environmental degradation and a leading contender to mitigate and stabilize global environmental conditions. Reviewing the history of the PRC from the periods of central economic planning (1953-1978) followed by the single-minded pursuit of economic growth and mass consumption beginning in 1978-1979 to the adoption of a more balanced approach stressing environmental protection and restoration beginning in the 1990s, Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Environment documents both the enormous damage to the country’s natural environment and the dramatic attempts by the Chinese government and environmental non-government organizations (ENGOs) at environmental amelioration and restoration. Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Environment contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 200 cross-referenced entries on environmental degradation including air and water pollution, deforestation, desertification, and resource depletion while efforts at amelioration and restoration include river and waterway clean-ups, reforestation and desert control, restoration of fisheries, creation of national nature reserves, along with energy conservation and development of renewables such as solar and wind power. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the Chinese Environment.

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Chinese Foreign Affairs written by Lawrence R. Sullivan and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2018-09-18 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an act of totally unnecessary and wanton destruction, British forces in China during the Second Opium War (1856-1860) looted and destroyed much of the Old Imperial Summer Palace (Yuanmingyuan) including three imperial gardens and hundreds of halls, pavilions, and temples stock full of ancient artwork, antiquities, and literary works. More than a hundred years later, President Xi Jinping (2013- ) of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) proclaimed the “rejuvenation” of the Chinese nation with the economic and especially military power to prevent any such recurrence of “national humiliation.” Though not yet a superpower equal in global stature to the United States, the PRC is undoubtedly poised to become the equal if not the superior power in the Asia-Pacific region expanding its territorial claims in the South China Sea and asserting undisputed economic dominance. With government, business, and academic leaders debating how regional and global powers should respond to a rising China. Historical Dictionary of Chinese Foreign Affairs contains a chronology, an introduction, a glossary, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 300 cross-referenced entries on major events, national institutions, foreign nations, and personages impacting Chinese foreign affairs along with the many institutions of the post-World War II international order that the PRC has engaged especially since the 1970s. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Chinese foreign affairs.

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Economy written by Lawrence R. Sullivan and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2017-11-08 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Economy covers the world’s second largest macro economy. Extensive attention throughout the volume is given to the historical development of the Chinese economy since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. Included is a review of developments during the period of central economic planning adopted from the Soviet Union (1953-1978) and in-depth information and analysis on the various policies and fundamental changes brought about in China by the inauguration of economic reforms from 1978-1979 through 2016. This book contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 400 cross-referenced entries on i critical sectors of the economy including automobiles, banking and finance, national currency, economic regulation, trade and investment, and important industries such as agriculture, computers and electronics, iron and steel, real estate, and shipping.. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about China’s economy.

Download or read book The China Challenge written by Huhua Cao and published by University of Ottawa Press. This book was released on 2011-05-28 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the exception of Canada’s relationship with the United States, Canada’s relationship with China will likely be its most significant foreign connection in the twenty-first century. As China’s role in world politics becomes more central, understanding China becomes essential for Canadian policymakers and policy analysts in a variety of areas. Responding to this need, The China Challenge brings together perspectives from both Chinese and Canadian experts on the evolving Sino-Canadian relationship. It traces the history and looks into the future of Canada-China bilateral relations. It also examines how China has affected a number of Canadian foreign and domestic policy issues, including education, economics, immigration, labour and language. Recently, Canada-China relations have suffered from inadequate policymaking and misunderstandings on the part of both governments. Establishing a good dialogue with China must be a Canadian priority in order to build and maintain mutually beneficial relations with this emerging power, which will last into the future.

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of the Gulf Arab States written by Malcolm C. Peck and published by Scarecrow Press. This book was released on 2007-12-20 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of the Historical Dictionary of the Gulf Arab States comes at a time when the world's attention is riveted on the Middle East. The small states covered in this volume_Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE)_possess about 20 percent of the world's total oil reserves. Beyond the strategic and economic importance conferred upon them by their vast oil reserves, the Gulf Arab states are worthy of attention for the inherent interest of their history and culture. No area of the world has yielded more revealing and exciting archaeological finds in the past few decades than these states. Investigations have brought to light extensive evidence of an important culture as old as Egypt of the Pharaohs or ancient Babylon, which was virtually unknown previously except through rare references in the records of other civilizations. This expanded second edition covers the history of the five countries through a chronology broken down by country, a list of acronyms and abbreviations, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and several hundred cross-referenced dictionary entries on important persons, places, and events of each country. Everything from the Abbasids to Zubarah is covered in this essential reference on this increasingly important region of the world.